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STUPINA Alena Alexandrovna and others DIGITALIZATION А8 THE MAIN VECTOR OF THE...
Azimut of Scientific Research: Economics and Administration. 2021. T.10. №4(37)p-ISSN: 2309-1762; e-ISSN: 2712-8482
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ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ КАК ОСНОВНОЙ ВЕКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО
СЕКТОРА
© Автор(ы) 2021 SPIN: 4443-9854 AuthorID: 156091 ORCID: 0000-0002-5564-9267 ScopusID: 57193316817
СТУПИНА Алена Александровна, доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры экономики и
информационных технологий менеджмента
Сибирский федеральный университет (660049, Россия, Красноярск, проспект Свободный, 79, e-mail: [email protected] SPIN: 4348-8340 AuthorID: 45717521 ORCID: 0000-0002-1033-3621 ScopusID: 572111599
РОЖКОВА Алена Викторовна, магистр кафедры экономики и информационных технологий менеджмента
Сибирский федеральный университет (660049, Россия, Красноярск, проспект Свободный, 79, e-mail: [email protected] SPIN: 2775-1664 AuthorID: 829280 ORCID: 0000-0002-6640-9656 ScopusID: 57211156075
ОЛЕНЦОВА Юлия Анатольевна, магистр кафедры экономики и информационных технологий менеджмента
Сибирский федеральный университет (660049, Россия, Красноярск, проспект Свободный, 79, e-mail: [email protected]) SPIN: 9878-3594 ORCID: 0000-0002-1790-9873
РОЖКОВ Сергей Евгеньевич, магистр кафедры экономики и информационных технологий менеджмента
Сибирский федеральный университет (660049, Россия, Красноярск, проспект Свободный, 79, e-mail: [email protected] Аннотация. В статье рассматривается проблема повышения эффективности сельскохозяйственного сектора при помощи цифровых технологий. В настоящее время цифровизация является наиболее актуальной проблемой, с которой сталкиваются многие производители АПК, поэтому основной тенденцией в стратегии развития РФ является цифровизация. Определена значимость цифровизации для эффективного развития сельскохозяйственного сектора. Необходимость цифровизации сельскохозяйственного сектора очевидна: реализация принципов цифровых технологий позволит создать цифровую среду, которая будет соответствовать современным реалиям и в целом позволит повысить эффективность производства. В работе проанализирован зарубежный опыт цифровизации сельского хозяйства в США, Франции, Канаде, Великобритании. Рассмотрены преимущества и потенциал развития цифровых технологий для контроля точности внесения удобрений, прогнозирования неблагоприятных природных явлений, повышения качества выращивания продуктов и более открытого взаимодействия фермеров и потребителей, уменьшения затрат ресурсов, повышения доходности ферм. Оценены возможности и препятствия реализации сквозных технологий в ведомственном проекте «Цифровое сельское хозяйство». В целом основные причины связаны с отсутствием взаимоотношений между правительством и бизнесом к этим проблемам. Определены две тенденции во внедрении цифровых технологий, которые направлены на повышение эффективности фермерского бизнеса, повышение их интереса и резкое увеличение стоимости.
Ключевые слова: цифровизация, сельское хозяйство, информационные технологии, агропромышленный комплекс, цифровые технологии, цифровая экономика, инновационные технологии.
DIGITALIZATION А8 THE MAIN VECTOR OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
© The Author(s) 2021
STUPINA Alena Alexandrovna, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department "Economics and Information Technologies of Management" Siberian federal university (660049, Russia, Krasnoyarsk, 79, Svobodny prospect, e-mail: [email protected] ROZHKOVA Alena Victorovna, a master degree student of the Department "Economics and Information Technologies of Management" Siberian federal university (660049, Russia, Krasnoyarsk, 79, Svobodny prospect, e-mail: [email protected] OLENTSOVA Julia Anatolievna, a master degree student of the Department "Economics and Information Technologies of Management" Siberian federal university (660049, Russia, Krasnoyarsk, 79, Svobodny prospect, e-mail: [email protected]) ROZHKOV Sergey Evgenievich, a master degree student of the Department "Economics and Information Technologies of Management" Siberian federal university (660049, Russia, Krasnoyarsk, 79, Svobodny prospect, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The article deals with the problem of increasing the efficiency of the agricultural sector with the help of digital technologies. Currently, digitalization is the most urgent problem faced by many agricultural producers, so the main trend in the development strategy of the Russian Federation is digitalization. The importance of digitalization for the effective development of the agricultural sector is determined. The need for digitalization of the agricultural sector is obvious: the implementation of digital technologies principles will create a digital environment that will meet modern realities and, in general, will increase production efficiency. The paper analyzes the foreign experience of agriculture digitalization in the 250 OECD: 5.02 Economics and business; ASJC: 2000; WoS Subject Categories: GY, PC
Азимут научных исследований: экономика и управление.
