CC BY
8Shakhnoza FAYZIEVA
Associate Professor of the National University of Uzbekistan Zilola SHERALIYEVA National University of Uzbekistan, Student of the Faculty of Economics
DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
IN UZBEKISTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY
Researchers study the development of society in three stages. The first stage is the primary stage, where agriculture is developed and manual labor is high, the second stage is industrialization, at which stage society moves on the path of industrial development. Industrial development is accelerating. Modern tools and equipment will appear and the technical and technological support of production will be improved. The third stage is the postindustrial stage of social development. Developed countries are leading in the way. After that, all countries will move to the third stage of social development. In the structure of the economy, not only the manufacturing sector, but also the services sector will be given priority. In the structure of the economy, the service sector will be a priority. The acceleration of the development of the services sector has led to the emergence of the digital economy.
Today, modern information technologies are rapidly entering the service sector. These serious changes show that society does not stand still, the need to develop the service sector. The level of computerization and coverage of the industry has increased. As a result, people's lives have become easier. People began to live in a kind of renewed consumer society. These serious changes show that society does not stand still, the need to develop the service sector. These dramatic changes show that society is not standing still, that the manufacturing sector is rapidly being replaced by the services sector, and that it is gaining ground.
In a digital society, information and IT technologies play a key role. Digital technologies further simplify the way people to use different services. The digital economy is a major enemy of corruption and the black economy. Because numbers seal everything, store it in memory, and provide information quickly when needed. In such a situation, it is impossible not to hide any information, to make secret transactions, not to give full information about this or that activity, the computer will show everything. As a result, it is impossible to launder "dirty money", steal money, spend it inefficiently and purposelessly, exaggerate or hide it. This will increase the flow of legal funds into the economy, taxes will be paid in time and correctly, budget allocations will be transparent, and so on.
The government's choice to develop the digital economy opens up new avenues in the field of information technology and electronic document management in general. The shift to digital technology has been fueled by the development of the World Wide Web and quality communications. In his Address to the Senate and the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev declared 2020 the Year of Science, Enlightenment and the Digital Economy.
The digital revolution, which is emerging as a new stage of economic and technological development, has dramatically changed the lives of human beings, created more opportunities and intensified international competition. The term "digital economy" was first coined in 1995 in Don Tepcott's Digital Economy: Promises and Risks in the Age of Network Intelligence. It highlights the key components of the digital economy: fundamental innovations, key technologies, and connective infrastructure [1]. The term is now used by politicians, economists, journalists and entrepreneurs around the world. In 2016, the World Bank published the first report on the state of the global digital economy ("Digital Dividends").
In fact, we are all already in the digital economy, taking advantage of its conveniences. For example, our monthly salary goes to plastic cards, we pay for utilities, telephone, internet and other products and services electronically, file tax returns electronically, transfer money from card to card, order food at home, and so on.
Digital economics is used to express the expression of two different concepts. First, the digital economy is a modern stage of development characterized by the predominance of the benefits of creative labor and information. Second, the digital economy is a unique concept, the object of study of which is the information society. In today's fast-paced global economy, the digital economy is in its infancy, and the transition to the digital information age is only a few decades away. In general, the digital economy is a digital environment that allows us to significantly increase the efficiency of storage, sales and delivery of various industries, technologies, equipment, goods and services based on the analysis and large-scale data processing results' use.
The data in the view is the activity that is the main factor of production. In the future of modern development, large-scale data processing technologies, artificial intelligence, neurotechnology, quantum technology, Internet of Things, robotics and sensory, digital electronic platforms, cloud and mobile technologies, virtual and augmented reality technologies, crowdsourcing, blockchain technologies, cryptocurrencies and digital technologies such as ICO, 3D technologies are playing a crucial role. Thus, the main features of the digital economy are: high degree of automation; electronic document exchange; electronic integration of accounting and
management systems; electronic databases; Availability of CRM (customer relationship system).
The advantages of the digital economy are corporate networks: reduced costs for payments (for example, travel to the bank and other resources saved), more and faster information about goods and services, access to the goods and services global market. In the digital world goods and services will be rapidly improved due to the large output opportunities, the rapid acquisition of feedback (consumer opinion).
