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SHARIKOV Valentin Ivanovich and others
DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL...
Azimut of Scientific Research: Economics and Administration. 2021. T.10. №4(37)p-ISSN: 2309-1762; e-ISSN: 2712-8482
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НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕКРЕАЦИОННОГО ТУРИЗМА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ
© Автор(ы) 2021 SPIN: 3378-3292 AuthorlD: 723090 ResearcherlD: AAV-1369-2021 ORCID: 0000-0003-2557-5153 ScopusID: 57191727504
ШАРИКОВ Валентин Иванович, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры
«Туризм и гостиничное дело», Российский государственный университет физической культуры, спорта, молодёжи (105122, Россия, г. Москва, Сиреневый бульвар, 4, [email protected])
SPIN: 3849-3504 AuthorID: 664180 ResearcherID: ABB-2488-2020 ORCID: 0000-0003-2681-0661 ScopusID: 57211713391
БЕЛОМЕСТНОВА Маргарита Евгеньевна, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры
«Туризм и гостиничное дело», Российский государственный университет физической культуры, спорта, молодёжи (105122, Россия, г. Москва, Сиреневый бульвар, 4, [email protected])
SPIN: 5526-0017 AuthorID: 738079 ResearcherID: AAP-5069-2021 ORCID: 0000-0002-3993-3751 ScopusID: 57195485155
ИВАНОВА Ирина Юрьевна, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры
«Педагогика и психология детства» Южно-Уральский государственный гуманитарно-педагогический университет (454080, Россия, Челябинск, пр. Ленина, 69, e-mail: [email protected]) Аннотация. Развитие туризма в России является одной из приоритетных задач государства, что выражается в разработке и реализации долгосрочных программ экономического и социального характера. В условиях пандемии сфера туризма и гостеприимства оказалась в глубоком кризисе. Необходимы эффективные организационно-экономические и противоэпидемиологические меры государственной поддержки данной сферы. Поэтому необходимо решать проблемы развития внутреннего и въездного туризма в России за счёт установления необходимых организационно-экономических условий и инструментов развития рекреационного туризма. Рекреационный туризм является массовым видом туризма и рассматривается как передвижение туристов в свободное время в целях отдыха, необходимого для восстановления физических и душевных сил. В статье определяются необходимые организационно-экономические условия и инструменты развития внутреннего и въездного туризма на основе совершенствования рекреационного туризма в России. Оценка текущего состояния внутреннего и въездного туризма в России осуществляется с помощью метода анализа обобщающих статистических показателей Росстата. В соответствии с международной статистической методологией и рекомендациями UNWTO проведено сравнение распределения численности российских и иностранных туристов по целям поездок: рекреация; социальные цели; лечение и оздоровительные процедуры; религиозные цели; деловые цели; посещение магазинов и прочие цели. Рассмотрены некоторые инструменты достижения целей развития туризма в России на период до 2035 г. Развитие внутреннего и въездного туризма следует осуществлять на основе системного подхода к организации отдыха и оздоровления туристов, а также оказания качественных туристских услуг. Необходимо применять эффективные меры по увеличению доступности туристских услуг для некоторых категорий туристов. Следует совершенствовать меры государственного регулирования и финансирования рекреационного туризма за счёт применения налоговых льгот для туристских организаций, занимающихся рекреационным туризмом внутри страны. Необходимо использовать субсидирование перевозок транспортными компаниями отдельных категорий туристов. Для продвижения туристского бренда России за рубежом необходимо применять современные информационные технологии и маркетинговые инструменты.
Ключевые слова: туристская деятельность, сервис, рекреация, рекреационный туризм, туристские ресурсы, рекреационный сектор.
DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL TOURISM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
IN MODERN CONDITIONS
© The Author(s) 2021
SHARIKOV Valentin Ivanovich, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of
Tourism and Hotel Business
Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism, (105122, 4, Sireneviy boulevard, Moscow, Russia, [email protected]) BELOMESTNOVA Margarita Evgenevna, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of
Tourism and Hotel Business Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism, (105122, 4, Sireneviy boulevard, Moscow, Russia, [email protected]) IVANOVA Irina Yuryevna, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department
«Pedagogy and psychology of childhood» South Ural State Humanitarian-Pedagogical University (454080, Russia, Chelyabinsk, Lenin Ave., 69, e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. The development of tourism in Russia is one of the priority tasks of the state, which is expressed in the devel-306 OECD: 5.02 Economics and business; ASJC: 2000; WoS Subject Categories: GY, PC
Азимут научных исследований: экономика и управление.