2021. Т.10 №4(37)p-ISSN: 2309-1762; e-ISSN: 2712-8482
СТУПИНА Алена Александровна и другие ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ КАК ОСНОВНОЙ ВЕКТОР...
USA, France, Canada, and Great Britain. The advantages and potential for the development of digital technologies for monitoring the accuracy of fertilizer application, forecasting adverse natural phenomena, improving the quality of growing products and more open interaction between farmers and consumers, reducing resource costs, increasing the profitability of farms are considered. The possibilities and obstacles to the implementation of end-to-end technologies in the departmental project "Digital Agriculture" are evaluated. In general, the main reasons are related to the lack of relationship between the government and business to these problems. Two trends in the introduction of digital technologies have been identified, which are aimed at improving the efficiency of the farming business, increasing their interest and a sharp increase in cost.
Keywords: digitalization, agriculture, information technologies, agro-industrial complex, digital technologies, digital economy; innovative technologies.
INTRODUCTION
Problem definition in general form and its connection with important scientific and practical tasks. Recently, digital, information and telecommunications sources have become widespread in Russia, as well as active digitalization of the processes in various spheres of society.
Today, digital technologies cover most areas, in agriculture, the strategic industry in Russia, especially. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation is implementing the "Digital Agriculture" project, which sets a vector goal: that digital technology contribute to doubling the productivity of the agro-food economy by 2024. The digital transformation of agriculture requires experts with new knowledge, as well as new "smart solutions" that will help them achieve their goal [1-3].
The project includes the national digital agriculture management platform "Digital Agriculture", the module "Agricultural Solutions", as well as the department of the environment for electronic education "Land of Knowledge". In addition to creating the above products, the project also includes the training of agricultural experts to develop their skills in the digital economy. Together, these services collect all the information about the agricultural production process, from the smallest details of production to solving global problems in the agricultural sector as a whole. This will bring agriculture to a new level of development and will help to realize technological breakthroughs.
Today, the use of IT in agriculture is not only the use of computers. Digital technologies help to control the entire cycle of crop production or animal husbandry - "smart" devices measure and transmit parameters such as soil, plants, and microclimate. All this data from sensors, drones and other devices is analyzed by special programs. Mobile or online applications help farmers and agronomists to determine favorable times for planting or harvesting, calculate fertilizer schemes, predict the harvest and much more.
Analysis of recent researches and publications. Currently, the priority direction for the development of the agricultural economy is the introduction of innovative technologies and digitalization. The role of digitalization in the agriculture is reflected in the works of Avdeeva I. L., Revenko N. S., Kozubenko I. S., Tsvetkova V. A., Shutkova A. A. [4-6]. The effectiveness of the digitalization in the agro-industrial complex using has not been fully studied, which determined the relevance and choice of the research topic.
About 70% of farms in the United States, Canada and Europe already use "smart" technologies for agriculture. Russian farmers are far from such indicators, but the demand for the "figure" is growing. According to experts, digitaliza-tion will help the Russian agro-industrial complex to make a powerful leap forward.
The Ministry of Agriculture is actively working in this direction. Last year, the industry project "Digital Agriculture" was developed for implementation until 2024. Its main goal is to achieve the digital transformation of agriculture through the introduction of digital technologies and platforms to ensure technological breakthroughs in agro-industrial complexes and achieve productivity growth.