One of the brightest examples of the development of digital platforms is the Chinese company Alibaba, which has an e-commerce system. Experience has shown that the process of data collection creates a very competitive advantage for expansion into different sectors of the economy. Alibaba is not just a digital platform, but a platform ecosystem. It is estimated that the digital economy will bring unprecedented changes in more than half of the existing sectors. For example, according to World Bank experts, a 10% increase in the number of high-speed Internet users will increase the total volume of national economies by an average of 0.4-1.4% annually. The growth rate of the global digital economy is almost 20% per year. In developed countries, the share of the digital economy in GDP has reached 7%.
They are already reaping the benefits of the digital economy. In particular, the United States exports more than $ 400 billion a year in digital services. More than 5% of the country's GDP is directly related to the Internet and information and telecommunications technologies. By 2025, the U.S. will receive an additional $20 trillion dollars in revenue, which is expected from the digitalization of industry. Such economic efficiency is particularly high in consumer goods production ($10.3 trillion), the automotive industry ($3.8 trillion) and logistics ($3.9 trillion). According to various studies, the share of the digital economy in the world economy ranges from 4.5% to 15.5%.
The United States and the People's Republic of China account for nearly 40 percent of the value added in the global ICT sector and 75 percent of blockchain technology patents. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the figure for several major technology companies and digital platforms rose from 16 percent in 2009 to 56 percent by the end of 2018. In the process of such rapid changes in the world community and the intensification of competition, it is true that without the widespread introduction of innovations and digital technologies, we will not be able to sustainably develop the economy and ensure its competitiveness in the near and long term.
In this regard, in recent years, as part of comprehensive reforms to radically modernize the national economy of Uzbekistan, a number of measures have been taken to introduce digital technologies in the socio-
economic life of the country and public administration. In particular, the adoption of the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-3832 of July 3, 2018 "On measures to develop the digital economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan" is an important step in the development of the digital economy. The most important development tasks have been identified: introduction of crypto-asset turnover activities, including mining, smart contracting, consulting, issuance, exchange, storage, distribution, management, insurance, crowdfunding technologies to diversify various forms of investment and business activities; training of qualified personnel with good understanding of modern information and communication technologies in the field of development and use of blockchain technologies, as well as the involvement of highly qualified foreign specialists; comprehensive development of cooperation with international and foreign organizations in the field of crypto-assets and blockchain technologies, as well as the creation of the necessary legal framework, taking into account the best international practices; ensuring close cooperation between government agencies and businesses in the implementation of innovative ideas, technologies and developments for the further development of the digital economy [2].
The introduction of e-government in Uzbekistan is an integral part of the development of the digital economy, the main purpose of which is to simplify the transition to administrative procedures, improve the quality of life, improve the investment and business environment. In order to achieve the set goals, as well as to achieve the goal of developing a digital society in the country, creating favorable opportunities for the population and entrepreneurs, developing an effective and transparent system of public administration free from bureaucratic barriers and corruption, a national concept of "digital economy" is being developed, which envisages modernization on the basis of digital technologies, and it is expected that through the development of the digital economy it will be possible to increase GDP by an additional 30%.
The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoyev's January 24, 2020 Address to the Oliy Majlis, which called for 2020 the Year of Science, Enlightenment and the Digital Economy, confirmed the beginning of a historic turning point in Uzbekistan's life in line with global development. In the context of globalization and technological development of the world economy, it is difficult to imagine the economic development of Uzbekistan without a digital economy. According to the study, by 2022, a quarter of global GDP will be in the digital sector.
However, the fact that Uzbekistan ranks 103rd out of more than 170 countries in the International Information and Communication Technologies Development Index shows that there are still many unresolved issues and
work to be done in this area. gives Digital technologies not only improve the quality of products and services, they reduce unnecessary costs. At the same time, they are an effective tool in overcoming the scourge of corruption, which is one of the biggest worries and annoyances. We all need to understand this deeply. Public and social governance, as well as the social sphere, can increase productivity and, in a word, dramatically improve people's lives through the widespread introduction of digital technologies" [3].
It should be noted that many parts of the digital economy in Uzbekistan are already successfully operating. For example, given the mass transfer of documents and communications to digital media, the issuance of electronic signatures and communication with the state are also being transferred to electronic platforms. According to UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres, "the digital economy can pose new threats, including threats to cybersecurity, easing of illegal economic activity, and breaches of privacy. Making new decisions requires the concerted action of governments, civil society, academia, the scientific community and the technology sector."
