CC BY
1UDC 373.2.015.31:78
DIAGNOSTIC SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSICAL PERCEPTION IN
CHILDREN 2 TO 4 YEARS OLD
TORKHAVA HANNA VASILIEVNA
Doctor of Pedagogy, Professor, Professor of the Department of General and Preschool Pedagogy Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank
Minsk, Belarus
SKURATOVICH YULIYA IGOREVNA
Postgraduate Student, Senior Lecturer of the Department of General and Preschool Pedagogy, Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank
Minsk, Belarus
Abstract. The article outlines the importance of developing musical perception in children aged 2 to 4 years, and specifies the essence and structure of this phenomenon. It proposes diagnostic support for developing musical perception in children aged 2 to 4 years, which includes: a set of diagnostic tasks for children; a questionnaire for legal representatives ofpupils, preschool teachers and music directors; a protocol form for studying the practice of organizing musical perception in children of younger groups in a preschool educational institution.
Keywords: children aged 2 to 4 years, musical perception, diagnostic support.
The age range from 2 to 4 years can rightfully be considered a unique, valuable period, since at this time the foundation for the comprehensive development of the child's personality is laid. Children at this age tend to desire to understand the environment and phenomena, and sensory experience serves as a source of this knowledge. Musical perception plays a special role in the all-round development of a child from 2 to 4 years old and is determined by the specifics of music as an art form, on the one hand, and the specifics of age, on the other. The foundations of musical perception are formed earlier than susceptibility to other types of art. Music has the potential to influence children from an early age, opens up the opportunity to learn about the world and develop in the process of learning, and is considered an irreplaceable means of developing emotional responsiveness, as a means of mental and moral education. The possibilities of music allow it to become an emotional-evaluative core, on the basis of which the perception of other types of art is formed. The studies of N.A. Vetlugina, N.V. Druzhinina, G.A. Nikashina, G.A. Praslova, B.M. Teplov and others show the importance of introducing children of early and preschool age to various musical activities that allow developing their musical-sensory abilities.
We define musical perception of children from 2 to 4 years old as the main type of musical activity, consisting in motivated, emotional and meaningful comprehension by children of musical intonations and images that are accessible and attractive to them, active manifestation of their attitude to them in the process of communication using mastered and preferred languages of self-expression. In the structure of musical perception of children from 2 to 4 years old, we distinguish motivational, emotional, cognitive and interpretative components. The motivational component is associated with the presence, emergence of curiosity about musical activity for the effective development of subsequent components. We have highlighted the emotional component due to the fact that music as an art form directly affects the emotions and experiences of a child from 2 to 4 years old, bypassing consciousness, promotes the assimilation of artistic and figurative information, and facilitates a more detailed penetration into the content of a musical work. The allocation of the cognitive component, reflecting the cognitive side of the phenomenon of musical perception, is due to the fact that musical perception will be complete if the ability to determine and distinguish the most striking means of musical expression, musical images, properties of musical sounds, and musical intonation are developed. The interpretative component provides for a holistic
interpretation of the music heard through the active manifestation of one's attitude to it with the help of free musical and plastic movements, music-making, improvisations, verbal statements, etc.
Based on the psychophysiological, motivational, cognitive, socio-psychological characteristics of children aged 2 to 4 years and their impact on musical perception, taking into account the approaches to the diagnostics of musical perception available in musicological and psychological-pedagogical literature, as well as the goals and results of musical development formulated in the curriculum of preschool education, we have identified the criteria and indicators for the development of structural components of musical perception in children aged 2 to 4 years. To determine the level of development of each component of musical perception in children aged 2 to 4 years and its subsequent development, we have developed diagnostic support based on the research of N.A. Vetlugina, A.G. Gogoberidze, V.A. Derkunskaya, I.L. Dzerzhinskaya, L.N. Komissarova, Li Xia (Table).