The project also involves active interaction with other federal executive authorities and their services, which will help them to receive additional information and update it in a timely manner. Thanks to the established interaction, the platform, as a simple information space in the field of agri-
culture, should perform the tasks of planning and forecasting production activities, which help timely identification of problems that hinder or "block" the processes of agricultural development, and develop measures to solve them as soon as possible. These methodological recommendations help to understand in detail the implementation of the relevant project, to develop an integrated approach and a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of introducing digital technologies into the agro-industrial complex [7-9].
METHODOLOGY
Formation of the article goals. The purpose of this study is to identify the features for the development of digital economic development of the agro-industrial complex, through the work on the introduction of digital and innovative technologies in the agro-industrial complex; as well as the analysis of the effectiveness using.
Methods, techniques, and technologies used in the study.
As a methodological basis for the study, methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis, statistical methods that form the methodological basis of research were used in this work.
The scientific novelty of the study is to study the features of best practices in other countries for the introduction of digitalization in the agricultural sector, as well as to determine the degree of possibility for its application in the Russian market.
RESULTS
Presentation of the main research material with full justification of the scientific results. World practice and the experience of successful Russian agricultural producers show that the use of advanced digital technologies helps to create suitable land, agricultural technologies and territorial conditions, provide a significant increase in production and increase labor productivity throughout the entire life cycle of agricultural products, reduce financial costs for fuel, electricity, workers' wages and other types of expenses, maintain soil fertility and protect the environment.
One of the priorities in the innovative sphere of the agro-industrial complex is innovations that help to supplement the domestic market with cheap and high-quality food products of domestic production. As for the introduction of sanctions for domestic farmers, the conditions of sale and competitiveness of products have improved: sales markets have opened, competition with foreign goods has decreased. This helped to increase the volume of production of domestic products and maintain high quality.
At this stage for the development of science and technology, the role of small businesses in the agricultural sector has significantly increased. This is due to the fact that there is a scientific and technological development that has helped small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain modern technological equipment and technologies at low costs and at the same time carry out and develop high-tech production. This has significantly activated small businesses in innovative industries, which helps to create new types and types of capital investment financing, enterprises with a high risk of innovation implement venture capital [10-12].
As for the costs concentration in economically developed countries, the scientific sphere is significantly ahead of production. Currently, the 30o largest companies in the United States account for 92% of research costs in the industry, including the 4 largest - 22%. The situation is similar in other countries, 77% and 25.6% in the UK, 95.6% and 20.9% in
STUPINA Alena Alexandrovna and others DIGITALIZATION А8 THE MAIN VECTOR OF THE...
Azimut of Scientific Research: Economics and Administration. 2021. T.10. №4(37)p-ISSN: 2309-1762; e-ISSN: 2712-8482
France.
Russia is one of the largest agricultural potentials in the world. Only 2.2% of the world's population has 8.9% of arable land, 2.6% of pastures, 20% of the world's fresh water and 8.3% of mineral fertilizers.
The concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation by 2020, developed by the Ministry of Economic Development in the Russian Federation, provides for an innovative development scenario accompanied by active structural changes supported by a significant increase in resource efficiency. The share of the innovation sector in GDP will increase from 10.5% in 2006 to 18.1% in 2020, and the share of the oil and gas sector will decrease from 19.7% to 12%. This structural maneuver will ensure sustainable growth in innovation activity based on an increase in spending: at the expense of resources, total funding - up to 2.8% of GDP, and 4% of GDP in 2020, in 2015; education - 4.8 and 5.2% of GDP, respectively.
Despite many difficulties of development and application, the national agro-industrial complex has a huge potential for successful activity in this area: a scientific, educational complex, a comprehensive base of natural resources, as well as a great potential of the domestic food market of Russia.
Nanotechnology products deserve special attention in the innovation industry. Various nanomembrane systems, cleaning liquids, nanomodifiers that significantly extend the service life of agricultural machinery, animal cutting or labeling systems, as well as agricultural products based on RFID technology, test systems for rapid diagnosis of infertility, without agricultural livestock, special equipment, as well as gentle animal health specialists, prebiotics to be effective in the treatment of infectious or non-infectious diseases, animals, birds, new-generation antacid drugs and much more are offered to enterprises and organizations of the agro-industrial complex for testing and subsequent use [13-15].
