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21DISTANCE LEARNING AS AN ATTRIBUTE OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Yasynska E.
Department of Social Medicine and Health Organization Higher State Educational Institution of Ukraine
«Bukovina State Medical University», Chernovtsy
Abstract
The article discusses and substantiates the organizational and pedagogical approaches to the use of the distance learning system in the process of professional training of students of higher educational institutions, describes modern information technologies and innovative teaching methods, as well as methodological and methodological problems of their implementation in the educational process.
Keywords: distance learning, information technology, self-education, e-learning courses, case technology, case method, network technology.
Over the past two decades, there has been a transition from traditional teaching to teaching based on computer technology. This became possible mainly with the development of the Internet, which made it possible to send the required number of melons from one end of the world to the other, freely conduct discussions with other network users online and post information on Internet sites, making it available to everyone. Modern information technologies make it possible to increase and improve the efficiency of the educational process. When reforming education in higher educational institutions, the concept of distance education is being progressively developed, which provides for the development of various technologies, including blended learning technologies. Distance education is a form of education that is equivalent to fulltime, evening, by correspondence and external studies, which is implemented mainly by distance learning technologies. Distance learning has a number of advantages over other forms of education. So, practically without leaving home or without leaving your workplace, you can maintain regular contact with the teacher using telecommunication technologies, including video communication, and receive structured educational material presented in electronic form. A part of the educational process of distance education, insignificant in time and volume, can be carried out in full-time form (passing exams, practical, laboratory work, etc.). High professionalism, desire for cooperation, self-affirmation and a high level of communication with colleagues are the main features of distance learning. Modern distance education is a ramified system of transferring knowledge at a distance using various means and technologies, which helps students obtain the necessary information for use in practical activities. Distance learning is a form of organization of the educational process and pedagogical technology, the basis of which is the controlled independent work of students and the widespread use of modern information and communication technologies in teaching.
Purpose: research of the features of the use of innovative and traditional teaching technologies in higher educational institutions in the context of the informatization of education.
Distance learning technologies consist of pedagogical and information technologies.
Characteristic features of distance learning:
• Flexibility of distance learning.
• Modularity. Students receiving distance education generally do not attend regular classes, but study at a convenient time and place. The distance education program is based on a modular principle; each individual course creates a holistic view of a separate subject area, which allows you to form a curriculum from a set of independent courses-modules that meets individual or group needs.
• Parallelism. Training is carried out simultaneously with professional activity (or with training in another direction), i.e. without interruption from production or other type of activity. Large audience Simultaneous access to many sources of educational information of a large number of pupils, students and listeners, communication through telecommunications between students and teachers Efficiency effective use of educational space and technical means, concentrated and unified presentation of information, use and development of computer modeling should lead to a decrease in the cost of training specialists. Manufacturability of using new achievements of information technologies in the educational process, contributing to the entry of a person into the world information space.
• Social equality equal opportunities to receive education regardless of place, state and social status.
• The quality of distance education is not inferior to the quality of full-time education, since the best teaching staff is involved in the preparation of didactic tools and the most modern materials are used; provides for the introduction of specialized quality control of distance education in accordance with educational standards.
If we consider the features of distance education from the point of view of communication between a teacher and a student, then we can determine its such characteristic features:
- self-education as the basis of distance learning, which provides for the student's motivation regarding their own learning, as well as a certain level of self-organization of the individual;
- communication between the teacher and the listener on a one-to-one basis, which corresponds to the form and content of an individual consultation;
-communication and interaction "one to one" does not exclude interaction "one to many", since the teacher, according to a pre-compiled schedule, works with many students at once. This form of interaction resembles traditional classroom teaching;
- "many-to-many" interaction means that simultaneous communication of many students is possible, exchanging experiences and impressions with each other.
E-learning courses are rational:
- expand the possibilities of traditional learning;
- make the educational process more diverse; - allow to increase the efficiency of independent work of students, the level of motivation for learning, to stimulate the development of their intellectual potential;
- automate the process of monitoring and assessing student achievement. Based on this, distance learning has a number of advantages over traditional education: advanced educational technologies, accessibility of information sources, individualization of training, a convenient system of counseling, democratic relations between a student and a teacher, a convenient schedule and place of work.
The introduction of distance technologies into the educational process is aimed at a deeper understanding of the educational material; the formation of such competencies as: communicative (direct communication using the means of the network), informational (search for information from different sources and the possibility of its critical comprehension), self-education (the ability to learn independently). As practice shows, if a student does not learn to make decisions on his own, determine the content of his educational activity and find ways to implement it, he will not be able to qualitatively master a particular discipline. In addition, distance learning also performs an educational function -it contributes to the formation of the leading qualities of a person: activity, independence, self-improvement, creativity.
