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THE SYSTEM OF PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
MUSICAL PERCEPTION IN CHILDREN FROM 2 TO 3 YEARS OLD
1 2 Antsypirovich O.N. , Skuratovich Yu.I. (Republic of Belarus)
1Antsypirovich Olga Nikolaevna - Candidate of Pedagogic Sciences, Docent;
2Skuratovich Yulia Igorevna - master Student, FACULTY OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION, BELARUSIANSTATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER MAXIM TANK, MINSK, REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Abstract: the article notes the relevance of the development of musical perception in children from 2 to 3 years old, clarifies the definition of «pedagogical support», describes the components and criteria for the development of musical perception, presents diagnostic tools, highlights the results of the ascertaining stage of the pedagogical experiment, describes the forms of work in organizing the formative stage, presents the results of the control stage, emphasis is placed on quantitative and qualitative changes in the results of the pedagogical experiment.
Keywords: musical perception, pedagogical support, development, early age.
СИСТЕМА ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО СОПРОВОЖДЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ
МУЗЫКАЛЬНОГО ВОСПРИЯТИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ ОТ 2 ДО 3 ЛЕТ 12 Анцыпирович О.Н. , Скуратович Ю.И. (Республика Беларусь)
1Анцыпирович Ольга Николаевна - кандидат педагогических наук, доцент;
2Скуратович Юлия Игоревна - магистрант, факультет дошкольного образования, Белорусский государственный педагогический университет им. Максима Танка, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь
Аннотация: в статье отмечена актуальность развития музыкального восприятия у детей от 2 до 3 лет, уточнено определение «педагогическое сопровождение», описаны компоненты и критерии развития музыкального восприятия, представлен диагностический инструментарий, выделены результаты констатирующего этапа педагогического эксперимента, описаны формы работы при организации формирующего этапа, представлены результаты контрольного этапа, сделан акцент на количественных и качественных изменениях в результатах педагогического эксперимента. Ключевые слова: музыкальное восприятие, педагогическое сопровождение, развитие, ранний возраст.
The relevance of the organization of pedagogical support for the development of musical perception in children from 2 to 3 years old is due to the sensitivity of this age period in the development of all types of perception, including musical perception. At this age, based on the development of musical perception, the foundations are laid for the holistic musical development of the child, the development of basic cognitive processes, the formation of interest and need for music and musical activity, which allows solving issues of both musical and general development of the child.
Musical perception is a holistic reflection of the means of expression, images, the nature of music, the ability to feel their beauty [1]. Under the concept of «pedagogical support» in the context of the development of musical perception in children from 2 to 3 years old, we will consider the purposeful activity of a preschool teacher based on democratic interaction with pupils, focused on overcoming difficulties together, taking into account the individual characteristics and interests of children, encouraging their independence.
The structure of the development of musical perception in children from 2 to 3 years old is represented by the following components and criteria: motivational, expressed in the presence of motivation for musical perception, interaction with the musical environment; emotional, involving the manifestation of emotional responsiveness; cognitive, which manifests itself in the presence of elementary ideas about the images of musical works, the dynamics of sound, tempo, genre of music, timbre of musical instruments.
Experimental work on the development of musical perception in children from 2 to 3 years old was carried out on the basis of the state educational institution «Kindergarten No. 492 in Minsk». The study involved children from 2 to 3 years in the amount of 47 people. Of these, 24 children made up the experimental group, 23 - the control group.
Pedagogical observations, questioning, diagnostic tasks («Let's listen to the music?», «Such different music», «We will laugh, dance and smile», «Who sings?», «Quiet-loud», «Fast or slow?», «Let's sing and dance», «Guess the musical instrument by sound»).
The level of development of musical perception in children from 2 to 3 years old was identified on the basis of the formation of each of the three components. The final results were obtained by analyzing the levels from insufficient to sufficient and were defined by us as «average». A sufficient level was detected in 6 children -13%, a level close to sufficient belongs to 28 subjects - 59%, an insufficient level is typical for 13 children -28%. So, in the experimental group - 13%, 19%, 19%, in the control group - 0%, 40%, 9%.
As part of the formative stage of the pedagogical experiment, the following methodological support was developed and applied:
1. A collection of integrated activities («Cleanliness is the same beauty!», «Garodnina», «Spring rain», «Wild animals», «Pets», «Bunny visiting the children», «Colorful cars», «Masha and bear»).
2. Collection of entertainment («Golden Autumn», «Spring-Red», «Bright Summer»).
3. Musical magazine «Learning Music Together with Winnie the Pooh» (the fairy tale «Forest Orchestra» with questions for its discussion, riddles, listening to the sound of musical instruments, diverse music using a QR code, coloring pages, musical and didactic tasks «Treasure chest» , «What objects are drawn in the picture?», «Labyrinth», «Mosaic», «Recognize by silhouette», «Name the object», «Find a pair»).