2021. Т.10 №4(37)p-ISSN: 2309-1762; e-ISSN: 2712-8482
ШАРИКОВ Валентин Иванович и другие НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕКРЕАЦИОННОГО...
opment and implementation of long-term programs of an economic and social nature. In a pandemic, the tourism and hospitality industry is in deep crisis. There is a need for effective organizational, economic and anti-epidemiological measures of state support in this area. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problems of the development of domestic and inbound tourism in Russia by establishing the necessary organizational and economic conditions and tools for the development of recreational tourism. Recreational tourism is a mass type of tourism and is considered as the movement of tourists in their free time for the purpose of recreation, necessary to restore physical and mental strength. The article defines the necessary organizational and economic conditions and tools for the development of domestic and inbound tourism on the basis of improving recreational tourism in Russia. The assessment of the current state of domestic and inbound tourism in Russia is carried out using the method of analysis of generalizing statistical indicators of Rosstat. In accordance with international statistical methodology and UNWTO recommendations, a comparison was made of the distribution of the number of Russian and foreign tourists by purpose of travel: recreation; social goals; treatment and wellness procedures; religious purposes; business goals; shopping and other purposes. Some tools for achieving the goals of tourism development in Russia for the period up to 2035 are considered. The development of domestic and inbound tourism should be carried out on the basis of a systematic approach to organizing recreation and recreation of tourists, as well as providing high-quality tourist services. It is necessary to apply effective measures to increase the availability of tourist services for certain categories of tourists. It is necessary to improve measures of state regulation and financing of recreational tourism through the application of tax incentives for tourism organizations engaged in recreational tourism within the country. It is necessary to use subsidies for transportation by transport companies of certain categories of tourists. To promote the tourist brand of Russia abroad, it is necessary to use modern information technologies and marketing tools.
Keywords: tourist activity, service, recreation, recreational tourism, tourist resources, recreational sector
INTRODUCTION
In Russia tourism is defined as temporary trips (travel) of tourists from a permanent place of residence for various purposes (medical and health-improving, recreational, educational, sports, professional and business, etc.) without engaging in paid activities in the country (place) of temporary stay.
Tourism as a type of economic activity has a multiplier effect, i.e. promotes, directly or indirectly, the development of related related sectors of the economy (according to various estimates, within 53 sectors of the economy), promotes employment of the population and the receipt of additional tax payments by the budget [1; 2; 3; 4].
In addition to the economic aspect, tourism also contributes to the recreation of a person (tourist), i.e. restoration of his personality in three main aspects: physiological, psychological (development of creative abilities, establishing contact with people) and cognitive (pedagogical), through the study of natural objects and attractions.
In these conditions, when the purpose of a tourist trip is the recreation of a tourist, we should talk about the so-called recreational tourism [5]. There is a problem of developing domestic and inbound tourism in Russia by establishing the necessary organizational and economic conditions and tools for the development of recreational tourism.
Recreational tourism is much more developed in countries that occupy huge areas, have a variety of natural resources, a high level of development of tourist infrastructure [6; 7; 8; 9].
Thus, recreational tourism should be considered as the movement of tourists in their free time in order to rest necessary to restore their physical and mental strength. In most countries, recreational tourism is the most popular type of tourism [10].
Depending on the purpose of the trip, recreational tourism can be conditionally divided into educational-tourist and tourist-health-improving type of tourism. Our country has all the necessary conditions and tourist and recreational resources (cultural, historical, natural, resort, etc.) for the successful development of recreational tourism.
In other words, recreational tourism is tourism whose purpose is recreation, treatment and other health-improving purposes (while sports activities and leisure activities are possible). This type of tourism, with a certain degree of assumption, can conditionally include other types of tourism (educational, environmental, adventure, sports, excursion). Recreational tourism can be conditionally divided into tourism and recreation and educational and tourism [11].
At the same time, the most important factor in the development of recreation and tourism is the availability of recreational potential [12].
In the context of the pandemic, the tourism and hospital-
ity industry is in deep crisis. Effective organizational, economic and anti-epidemiological measures of state support in this area are required. Among other things, such measures, in our opinion, must include economic and tax measures to support travel agencies, as well as measures aimed at supporting employees of travel agencies and potential tourists.
The disadvantages of the tourist and recreational complex include an insufficient level of material and technical support for the tourism industry and scientific and personnel support for projects of tourist and recreational clusters [13]. It is necessary to support tourism universities that train personnel for the tourism sector (allocation of budget places, financing), develop programs for advanced training and retraining of employees in this area.
Formation of the goals of the article (setting the task.) Summarizing the above, we will formulate the purpose of the article - to consider the problem of organizing recreational tourism as a factor in the development of domestic and inbound tourism in Russia.
Materials and methods. To determine the organizational and economic conditions and tools for the development of domestic and inbound tourism on the basis of improving recreational tourism, indicators of tourism statistics of the federal, regional and local levels of government and the method of analysis of generalizing statistical indicators are used.
To compare the distribution of the number of foreign and Russian citizens by purpose of travel, accommodated in hotels, in accordance with the international statistical methodology and recommendations of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the following types of travel are distinguished depending on the purpose of the trip: recreation (vacation, leisure and rest); social goals (education and training); treatment and wellness procedures; religious (pilgrimage purposes); business and professional goals; shopping and other purposes.