Table - Criteria, indicators and diagnostic support for the development of musical perception in children aged 2 to 4 years_
Component Criteria Indicators Diagnostic support
s 2-3 years 3-4 years 2-3 years 3-4 years
1 2 3 4 5 6
Motivationa Desire to Having curiosity Having Pedagogical Pedagogical
l engage in about the sound curiosity about observation observation
musical of music, active the sound of
activities and enthusiastic music, active
performance of and
musical and enthusiastic
rhythmic performance of
movements, musical and
singing along, rhythmic
and basic music- movements,
making singing along,
and basic
music-making
Emotional Emotional Demonstration Demonstration Pedagogical Pedagogical
responsivene of attention and of attention observation observation
ss adequate and adequate
external external
emotional emotional
reactions while reactions while
listening to listening to
fragments of fragments of
musical works musical works
Cognitive Meaningfuln Having basic Having basic Diagnostic Diagnostic
ess of the understanding of understanding tasks «Such tasks «Such
musical musical of musical different different
image intonation, intonation, music», music»,
musical image, musical image, «Guess it» «Guess it»,
means of means of «Sound
musical musical palette»
expression - expression -
genre of music, genre of
dynamics, music,
tempo, timbre of dynamics,
musical tempo, timbre
instruments of musical
instruments,
basic
properties of
musical sounds
- duration,
pitch
Interpretive Interpretation Ability to Ability to Diagnostic Diagnostic
of a musical convey a convey a tasks tasks «Magic
image musical image musical image «Harmony of transformatio
through the in free musical in oral music and n», «Musical
active and plastic statements, movements», fantasy», «In
manifestation movements, musical- «Singing the world of
of one's singing along, rhythmic and along like...», musical
attitude and basic music- vocal «Amazing instruments»
making on improvisations musical
children's , instruments»
musical improvisations
instruments on children's
musical
instruments
A detailed description o ? the developed diagnostic support or the development of musical
perception in children from 2 to 4 years old can be found at the link - https://goo.su/nWJ0. The level of development of musical perception in children from 2 to 4 years old is determined on the basis of the identified levels of formation of each of the four components. Illustrative material and fragments of musical works for the subsequent use of diagnostic support are presented at the link -https://goo.su/wz7ltX.
The development of musical perception will be more effective when conducting a study of the interest of legal representatives of pupils, preschool teachers and music directors in the work on the development of musical perception in children from 2 to 4 years old and their knowledge of this issue. For this purpose, we have developed a questionnaire, which is available at the link -https://clck.ru/3CR6gn.
In order to determine the causes of the recorded levels of musical perception in children aged 2 to 4 years, we have developed a protocol form for studying the practice of organizing musical perception of children of younger groups in a preschool educational institution. The protocol identifies units of studying the practice (the place of musical perception in the general system of work on musical education and development, the goals and objectives of developing musical perception, the content of developing musical perception, forms and methods of organizing the development of musical perception, assessing musical perception, conditions for the development of musical perception, the result), materials and methods for studying the practice, indicators of each unit of studying the practice. Access link - https://goo.su/QJY7.
The developed diagnostic support for the development of musical perception in children from 2 to 4 years old contributes to the theory and methodology of preschool education, to the development of a scientific direction related to the development of musical perception of an individual, and provides the opportunity to use the main materials of the article as a basis for organizing the process of musical development of children from 2 to 4 years old.
REFERENCES
1. Vetlugina, N. A. Musical lessons in kindergarten: From work experience. Manual for theteacher and music director / N. A. Vetlugina, I. L. Dzerzhinskaya, L. N. Komissarova. -M .: Education, 1984. - 208 p.
2. Gogoberidze, A. G. Childhood with music: modern pedagogical technologies of musical education and development of children of early and preschool age / A. G. Gogoberidze, V. A. Derkunskaya. - St. Petersburg: Childhood-Press, 2010. - 650 p.
3. = Li Xia. Research on Children's Musical Games: Master's degree in 0401 / Li Xia, Lanzhou. Northwest Normal University. -Lanzhou, 2012. - 52 p.