4. Electronic demonstration material «Journey into the world of music» (20 vocal and 3 instrumental works, 5 audio recordings of the sound of musical instruments).
5. Musical advent calendar «Winter's Tale» (musical and didactic games «Quiet and loud music», «Magic package», «Musical palette», «Playing with Santa Claus», «Marching together», «Snow Maiden in the winter forest», «Grandfather Frost is sad and having fun», «Girls dance and sing», «Guests came to the kids», «Let's play for Tanya's doll», listening to music in the form of a game «New Year's round dance», «Santa Claus, we are waiting for you!», «The Snow Maiden is falling asleep», «The Snow Maiden is dancing», «The squirrel is visiting the guys», «The doll is walking and running», «Drum», «Colorful winter Christmas tree», «Dance with Santa Claus and the Snow Maiden», reading poems with musical accompaniment «We help cats in winter», «Sledding», integrated classes «Festive Christmas tree», «Snowman visiting kids», entertainment «Zimushka-winter»).
6. Collection of walks with musical accompaniment (walks «Autumn beauty of nature», «Winter fun», «Spring sun»).
7. Collection of fairy tales with musical accompaniment (tales «Kolobok», «Teremok», «Who said "Meow"?»).
8. A collection of musical and didactic games (musical and didactic games «Our kick drum», «Squirrel walks and rests», «Guess what is being sung about», «Fast legs run», «Musical instruments», «Song or dance?», «Let's go visit the animals»).
9. Materials for the musical corner in the first junior group (children's musical instruments: tambourines, bells, drums, metallophones, hammers, spoons, bells, rattles, maracas, castanets, pianos, pipes, whistles; musical toys; visual and didactic aids recommended Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus; author's teaching materials; bi-ba-bo dolls; books with sound buttons, illustrations with images of musical instruments, composers; coloring books; fiction, etc.).
10. A music library with an expanded musical repertoire for legal representatives of pupils «Music for Kids» (20 pieces of music), teachers of preschool education «Listening to music in kindergarten» (49 pieces of music to listen to during classes in educational areas) and musical directors «Entertaining music» (20 pieces of music with notes).
11. Interactive consultations for legal representatives of pupils «Organization of listening to music with children from 2 to 3 years old», preschool teachers «Organization of listening to music in the educa tional process of a preschool education institution», music directors «The phenomenon of musical perception in children from 2 to 3 years old».
The presented methodological support for the process of developing musical perception can be used, downloaded to a technical device through the website «Listening to music with kids». Access link -http://surl.li/cdxqf.
The assessment of the levels of musical perception among the pupils of the experimental group at the control stage of the pedagogical experiment was carried out using diagnostic tools, which are also used at the ascertaining stage. As a result, the following qualitative changes were identified:
- Motivation to listen to music increased. Many children began to express a request to play music, there are no refusals to listen to music.
- Children began to actively interact with musical equipment, to show interest in it.
- Attention and concentration while listening to age-appropriate music became stable.
- Most children have formed elementary ideas about the nature, dynamics, tempo of music, musical images, timbres of musical works, which is manifested in a quick and clear reaction to differentiated sound, verbal designation of individual characteristics of music.
- Children are characterized by the presence of adequate external emotional reactions in accordance with the mode of musical works.
- Children in the control group showed the same qualitative changes, but their intensity was lower than in the experimental group.
- Children in the control group showed the same qualitative changes, but their intensity was lower than in the experimental group.
According to the results of the organization of diagnostic tools at the control stage of the pedagogical experiment, the pupils of the experimental group showed the following results: 13 children (54%) reached a sufficient level, 11 children (46%) had a level close to a sufficient level, an insufficient level was not characteristic of the pupils. Pupils of the control group in the amount of 5 people (22%) have a sufficient level, close to a sufficient level in 16 people (69%), an insufficient level - in 2 pupils (9%).
Thus, at the control stage of the pedagogical experiment in the experimental group, the sufficient level of musical perception increased by 41% (from 13% to 54%), close to sufficient - by 27% (from 19% to 46%), the insufficient level decreased to 0% (from 19%). In the control group, the sufficient level increased by 22% (from 0% to 22%), close to sufficient - by 29% (from 40% to 69%), the insufficient level has the same value - 2%. The results obtained confirm the positive impact of the developed methodological support on the development of musical perception of children in the experimental group.
References / Список литературы
1. Teplov B.M. Psychology of musical abilities / B.M. Teplov. M., L.: Publishing House of the APN of the
RSFSR, 1947. 334 p.
