CC BY
4
Kudratov A.A. lecturer
Gulistan State University
ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF GROWING LEGUMES ON
IRRIGATED AREAS
Annotation. One of the most important economic benefits of leguminous crops is the accumulation of nodular bacteria in their roots and, as a result of its activity, they fix atmospheric nitrogen and accumulate biologically available nitrogen in the soil. Many factors affect the accumulation of biological nitrogen, such as the type of plant, soil-climate conditions, soil environment, moisture. It is very useful to apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to the ground where leguminous crops are planted, especially mash, because they have a positive effect on the formation of root nodules. Moss is demanding on phosphorus and potash fertilizers, when planted in spring, 30-40 kg of nitrogen, 60-90 kg ofphosphorus, 30-60 kg of potassium are applied per hectare. Accordingly, in our experiments, we observed the number of nodules on the roots of mash varieties and showed that it changes with increasing seedling thickness and increasing planting rate.
Key words: economic growth, mosh, vitamin, economic stability, export, value, productivity, fertilizers.
Introduction
Today, the issue of food supply has become one of the priorities in all countries of the world. In particular, the global warming process on the planet has caused flooding in some areas, and more than Hadd water shortages in some areas, and the increase in various natural disasters, first of all, has its negative impact on the agricultural sector.
This problem is being ensured by the supply of ducal grain madsulots in exchange for halal activities. The study of the technology of repeated cultivation of the mosh crop for the purpose of rational use of empty fields from grain crops and the production of poultry food is an urgent issue. Because in recent years, the cultivation area of mosh has been expanding. Mosh is an Asian variety of beans, which is distinguished by the fact that the grain is widely enslaved in food, high-quality and tasty dishes are prepared. It has long been cultivated in Uzbekistan and is considered one of the sources of protein. Mosh is also planted in biology analysis. Mosh grain contains 24-28% oxyl, 2-4% oil and 46-50% starch, vitamins V rice, lysine, arginine. It is joined by 5-10% wheat flour [1].
Currently, arable land is being expanded in our country with a strong emphasis on cereals, legumes, oil crops. Great opportunities have opened up for the development of dexterity and the productive use of the land. One of the main problems today is the question of protein, that is, the satisfaction of human
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demand for protein. The importance of the mosh plant from legumes is great in solving this issue.
Literature review
In the conditions of our republic, from autumn wheat to 60-70 ts/ha, and from a mosh crop grown as a repeat crop, a grain crop of 15-20 ts/ha is grown, there are opportunities to bring the grain crop grown for one season to 75-90 ts/ha. On Earth, legumes-grain crops amounted to 135 million tons.it is planted on an area of hectares. Among legumes, the area under which mosh is planted is second in volume in the world after shade (around 74 million hectares in the world), and the third largest is chickpeas (about 10 million hectares in the world).
In the Central Asian and Caucasian back Republics, mosh is widely used in the food industry. Its satiety will increase even more if the flour made from the fly is absorbed into the pasta. Mosh legume is a cereal crop rice that accumulates 24-28% protein in many microns in its grain. Along with the food industry, nutritious feed for livestock can also be grown from it. Also in the roots of the mosh, the legume bacteria develops, absorbing free nitrogen, increasing soil fertility.
The origin of the mosh is associated with Hindestan. Currently, mosh is planted in many countries. Is grown in large areas in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, China, Korea, Japan, India, Pakistan, Egypt, Ethiopia and other countries. According to data from the Ministry of Agriculture, mosh is grown in our republic every year on an area of more than 23-27 thousand hectares as a repeated crop.
Analysis and results
According to preliminary data from the statistical agency, in January-April 2023, Uzbekistan exported 45.5 thousand tons of mosh, worth US $ 35.1 million, to 23 countries. The volume of Mosh exports increased by 2.4 thousand tons compared with the corresponding period of 2022. The countries where Uzbekistan exported the most mosh: - China - 42 thousand tons
- Pakistan-1.0 thousand tons
- Kazakhstan-588 tons
- Tajikistan-559 tons
- Russia-257 tons
- Netherlands-191 tons
- Turkey-163 tons
- Korea-48 tons.-+
In the world market in Aynii dam, the wholesale price of one ton of mosh is selling from 1100-1400 dollars. In this case, the consumer needs to take at least 20 tons.
For several years in Uzbekistan, it has been promoted to establish the planting of mosh as a second crop on wheat-free lands.
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In Uzbekistan, it is said that an average of 1.5 tons of mosh is obtained from one hectare of land in irrigated areas.
Experts say that Uzbekistan should abandon cotton solitude, which is causing forced labor, and establish the planting of other crops suitable for the local climate.
It is estimated that the profit from Uzbekistan's exports of one-year cotton crop is about $ 800 million.
In one year from Russia alone, Uzbekistan receives an average of $ 6-7 billion through migrants.
Economist Anvar Husainov says that a year's income can be around $ 100 billion if Uzbekistan gives up cotton and sets up the cultivation of other agricultural products.
When growing mosh as a repeat crop, delaying its sowing dates and increasing its norms leads to a decrease in the amount of raw protein in the grain. The early period of rain mosh (30.06) leads to a slight decrease in the amount of raw protein in the grain when germinated from 10 - 14 kg per hectare. Mosh is a moisture-loving plant. In order for the seed to germinate, it must give water equal to the weight. It requires a lot of water, especially during the zoning period.
Conculision
The formation of a protein in Mosh depends on external factors, and the amount of protein also increases when the air temperature increases. The protein content of mosh planted in spring is less than when planted between ez. Due to the cultivation of legumes as a recurring crop, a total of 4.40 tons of anchovies and root residues from wheat and mosh plant accumulate in the soil per hectare of land. The amount of humus in the soil increases due to residual angina and root rot in the soil. As a result, the preservation of soil fertility is achieved. The formation of the protein contained in the Mosh, for favorable planting period it turned out to be the month of summer.
- the planting norm indicates the influence on the formation of dressing in mosh varieties;
- biometric indicators are reduced in the highest standard;
- among the varieties planted in the experiment, the highest degree of specificity was observed in the Zilola variety, and it is recommended to expand their area as a repeated crop in the conditions of development of this variety.
High levels of havo kharorat can affect a certain level of high levels of raw protein in ham mosh grain. Mosh planting deadlines and Meyers have also been found in studies to have an effect on the amount of protein in mosh grain.
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