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DIGITAL ECONOMY AND INDUSTRIAL SECURITY
S. F. Turaeva
Tashkent Institute of Finance sevaraturaevaQ 1 @gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Today, in the era of the digital economy, modern industry is trying to reach a new level and keep up with the times. But managers and employees of industrial enterprises should understand what difficulties they may encounter during the transition to digitalization. On the way to increase competitiveness, a number of problems may appear, one of the main of which is ensuring security. This article analyzes the problems in the field of industrial safety at enterprises and organizations and searches for ways to solve them comprehensively.
Keywords: industry; security; digitalization; production; risk.
Introduction: A modern industrial enterprise striving to increase competitiveness must ensure its own labor protection and safety, which requires the implementation of innovative projects in the relevant areas. The goals and objectives of ensuring any type of safety are the same - risk control for the safety and health of employees involved in various activities, prevention of accidents and emergencies. A safety management system can generally be defined as part of a general administrative management system that provides management of risks in the field of occupational health and safety related to the activities of an organization, which includes the organizational structure, planning, responsibility, methods, procedures, processes and resources necessary to ensure safety.
The security management system includes the following components: goal-oriented, functional, administrative.
A systematic and preventive approach to safety management should be established at the enterprise, in which risks are dissected, monitored and analyzed, and if necessary, the entire system is adjusted.
Components of the security management system:
1. Goal-oriented: - purpose; - goals; - tasks; - performance indicators and criteria.
2. Functional: - Planning; - organization; - motivation; - control.
3. Administrative: - management apparatus; - distribution of functions; - responsibility. [1]
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Methods: The successful functioning of the industrial safety and labor protection management system should be based on the principles. The management system is always not only documented procedures and an audit of their implementation. Any management system is, first of all, people. The success of the functioning of the industrial safety and labor protection management system can be expressed in the following principles:
1. To know the true situation with industrial safety and labor protection at the enterprise (the state of technical devices, buildings and structures).
For this purpose, the following are necessary:
- identification of all types of hazards, risk assessment and identification of types of hazards to be managed;
- organization of an internal system for assessing (examining) the technical condition of equipment, which will allow using the results obtained with maximum efficiency for risk assessment; for planning measures to improve safety; for planning financial resources for maintaining equipment in good technical and safe condition, etc.
- identification of the legal framework for the security management system;
- functioning of the workplace certification system through the assessment of the impact of hazardous and harmful production factors;
- determination of the cost accounting system for occupational safety and health (what to consider and how);
- accounting for deviations in the system of ensuring safety and labor protection requirements.
2. Define goals and develop a management program.
3. Define the management structure with specific responsibilities and responsibilities.
4. Describe and document the "rules of the game" for achieving security goals and objectives, create mechanisms for managing all operations that lead to significant risks. [3]
First of all, these are the standards of the enterprise in the areas of activity, clear instructions (on labor protection, technological, etc.). It is important that the procedures are not just a declaration that the safety requirements must be met. The main requirement for standards is simplicity and accessibility for understanding. Standards and instructions should become a guide to individual elements and directions in the safety management system and fully comply with the existing legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan on safety and labor protection.
5. To teach the staff to follow the established "rules of the game", to control and motivate their implementation. In the classical sense, the safety training system is the
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training of personnel on their knowledge of the requirements of individual safety rules with subsequent certification. The most important thing is to teach the staff not what they can independently read in regulatory documents, but how to use these regulatory documents within the framework of the existing industrial safety and labor protection management system of the enterprise. In addition, a prerequisite should be the inclusion in the training programs of the general principles of the occupational safety and health management system, the procedure for the formation and implementation of the program to achieve the goals and objectives in the field of safety, the principles of risk assessment, etc. Having taught the staff to comply with safety requirements, it is necessary to encourage them to comply.
The motivation and incentive system is the key point ensuring the involvement of the organization's personnel in the process of implementing the industrial safety management system [2].
6. A mandatory requirement for the functioning of the safety management system is the organization of internal audits of the system through the internal audit system performed by the production control service of the enterprise, and the system of production control and labor protection control in structural divisions.
7. A necessary condition for the functioning and improvement of the safety management system is an analysis of the effectiveness of the system by management and the implementation of corrective actions. It is necessary to formulate and achieve goals aimed at improving the level of security, based on the financial situation of the enterprise. Assessment of economic damage from pollution of the production environment, calculation of damage from pollution and other special "narrow" issues are presented in the relevant courses on environmental management. In general, the task of developing projects to reduce the risk of hazardous production facilities can be formulated as follows: it is necessary to determine a set of measures that change the parameters of the facility so that the risk (integral risk assessment) is no greater than the specified one, and the cost of all measures is minimal.