Results. To establish current trends in the development of domestic and inbound tourism in Russia, data from the Strategy for the Development of Tourism in Russia for the period up to 2035 are used, the main objectives of which are:
- comprehensive development of domestic and inbound tourism by creating conditions for the formation and promotion of a tourist product that is competitive in the domestic and world markets;
- strengthening the social role of tourism, increasing the availability of tourist services, recreation and health improvement for all residents of the country.
At the same time, it is planned to double the number of domestic tourist trips per inhabitant, increase the export of tourist services and investments in tourism three times.
It should be noted that 6 priority types of tourism have been identified, for the development of which special measures of state support will be formed by removing adminis-
SHARIKOV Valentin Ivanovich and others
DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL...
Azimut of Scientific Research: Economics and Administration. 2021. T.10. №4(37)p-ISSN: 2309-1762; e-ISSN: 2712-8482
trative and socio-economic barriers. These priority types of tourism include the following types of tourism: cultural and educational, children's, ecological, ski, cruise, business.
In essence, most of these types of tourism, to one degree or another, contribute to the tourist's recreation, i.e. Therefore, in order to develop proposals for the development of recreational tourism, we will consider its current state in our country, we will identify the organizational and economic conditions for the development of the above types of tourism.
Let us analyze, in accordance with the UNWTO methodology, the distribution of the number of Russian and foreign citizens accommodated in hotels in Russia in 2018.
In fig. 1 shows the structure of travel goals for Russian citizens for 2018, accommodated in hotels in our country.
Analysis of Fig. 1 shows that the largest number of Russian tourists staying in hotels traveled for recreational purposes (vacation, leisure, recreation). This suggests that recreational tourism in this context is the most widespread type of tourism. In second place is business tourism (business and professional goals). The share of health-improving and religious tourism is insignificant.
Figure 1. Distribution of the number of accommodated Russian citizens by purpose of travel in hotels in 2018, % [14] The structure of the purposes of trips of foreign citizens to Russia in 2018, staying in hotels, in general, remains the same with changes in quantitative indicators for the purposes of travel (Fig. 2).
Figure 2. Distribution of the number of foreign citizens by purpose of travel accommodated in hotels in 2018, % [14]
Fig. 2 shows that foreign citizens mainly come to Russia for the purpose of recreational tourism, followed by business tourism (professional goals), shopping (other purposes), education (professional retraining), health tourism (0.2%), religious tourism (0.1%).
Thus, the goals of travel in Russia are generally the same for Russian and foreign tourists.
If we talk about statistics of inbound tourism, then in 2019 Russia was visited by 30 million people, including 5 million people from far abroad. Compared to 2018, the increase in foreign tourist traffic was 11-14% [16].
From 2021, Russia will introduce electronic visas (consular fee - $ 40) for tourists from 52 countries, which will contribute to the development of inbound tourism in the future after the end of the pandemic.
In particular, the e-visa will be valid throughout our country, the period of stay of foreign citizens will increase to 16 days. A visa can now be issued online for business, tourist, humanitarian and guest trips. To obtain a visa, invitations, hotel reservations or other documents confirming the purpose of travel are no longer required [16].
Conclusion. Thus, the development of recreational tourism in Russia should be carried out from the standpoint of a systematic approach by creating the necessary organiza-
tional and economic conditions for the formation and promotion of a competitive tourism product within the framework of domestic and inbound tourism. At the same time, it is necessary to take measures to increase the availability of recreation, health improvement and tourist services for the inhabitants of our country. In particular, create conditions for the development of social and children's tourism.
In Russia, a law on the development of social tourism has not yet been adopted, as, for example, in other countries. There are no necessary tools and measures to support organizations involved in recreation and health improvement (recreation) of some categories of citizens of our country (pensioners, disabled people, children, large families, etc.).
In these conditions, the role of legal regulation and state financing of programs for the development of recreational tourism at the federal, regional and local levels is growing. It is necessary, in our opinion, to apply tax incentives for tourist organizations engaged in recreational tourism (recreation and health improvement) within the country.
An important measure of support can be the subsidizing of transportation by transport companies of certain categories of tourists (pensioners, children, disabled people, families with low income, etc.).
In a pandemic, it is necessary to apply additional measures to ensure the safety of tourists on tourist routes, in accommodation facilities, in transport when transporting tourists. At the same time, an important issue is the improvement of educational standards (programs) for the training of specialists in the tourism industry (employees of travel agencies, tour guides, guide-translators).
To promote the tourism brand of our country abroad, it is necessary to use modern information technologies and marketing tools, develop information resources and digital services for recreational tourism (mobile applications, electronic guides, audio and video guides).
In the conditions of the crisis, it is advisable to take measures to support employment in the tourism sector, develop programs for advanced training and retraining of tourism workers. In general, it is necessary to stimulate consumer demand for recreational tourism programs, which will help increase the supply of recreational tourism programs in our country.
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Азимут научных исследований: экономика и управление.
2021. Т.10 №4(37)p-ISSN: 2309-1762; e-ISSN: 2712-8482
ШАРИКОВ Валентин Иванович и другие НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕКРЕАЦИОННОГО...
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Статья поступила в редакцию 28.07.2021 Статья принята к публикации 27.11.2021