At the present stage, due to the emergence of new information technologies, the following changes are observed in the education system:
• a formal approach to learning is being replaced by a cognitive one;
• one core course textbook is replaced by the ability to choose from a wide variety of information sources;
• the appearance of hypertext;
• the use of various technologies and exactly those that will bring the greatest benefit to students;
• teaching technologies should not replace each other, they should complement each other. Now we are talking about the use of free software for distance learning in higher education institutions (HEI). Indeed, recently in many countries of the world there has been a tendency to use it. This was facilitated by the fact that the level and quality have become much higher than a few years ago. Insufficient funding of educational institutions makes them look for solutions that make it possible to save money when buying equipment, and buying licensed software is a big problem. Especially now, when there is an opportunity to ensure the implementation of existing university programs solely on the basis of free software.
Distance learning programs are based on a modular principle. Each individual course content consists of several independent training modules (topics).
The curriculum for each course consists of the following parts:
• informative (computer lectures);
• reinforcing (practical training);
• controlling (tests and tasks).
Distance learning technology is a set of methods and means of teaching and management that ensure the conduct of the educational process at a distance of 39 on the basis of the use of modern information and telecommunication technologies. The following technologies now coexist:
- Case technology is a type of distance learning technology, the essence of which is the use of specific cases (situations, stories, texts called "case") for the joint analysis of discussion or development of decisions by students from a specific section of the academic discipline. The value of this technology lies in the fact that it simultaneously reflects not only a practical problem, but also actualizes a certain set of knowledge that must be learned when solving this problem, and also successfully combines educational, analytical and educational activities, of course, it is effective in the implementation of modern tasks of the system. education.
For the effective use of the case method, it is necessary to create special conditions:
1. Providing a sufficiently high complexity of cognitive problems that students need to solve.
2. Creation by the teacher of a logical series of questions on the cognitive problem, encouraging students to search for the truth.
3. Special time to think about ways to solve the problem.
4. Organization of special training of teachers for the implementation of the methodology. -
TV technology is a type of distance learning technology based on the use of television systems to deliver educational and methodological materials to students and organize regular consultations with teachers (tutors).
Network technology is a type of distance learning technology based on the use of telecommunication networks to provide students with educational and methodological materials and interactive interaction with a teacher (tutor). The rational use of the study time allotted for the study of a specific topic (including the hours provided for the curricula of higher educational institutions, as hours for individual and independent work of students) creates opportunities for the introduction of such a form of study as tutorials.
Tutorials are one of the main components of the educational process in distance learning, which uses a set of methods and approaches to learning, focused on the needs of students. This component becomes important in the daytime form of education, given the reduction in the number of classroom hours. The need to improve the efficiency of using the time of practical training leads to the introduction of new forms of their conduct. Tutorials were first introduced into the distance education system by the Open University of Great Britain and are its mandatory full-time component. In the case of distance learning, a tutor assigned to a group of students combines the qualities of a teacher, consultant and manager of the educational process. He conducts 40 tutorials, checks current test assignments, evaluates them, constantly consults the students of the
group, manages the forum on the Internet. For the fulltime form of training, it is advisable to use tutorials as a final lesson, during which students deepen their knowledge from one section of the course. Preparation for tutorials consists in studying (or reviewing) the educational material. To guide independent work, the teacher develops special methodological recommendations and recommends appropriate textbooks to students. Tutorials last at least 4 academic hours. It should be emphasized that the distance course, in comparison with traditional education, requires more flexibility, detailed development of the content, careful planning, and support of students. To create your own distance courses, the teacher must be able to: determine the goals and objectives of studying the distance course; determine through testing the previous level of knowledge of students; divide educational information into separate blocks; consistently submit information according to a certain logic; compose questions to consolidate the content of the distance course; develop recommendations for the design of a distance course and its individual parts; keep the students motivated and interested in working with this course. Distance learning helps students and teachers to improve the efficiency of the learning process. keep the students motivated and interested in working with this course. Distance learning helps students and teachers to improve the effectiveness of the learning process. keep the students motivated and interested in working with this course. Distance learning helps students and teachers to improve the efficiency of the learning process.
Conclusions: the use of these tools in the development of distance learning systems will provide quick access to electronic educational materials and a high level of telecommunications during the development of knowledge.
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