Recently, adaptive agricultural production has been developed, namely, the use of the latest technologies to manage the potential of agroecosystems and agrolandscaps based on the differentiated use of resources and the use of agricultural space resources.
It is known that the main source of the development of the agro-industrial complex is agriculture, which is the need for mechanical agricultural products, the IT-chemical industry (the domain of the agro - industrial complex) is a supplier of products for the production of the IT-food industry (the third domain of the agro-industrial complex). This is similar to the basic agro-food sector intensive development of agriculture stimulates transport in the United States after the first product of the food industry fully protects the needs of the third food sector. At the same time, this should be the third sector of the agro-industrial complex, to which food imports are partially increasing. In turn, to increase the production of raw agricultural products on the market, you will receive "import substitution", which will have a positive impact on all participants in market relations in the agricultural sector.
The creation of an innovative model of public production, first of all, requires the definition of long-term strategic guidelines for both the public and private sectors, liberates the relations between their hobbies, creates appropriate mechanisms and incentives. Therefore, in the strategy of this reform, tactics should be leading, so that the regulatory role of the state becomes stronger and stronger [16-18].
The Krasnoyarsk Region is one of the regions in Russia where almost all conditions for the active development of the innovation sphere have been created at the moment. The structure of the economy in this region, the current state of industry, the tools of the territory help to introduce innovations in socio-economic development.
In the innovative model of social production, it should implement an appropriate strategy for the development of the scientific and technical IT industry, which, being a scientific and technical base will be unproductively, aimed at stimulating structural changes in the economy, ultimately,
enterprises exporting raw materials and ensuring high quality products:
- a base of applied research is being created in the new results,
- strengthening the concentration of resources on the territory of the government, control bodies at all levels.
Almost all the necessary conditions for the active development of the innovation sphere have been created in the Krasnoyarsk Region.
DISCUSSION
Comparison of the results obtained with the results in other studies. In the state complex of economic problems in various areas, including agriculture, there is the technical backwardness of the population to the problem of the development of villages. New innovations in human capital, despite the obvious importance of this aspect, are too slow without load, which complicates the general instability of agriculture and the restoration of rural areas.
In general, there are three main reasons for the lack of new innovations in agriculture. First reason is the lack of a finished product is a necessity for international research. Second reason is the inertia among farmers and small farmers. Third reason is the lack of attitude between the government and business to these problems [19-21].
Based on innovations, there are two trends in the introduction of innovations with each other, aimed at increasing the efficiency of the farm business, increasing their interest and a sharp increase in cost:
- expanding the opportunities for ensuring and improving their quality, their nature and making decisions about the interests of the target science; organization in the form of differences in research directions (participation in the competition of subordinate organizations, obtaining funds, research results).
- financing of scientific research is a dynamically developing state with limited financial capabilities: the search for options for less state funding of science, business and state bodies, public organizations are looking for options to increase the ability to make decisions about the commercialization of science, its preferred role, the productive forces of society and its development.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions of the study. Digital technology has a great potential for increasing food production by analyzing and optimizing agricultural production in each specific region. With the help of various technological breakthroughs, mainly machine learning, big data, neural networks. The development of agricultural digital technologies has made progress.
It is worth noting the positive opinions of agricultural managers and experts about digital technology. The vast majority of them have no concerns about these technologies. In addition, we believe that there are high expectations from the use of these technologies. The fact is that a large percentage of respondents believe that productivity will increase by more than 20% due to the introduction of digital technology.
Prospects for further research in this area. The introduction of digital technology in agriculture and other industries will have a significant impact on the development of various social institutions. Experts believe that most of them, in particular, all private property, the market, production, the family, education, the state and legal institutions, will undergo radical changes. The expansion of the using digital technology in agriculture and other industries requires further research.
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Азимут научных исследований: экономика и управление.
2021. Т.10 №4(37)p-ISSN: 2309-1762; e-ISSN: 2712-8482
СТУПИНА Алена Александровна и другие ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ КАК ОСНОВНОЙ ВЕКТОР...
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Статья поступила в редакцию 27.08.2021 Статья принята к публикации 27.11.2021
