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ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TYPES OF TOURISM IN THE REGIONS OF UZBEKISTAN IN TERMS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT Rakhmonova G.A. Email: Rakhmonova688@scientifictext.ru
Rakhmonova Gavharkhon Abdumalik qizi - Student, ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT, BUILDING FACULTY, FERGHANA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, FERGHANA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article under discussion considers the issues of development of new types of tourism in the regions of Uzbekistan in terms of urban development. As the author of the article considers variety of tourist resources, special attention on the part of the country's leadership to the development of the tourism industry, complex approach to its provision are confirmed by steady trends in improving the industry performance. The article develops recommendations on formation of tourist cluster as an effective innovative mechanism of tourism development in the regions of Uzbekistan.
Keywords: innovation, organizational and economic mechanism, cluster, marketing information system, stable tendencies, resources.
РАЗВИТИЕ НОВЫХ ВИДОВ ТУРИЗМА В РЕГИОНАХ УЗБЕКИСТАНА В УСЛОВИЯХ РАЗВИТИЯ ГОРОДОВ
Рахмонова Г.А.
Рахмонова Гавхархон Абдумалик кизи - студент, кафедра архитектуры, строительный факультет, Ферганский политехнический институт, г. Фергана, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: данная статья рассматривает вопросы развития новых видов туризма в регионах Узбекистана в условиях развития городов. Как считает автор, разнообразие туристских ресурсов, особое внимание со стороны руководства страны к развитию индустрии туризма, комплексный подход к ее обеспечению подтверждаются устойчивыми тенденциями в улучшении показателей отрасли. В статье разработаны рекомендации по формированию туристского кластера в качестве эффективного инновационного механизма развития туризма в регионах Узбекистана.
Ключевые слова: инновация, организационно-экономический механизм, кластер, маркетинговая информационная система, устойчивые тенденции, ресурсы.
UDC 379.852
Uzbekistan has a huge tourism and recreational potential, which includes 7.4 thousand sites of cultural heritage, 209 of which are included in the UNESCO list of four cities-museums "Ichan Qal'a in Khiva", "Historical Center of Bukhara", "Historical Center of Shahrisabza" and "City of Samarkand" [1].
The state policy in the sphere of tourism is aimed at transformation of the tourism industry in the future into one of the locomotives of accelerated complex development of regions and their infrastructure, solution of the most important social and economic tasks, increase of workplaces, ensuring diversification and development of regions, increase of income, level and quality of life of the population, improvement of image and investment attractiveness of the country.
The important factors that influenced the doubling of the number of incoming foreign tourists in 2019 were the simplification of visa regime, rules of stay in
Uzbekistan and business activities, development of infrastructure in tourism and promotion of tourist potential.
At the same time, it is important to assess the feasibility of innovative activities in tourism. Several success criteria for innovations in tourism can be formulated:
• The need for cooperation between scientists and management of tourism enterprises in the process of development and implementation of innovations;
• Partnerships between the private sector and public authorities in the development of innovative projects;
• Integration of the private sector, public authorities and science in the process of preparing and improving the quality of the labour force.
The solution of these problems will require the creation of a system of clear interaction between the state, business, science and education based on the use of effective instruments of innovative development, among which the cluster approach should play an important role.
The advantage and novelty of the cluster approach is that it attaches high importance to territorial and social aspects, as well as to the innovative approach of economic development. In addition, it offers effective tools to stimulate regional development, which manifests itself in increased employment, increased competitiveness of regional production systems, increased budget revenues, etc.
Having studied the world experience of the cluster approach in the development of the national economy as a whole and of individual regions, it's necessary to emphasize that cluster policy is characterized by a variety of practical approaches and does not exist, at least in the form of a clearly defined set of tools. Therefore, it should be emphasized that the cluster policy should be implemented only taking into account the specifics of the spatial structure of the economy of Uzbekistan and its regional characteristics. This, first of all, determines the development of the structure of regional tourist cluster, as well as methods of forming tourist cluster in the regions of Uzbekistan.
Based on the above, it's necessary to propose to highlight the following elements of the tourist cluster: block of specialization, block of coordination, block of consumers, block of science, block of financial and legal, block of accompanying.
The specialization block consists of two components: the main and service blocks. The main block consists of the following organizations and enterprises: firms-manufacturers of tourist services (hospitals, sanatoriums, health resorts, recreation centers, etc.); firms to develop and implement the tourist product mainly on a wholesale basis (tour operators); firms acting as sellers of tourist product formed by tour operators (travel agents) Thus, this unit performs functions on production of tourist services, formation and realization of tourist product.
Service unit. This block includes specialized firms providing the following services: accommodation (hotels and similar accommodation facilities); catering (restaurants, bars, cafes, canteens, etc.); transport (aviation enterprises, transport enterprises, railway departments, enterprises of sea and river transport, etc.); communications (cellular services, etc.); trade in goods for tourists; leisure in tourism (cinema-concert halls, gaming machines, and other cultural institutions); industrial enterprises producing only goods for tourists.
Coordination unit. The process of tourism industry formation and its sustainable development as one of the most important industries in the regional economy is currently impossible only with the use of the existing market mechanisms, without actions coming from the state and providing real support.
The block of science and education. Educational institutions included in the cluster should have a specific program of training (retraining) of personnel, reflecting the possibility of obtaining modern knowledge and skills in the field of cluster specialization. Block of science interacts with other participants of the cluster in the provision of educational and research services, for which it receives financial compensation.
The block of science is associated with it. This block includes a number of organizations and enterprises (industrial, medical, educational, informational) operating in the market of
goods and services regardless of tourism, but their inclusion in the cluster will create better conditions to attract tourists.
The block of financial and legal support represents organizations providing financial (banks, insurance companies, etc.) and legal services (legal and notary offices).
When forming a tourist cluster, special attention should be paid to the interrelationships between its elements. This relationship is based not only on the economic benefits of the participants, but also oriented to the creation and implementation of quality tourist services that meet the needs of both internal and external consumers of tourist services.
And so, by its essence and structure cluster policy is exactly that innovative direction of tourism development in the regions of Uzbekistan, which can contribute to the competitiveness of the national economy through the growth of innovation of the national tourist system [3].
References / Список литературы
1. Travel & Tourism Economic Impact, 2017 Uzbekistan. Р. 8. [Electronic Resource]. URL: // http://www.wttc.org/ (date of access: 21.05.2020).
2. Porter M. Competition. Corrected version. M.: Williams Publishing House, 2005. P. 259.
3. Yakubov V.G. Development of ecotourism in Uzbekistan // Problems of Science, 2019. № 11-2 (144). [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n7razvitie-ekoturizma-v-uzbekistane/ (date of access: 21.05.2020).
