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INCREASING SOIL FERTILITY BY SOWING AUTUMN LEGUMES IN NAMANGAN REGION
Kamalov Bakhodir Asamovich, Namangan State University, professor, of the department of ecology E-mail: kamolov-1942@ inbox.ru Umurzakova Umida Nosirjonovna, teacher, of the department of ekology Namangan State University, E-mail: umidaumurzakova1980@mail.ru
INCREASING SOIL FERTILITY BY SOWING AUTUMN LEGUMES
IN NAMANGAN REGION
Abstract: The article analyzes the role of legumes in logical productivity and yield from leguminous crops in
Keywords: leguminous crops, natural yield, humus,
Namangan is one of the most arid regions of Central Asia. Rational utilization of limited land and water resources in rural areas is crucial for the development of agriculture.
Land used in Namangan in agriculture is mainly of grey desert soils, with the altitude of 400-600 m above sea-level and light brown grey desert soils, typical grey desert soils at 600-900 m and dark-brown grey desert soils at altitudes of 900-1200 m. The altitude of 900-1200 m covers the small area between the farming lands of the region.
It is well known that the role of humus in soil fertility is quite high. Biological, microbiological, agrochemical, agro-physiological and other properties of the soil are largely dependent on the amount of humus. In the grey desert soils of the region, the humus layer is usually gray and slightly brown. It has a thickness of 15-18 cm, which increases in 1-1.5% in light-brown soils, 1.5-2.5% in normal gray soils, and 3-4% in dark-brown soils.
Namangan region has a total of 282275 hectares of irrigated land and the humus content has reduced by up to 30% for 25-30 years. According to the Agro-Laboratory of the region, the amount of humus is currently 0.7-1.0% on the average [1].
Therefore, to maintain and increase soil fertility, it is necessary to include in the farming system aimed at enriching the soil with organic matter. In order to increase soil fertility, it was used previously to plant seedlings. In recent years, grain and other cultivated areas have been cut short in order to achieve grain independence and the area of grain crops has expanded. At present, the ratio of cotton and grain crops is about 1: 1. However, this result was not satisfactory and, therefore, the productivity of agricultural crops in Namangan region did not exceed; and in some cases we note falling rates. For example, the yield in the Namangan region ranged from 31-35 centner /ha in 1980-85, 30-33 centner/ha in 1986-1990, 27-31.3 centner/ha in 1991-1995, 21-26.2 centner/ha in 2001-2005,
increasing the fertility of soil, and the ways to increase bio-Namangan region. biological nitrogen, fertility.
17-25.2 centner/ha in 2001-2005, 22-26 centners per ha in 2006-2010, and 21-25 centner/hectare in years 2011-2017 [Year 4] year-on-year shows that the region's yields are losing.
Therefore, in order to increase soil fertility, it is necessary to test the possibility of enrichment of soil and increase the productivity of soil through the exchange of grain and legumes. This is confirmed in many experiments. For example, the amount of nitrogen collected after soya production in the soil layer is 50 to 100 kg/ha, the remaining root and taste weight 35-40 centner/ha after the shade, after the wheat 20-30 centner/ha, 18-21 centner/ha after mung bean and 50-60 centner/ha after the maize [2].
In the experimental area "Oltin Zamin" (Golden Land), located in Namangan region, experimental work on increasing soil fertility by sowing leguminous crops at the grain fields has been conducted. The main purpose of the experiment is to create an effective system of crop rotation in a short rotation of agricultural crops that improve soil fertility and improve its agro-physiological and agrochemical properties in the conditions of light-brown soils, which form the main crop areas of the region. On the soil of the field, the agrochemical condition of the soil varies in the 0-30 cm layer of humus 1.450-1.562%, gross nitrogen 0.130-0.148%, phosphorus 0.100-0.110%, potassium 1.570-1680%, motion of phosphorus 24.7-26.7 mg /kg, potassium 225-230 mg/kg and moderately supplied with humus and nutritional elements.
The experiment was conducted in 7 variants [2].
The first variant of the experiment includes wheat (control variant is continuous wheat), variant 2 - for the second crop, for the next crop, for the third variant - for grain, in variant 4 for bean grain, in the fifth variant for bean grain, in the variant 6 - after the wheat for the next crop for sunflower seeds in the 7th variant is the autumn plowing season after the wheat and is planted next year.
Section 4. Geography
Table 1 lists the total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the remains of the seed and root remains in the soil after winter wheat is harvested. According to the data of this table, according to the estimates, after the fall wheat, an
average of 13.2 kg of nitrogen, 8.8 kg of phosphorus and 20.4 kg of potassium in the total area of one hectare may be due to the decay of the spleen and root residues.
Table 1. - Common nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the spleen and root remains of the wheat remaining in the soil after harvesting the winter wheat
Years Humus amount,% General position,%
Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium
2012 1.560 0.437 0.291 0.677
2013 1.450 0. 429 0.283 0.669
2014 1.562 0.451 0. 299 0.685
In Table 2, after the recycling of sown areas on grain-free areas, the remaining soil and root residues contained nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, indicating that the
number of recycled crops increased by 2-3 times the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Table 2. - Common nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the soil and root residues left on the ground by agricultural crops, which were sown as secondary crops in the areas that were liberated from gall blocks
Variants Type of crop Total amount of ingredients in stubble and root remains,%
Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium
2. Soya 1.178-1.185 0.403-0.411 0.218-0.224
3. Mung bean 1.194-1.204 0.424-0.432 0.307-0.311
4. Haricot 1.248-1.261 0.455-0.467 0.288-0.295
5. Earthnut 1.031-1.047 0.368-0.379 0.502-0.511
6. Sunflower 0.712-0.727 0.273-0.276 0.451-0.464
Table 3 shows the yield of cotton, which has been grown after the second crop. As you can see, in all cases positive results have been obtained.
Table 3. - The crop yields of cotton grown after the harvest season
Variants Type of the second crop Cotton plant fertility centner / ha
Average
2. Soya 37.0
3. Mung bean 38.1
4. Haricot 37.3
5. Earthnut 36.5
6. Sunflower 34.9
In addition to the above, it should be noted that the crop yields were sown sufficiently to recover the crop yield, average of15.8 centner per hectare, average 14.6 centner/ha for beef, 16.2 centner/ha for beans, 13.6 centner/ha, oilseed crops -21.4 centner / ha on sunflower. The yield of wheat was 64.9 centner per hectare.
Based on the results of the experiment, we can conclude that,
1) Reproduction of cotton with leguminous and oil-bearing crops increases the productivity of the soil by 1.5-2 times;
2) from planted crops can be harvested from 13-16 centners per hectare, and 20-22 centners per hectare from sunflower crops.
3) in Namangan region, crops can be harvested twice a year;
4) from planted crops can be harvested from 13-16 centners per hectare, and 20-22 centners per hectare from sunflower crops.
INCREASING SOIL FERTILITY BY SOWING AUTUMN LEGUMESIN NAMANGAN REGION
References:
1. Abdurahmonov S. T.- Evaluation ofWater Saving Capacity ofAgricultural Lands in the Aral Sea Region. Author's abstract 2018.- 43 p.
2. Muminov A., Khaydarov U., Chovarov A., Ismanov A. Recommendations on agrotechnology in the Namangan Region for the cultivation of cereal, oilseed crops as a secondary crop after winter wheat. Namangan, - 2014.- 52 p.
3. National economy of Uzbekistan. Statistical Yearbook. Tashkent: "Uzbekistan", - 1986. - 74 p.
4. Agriculture in Uzbekistan. State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent: - 2016. - 150 p.