In order to expand the scale of the digital economy, it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation as much as possible. It is gratifying to note that as a result of effective measures taken in the field of information security in Uzbekistan in 2019, the global cybersecurity index rose by 41 places to 52nd place. In order to further develop the digital economy, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev on October 5, 2020 signed a decree "On approval of the Strategy Digital Uzbekistan - 2030 "and measures for its effective implementation." According to the decree: the strategy "Digital Uzbekistan - 2030" and the "road map" for its implementation; Development of programs for digital transformation of regions and networks in 2020-2022, introduction of more than 400 information systems, electronic services and other software products in various areas, including in various areas of socio-economic development of regions in the specified years. According to the decree, digital transformation projects will be implemented in 29 model districts (cities) in 2020 and by the end of the first quarter of 2021.
From November 1, 2020, at least 5% of investment projects and funds of international financial institutions, foreign government financial institutions and donor countries will be directed to "digital" components. According to the decree, the project "Digital Office" will be implemented in the development of information technology and communications, as well as in the Ministries of Justice and their subordinate organizations. The project will digitize all administrative procedures and operational processes, including the organization of paperless electronic document exchange and record keeping
by January 1, 2022. From August 1, 2021, it will be possible to pay state duties, fees, fines and other mandatory payments online [4].
In conclusion, the qualitative development of economic sectors, the social sphere and the system of public administration in the current period and the near future of human development is directly related to the widespread introduction of digital technologies. The prospects for the development of Uzbekistan also depend on the development of the digital economy and the level of coverage of digital technologies[5].
To achieve this, it is necessary to list the following main conditions and priorities for the development of the digital economy:
- the creation of an institutional environment and digital infrastructure for the sustainable operation of digital technologies, public services, real sector of the economy, health widespread introduction of digital technologies in the field of storage, state cadaster and other areas, as well as the gradual provision of the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the level of developed countries with full coverage of the Internet with access to the global network;
- expanding the scope of training and retraining of qualified programmers and engineers with in-depth knowledge in these areas, modern information technologies that fully meet international standards at all stages of the education system teaching including the successful implementation of the "1 million programmers" project with foreign partners;
- Strengthen the scientific and theoretical base in the field of digital economy and support scientific activities in this area with the targeted use of funds from the Digital Trust Fund;
- to hold seminars, courses and other events in educational institutions in order to promote and expand "digital literacy" among the population, to involve them in the adoption of information technology;
- strengthening the regulatory framework and improving the legislation in the field of digital economy, as well as the concept of "startups", the creation of a legal framework for their financing through venture funds;
- to create a labor market that meets the requirements of the digital economy and increase its mobility, to improve the skills of specialists for the rapid adoption of new technologies;
- strengthening international cooperation in the field of digital economy, implementation of joint projects with leading international technology companies, including the establishment of modern research and production laboratories for innovative developments.
International experience shows that today digital technologies are developing rapidly, mainly in the scientific community and the private sector. Therefore, the state should create a favorable ecosystem by supporting innovative projects and IT companies in these areas. The government will
also support modern methods of digital education in support of innovation and digital ecosystems, develop standards for effective regulation of innovative services, assist in the development of new markets and reduce the risks of deepening technological processes. It is advisable to take measures. Because today, users are actively using Telegram bots to order food.
List of used literature:
1. O'zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Sh.M. Mirziyoyevning 2020 yil 24 yanvardagi Oliy Majlisga yo'llagan Murojaatnomasi.
2. O'zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Sh.M. Mirziyoyevning "O'zbekiston Respublikasida raqamli iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirish chora-tadbirlari to'g'risida"gi 2018 yil 3 iyuldagi PQ-3832-sonli qarori.
3. O'zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Sh.M. Mirziyoyevning "Raqamli O'zbekiston - 2030" strategiyasini tasdiqlash va uni samarali amalga oshirish chora-tadbirlari to'g'risida"gi 2020-yil 5 oktyabrdagi PF-6079-sonli farmoni.
4. Don Tepkott. The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril in the Age of Networked Intelligence.1995 y.
5. Хaшимoв П.З., Фaхриддинoвa З.Ф. Узбекистана рaкaмли и^тигодиётни ривoжлaнтириш истикбoллaри // Экoнoмикa и финaнсы (Узбекистaн), 2020 №3. Б.157-164
6. www.wikipedia.org
7. www.stat.uz
8. www.lex.uz