Let's consider the concept of developing risk management projects and the issue of integrated risk assessment. The solution of the presented problem in the project can be divided into three blocks.
1. Assessment of the existing level of security. A universal expert risk assessment system is supposed to be used as the initial data. To set up such a system for a real object, it is necessary to use special groups of experts, as well as to include objective statistical and analytical data.
2. Determination of the optimal set of measures to reduce the level of risk. The task is solved on the basis of the risk tree already built at the first stage. To do this, it is
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necessary to determine how to change the primary parameters of the object so that the value of the integral risk becomes acceptable. After that, any change in each primary parameter will be associated with a specific event that has its own cost. To determine the optimal set of such measures, a so-called network of tense variants is constructed, each of which is essentially Pareto-optimal. Then an algorithm is executed that selects a set of minimum cost activities.
3. Definition of the action plan. At the same time, factors such as costs and duration of various kinds of risks are taken into account. These factors are interrelated; therefore, it is advisable to consider the task of minimizing the timing of events if the distribution of funds over time is set. For the system to work, it is necessary to configure and adapt it, as well as to determine the risk level acceptable for this object and the dynamic distribution of monetary resources during a set of activities.
When assessing risk as a comprehensive criterion for assessing the quality of risk management, the project should take into account:
- the reaction of the system to the disturbance and the control action;
-economic indicators of the interest of prevention costs;
- apply risk indicators as an optimization or rationalization criterion for decisionmaking in the compared options for a variety of reasons [3].
Results: The modern development of businesses in the Uzbek industry, including the transformation of the ideological foundations of labor organization and relations within the company between various groups of influence (management, employees) should lead to an increase in the efficiency of industrial enterprises. The basis for this can be both the reduction of costs associated with the elimination of the results of emergencies, accidents, and the reduction of risks in the framework of the creation of new industrial safety systems, while maintaining or increasing competitive advantages. One of the key factors in increasing the competitiveness of enterprises is ensuring the proper level of labor protection and safety, often the development of production is impossible without establishing strict control over potentially dangerous facilities and industries. To date, no industrial project can be implemented without a strict examination of its industrial and environmental safety, as well as working conditions. The problem of safety, an integrated approach to its provision, the formation and improvement of industrial safety management systems, occupational safety, as well as economic aspects of industrial safety have recently been given more and more attention. The term "industrial safety" is used in engineering, social sphere, business, in everyday human life, in the assessment of natural processes, etc.
Discussion: At present, scientific and technological progress and the development of the productive forces of society lead to an increasing saturation of enterprises with
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technical facilities in which artificially created energy reserves are accumulated, which pose a potential danger to humans and the environment. The implementation of projects on industrial safety, an integrated approach to its provision, the formation and improvement of industrial safety management systems, occupational safety, as well as economic aspects of industrial safety have recently been given more and more attention.
Let's consider the issues of developing and implementing risk management projects from the point of view of the concept of acceptable risk. Currently, activities that represent a potential source of danger to people and the environment must be carried out with the mandatory availability of appropriate licenses (permits) issued on the basis of a safety declaration (or conclusions, justifications for the safety of work). The safety declaration should be part of the project documentation, and at operating enterprises it should be developed taking into account the results of risk assessments. The safety declaration must confirm that the security measures taken are sufficient to ensure an acceptable level of risk. Previously, the regulatory documentation regulated only the need to apply certain measures, but the question of their sufficiency was not raised. This concept fundamentally changes the mechanism of regulating relations in the field of security, which is based on the ability to assess risk and determine the sufficiency of the security measures taken [2]. Thus, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1) The company should adopt an approach consisting in systematic and preventive safety management, in which risks are monitored and analyzed, and if necessary, the entire system is adjusted
2) The development and implementation of scientifically-based systems and procedures for assessing the risk of hazardous production facilities in the industrial safety management system will make it possible to develop measures to prevent them.
3) One of the main factors of increasing the competitiveness of enterprises is to ensure the proper level of occupational safety, including according to the standards of electromagnetic safety of production facilities and premises.
REFERENCES
1. Tukkel I.L. Development and decision-making in innovation management. 2020
2. Novikov A.O., Babkin A.V. Innovative enterprise system: conditions and prospects of development. 2018 [In Russian]
3. Sukhanov D.A. The search for risk. Some aspects of risk assessment of production facilities in the industrial safety and labor protection management system. 2020
4. Lavrentieva N. D. Assessment of the investment climate and attractiveness of economic systems. 2021 [In Russian]
