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45DEVELOPMENT OF MANUAL WORK IN PRE-SCHOOL
EDUCATION
1Abdurashidov Adkhamjon, 2Turdaliyeva Nurjahan
1Kokand State Pedagogical Institute, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor
Kokand State Pedagogical Institute 22nd year Master's student of the Faculty of Preschool Education https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7640704
Abstract. Labor education of preschool children cannot be imagined without active manual labor. In this type of activity, the child feels high interest. This factor has a positive effect on the general mental development of children. For them, artistic work is of particular importance as one of the components of aesthetic activity based on the artistic content of decorative and practical art. The article describes the benefits of manual labor for children of kindergarten age and the aspects required from pedagogues.
Keywords: personality, manual labor, preschool education, artistic works, plasticine, origami, scissors, decorator, student.
"Give children the joy of work. This joy is associated with success, the ability to realize the importance of one's skills and the work done, and the opportunity to please others. currents flow. The more confidence and ingenuity in the child's hand movement, the more delicate the interaction with the tool of work, the more complex the movements necessary for this interaction, the better the hand interaction with nature and social work will be deeper. In other words: the more skills a child has, the smarter the child is. V.A. Sukhomlinsky.
The main principle, core of all mental, physical, moral and aesthetic development of a person is work. Traditional handicrafts and artistic crafts are formed on the basis of domestic and social work of people, which is the cultural heritage and pride of the people. "The spirit of craftsmanship" is based on manual labor, which should be introduced to children of kindergarten age. [4, 24].
Manual labor develops constructive abilities, useful practical skills and orientations in children, forms interest in work, willingness to take it on, overcome it, ability to evaluate one's own capabilities, desire to do the work as best as possible.
Manual labor education in the preschool educational organization is an important means of all-round development of the personality of the student in the preschool educational organization by getting acquainted with the work of adults, introducing children to cheap labor activities. Handiwork is aimed at satisfying the aesthetic needs of a person and serves to develop children's constructive and creative abilities. Also, a conscious attitude and interest in labor activities, the ability to achieve results are formed. Children learn to plan ways to achieve a goal, sequence of actions, methods of material processing, and connecting its parts.
Types of labor activities in preschool education are different. Among them, the most interesting for children and the type that greatly helps in the formation of mental qualities of the child is manual labor. Manual work is recognized in pedagogical literature as an important psychological tool that prepares children for the labor activities they will choose and engage in in the future. Manual work occupies an important place in the life of children of preschool age. It is
at this age that the foundations for children's physical health and strength are laid, and children's intellectual qualities are formed.
By manual labor, we mainly mean various materials, such as paper, cardboard, pomeranian, izalon, wood, natural materials, straw, tree bark, peach kernels, corn husks, as well as discarded materials, scraps, fabrics, etc. We understand how to make small boxes, children's toys from different plastic containers, and different animals [1. 52]. Handiwork develops children's ability to build and make, creativity and creativity. Stimulates interest in work, teaches initiative, self-efficacy and assessment of one's own capabilities, strives to make the product as beautiful as possible, and teaches aesthetic taste. they learn to use raw materials sparingly. What initially seems insignificant to a child changes before his eyes with his hand and perception. In this, the most valuable feeling for a child is the joy of work, enjoyment from it, and self-confidence.
Directing manual labor requires the educator to be able to teach children how to properly organize the training, to be able to come to their aid at the right time and provide them with the necessary things. The contents of preschool children's artistic works in kindergarten practice are as follows:
- working with paper, cardboard;
- working with fabric, threads;
- work with natural materials;
-wood processing;
- with clay;
- working with artificial materials.
Properly organized manual work in kindergarten and in the family provides children with in-depth knowledge about the quality and capabilities of various materials, helps to combine positive emotions, and the unique nature of work and craftsmanship. encourages the desire to master its features. Artistic handiwork is a child's creative work with various materials, in the process of which he creates useful and aesthetically important objects and products (games, work, leisure) to decorate everyday life. This kind of work is a decorative artistic and practical activity of a child, because he takes into account the aesthetic qualities of materials when creating beautiful things, on the basis of which his ideas, knowledge, and practical experience are developed and acquired in the work process. Therefore, manual labor is an important element of the harmonious development of children. there are all grounds to believe that. From ordinary paper, children can make doves, Christmas tree decorations, various appliqués, origami-based products. Before giving the equipment to the children to make, it is necessary to give a detailed interview about the equipment, where and how it is used, and explain where it is used. When children are given the necessary items, they should be introduced to the basic technical methods and safety rules for using them. Any kind of work is creatively oriented and gives a good result only if the idea is developed [3, 45]. It is necessary to choose forms that children can understand in manual labor classes, to choose methods that will help children realize their ideas faster, arouse enthusiasm, and approach their work with love. Children do not always have enough ability and diligence to realize the idea they originally thought of. There is also a case of abandoning the finished products half way through. Some children do not know how to work with existing materials, how to choose materials to make what they think. The teacher should repeatedly talk about the material, develop the child's speech, and train mental abilities.
A large group of children practice working with paper and cardboard, folding (making origami), gluing, and cutting with scissors. In order to achieve a good result from manual labor training, it is recommended to do it once a week, in the afternoon. Manual labor is a type of activity that children of all ages love to do. According to the famous psychologist A.V. Zaporozhets, "the ability to understand the child with the mind and heart begins to be most successful in the perception of artistic works when he actively creates artistic images in his imagination, and at the same time participates in the forms of artistic independence available to him." Regardless of whether the children are making different toys, the educator pays attention to everyone. They help someone, encourage someone for their good work. We will touch on some types of manual labor below:
Plasticine is an excellent craft material for children of preschool and elementary school age. Children like to sculpt plasticine, because working with it allows them to get acquainted with different types of art - sculpture, graphics, etc. Training with plasticine helps to develop fine motor skills of the hands. this is necessary for the development and improvement of the child's intelligence.
Origami helps to focus, because it forces you to focus on the production process in order to achieve the desired result. Origami is of great importance in developing children's constructive thinking, their creative imagination, and artistic taste. Origami also stimulates the development of memory, because in order to make a craft, the child must remember the sequence of its production, folding techniques and methods. Origami teaches children the basic geometric introduces concepts (angle, side, square, triangle, etc.), while vocabulary is enriched with special terms [5, 12].
Application - today this type of training is widely used in kindergarten. Creating beautiful appliqués from various colored papers or gaffer paper, pomeranians creates direct creative cooperation and closeness between the teacher and the student. The child needs help in gluing complex elements, and in the middle groups it is necessary to help in the process of cutting. Children should be taught how to make gifts and make their parents happy through the application.
In short, ensuring that children from 3 to 6 years of age have sufficient mental development to prepare them for school education increases the responsibility of educators. Therefore, the role of the kindergarten teacher in increasing the creativity and intellectual potential of children by teaching them various crafts based on manual labor is incomparable, and this imposes diligence and responsibility on them.
Handiwork is the work of children on the preparation of toys and devices necessary for training, games and work. Children will learn gluing, painting, cutting, sawing, nailing, sewing, and similar simple work skills. They develop the qualities of creativity, resourcefulness, and intelligence.
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