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43THE FIRST STAGES OF ENSURING CONTINUITY IN THE ELIMINATION OF SPEECHDEFECTS OF SPEECH-IMPAIRED CHILDREN
Dehqonova Muborak G'iyeziddin qizi
Chirchik State Pedagogical University Teacher of the "Special Pedagogy" department
Abstract. In this article, you will learn how to deal with children who have a speech impediment of preschool age on a trip to nature, the art of keeping a child interested, how to correct a speech impediment, and how to teach them to a specialist. information about the need to adapt. Information is given about the dynamics of speech development of preschool children, delays in it, processes related to lagging speech.
Keywords: pronunciation, communication, correction, training, speech therapist, development, speech, defect, psychology.
Major reforms in the field of education have been implemented in our country in recent years. The establishment of preschool education as a separate ministry is a clear example of how much attention is paid to the lowest level of education of the young generation. Including the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 29, 2016 "On measures to further improve the preschool education system in 2017-2021", Decision No. PQ-4312/3106 dated May 10, 2019 No. PQ-2707, Decision No. PQ-2707 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, dated May 10, 2019, "On approval of the concept of development of the preschool education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030" Decree No. PF-5198 of September 30 "On measures to fundamentally improve the management of the preschool education system", Decree No. PF4947 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017 "On the Strategy of Actions for the Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan", the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers dated December 22, 2020 "Preschool Education and Training "On approval of the state standard" and "First step" of preschool educational institutions created with the technical support of the representative office of the United Nations children's fund UNICEF in Uzbekistan, which is directly related to the topic. curriculum is an example of the words above. The main goals and tasks of educating preschool children are to develop children physically and mentally, to satisfy their psyche, personal abilities, aspirations and needs, to ensure that they reach adulthood faithful to national and universal values, ideals of independence, to prepare them for preschool age. consists of preparing for school education in accordance with the state requirements for children's education.
Preschool age is the period from 3 to 7 years old. During this period, the child undergoes great changes in all aspects. By the time a child reaches 2 years old, he should be able to distinguish between sounds. In many cases, children cannot pronounce words and sounds. He is still young, it is still early, there is still time, we think that he will pronounce it. As a result, we see that even at the age of 8, the child cannot pronounce sounds correctly. It is known that speech is a means of communication. It is the most perfect form of communication unique to humans. In the process of speech communication, people exchange ideas. Speech is an important means of communication between people and the environment. We can express our thoughts to
strangers through our speech. In the community, people express themselves through speech. Children join their peers, play, speak and explain. As a result, they play in an excellent mood. The more people's speech is beautiful, fluent, and effective, the more attention is paid to it. It is also related to the rise and conquest of high peaks. Speech is the most important tool needed not only to communicate with others, but also to satisfy one's own needs and understand the surrounding world If a child has difficulties in communicating, understanding and forming sentences, he has a problem with speech.
A speech disorder is when children have difficulties in pronouncing the sounds in words. This will be a problem in understanding their speech. But they have well-developed speech skills. That is, they hear the words correctly and write them correctly. He just can't pronounce it correctly. If the delay in the development of speech in a child does not pass, it leads to a speech disorder. The late development of speech in a child occurs as a result of various reasons. Experiencing various diseases during pregnancy, various infections, exposure to certain medications and radiation.
Obstetrical pathologies during childbirth, injury to the brain during childbirth, blue birth of a child as a result of asphyxia, the postpartum period from 1 to 3 years old are caused by various injuries, infections, infectious diseases. We can note that at the age of 1, a child should try to communicate using sounds, gestures, and words. In particular, he needs to be active in the things he needs, and by the time he is 2 years old, he should know more than 50 words. If he can connect 2 or 3 simple words and start using words that are necessary for his needs, it will be a development appropriate for his age, for example: pay attention, put the ball, play brother, etc..
Speech development is directly related to hearing. If a child's hearing is not good, he cannot distinguish between sounds. The child listens to the speech of adults, imitates it and begins to speak independently. With the help of hearing, the child controls his speech and has the opportunity to compare his speech with the speech of others. It also depends on the family environment. It is necessary to say Allah to the child in the cradle; After 5-6 months, different games should be played; After 6-8 months, it is necessary to read poems and fairy tales to the child, show the pictures in the books, and say his name in oral speech. Today, many families take their children to a place specialized in another foreign language without knowing their native language well. The child is still unable to fully speak in his mother tongue, cannot compose long sentences, begins to learn a second language despite the lack of vocabulary. As a result, the child suffers. He doesn't know what language to speak, he can't find the word he wants in the vocabulary, it's difficult to form sentences, the child gets stressed. Then he cannot communicate with anyone. Due to the fact that the articulatory apparatus does not move, speech becomes difficult.
One of the most popular cases nowadays is that a child is attached to social networks. So that the child does not get bored, a phone is placed in his hand and a computer is placed in front of him. Gradually, as a result of interest, he becomes attached to it. He remains indifferent to the processes taking place around him. Inner speech, inner thought will be developed. People only hear and see speech on social networks, but not in action. In order for the child to develop speech, it is necessary to talk more and conduct speech therapy exercises. As a result of genetic predisposition, speech develops late. That is, in his generation, his speech develops late compared to his peers.
Due to the busyness and inattention of many parents, they leave the child among the toys. He plays with toys by himself. As a result, the child's speech will not develop. Also, children's speech develops late when there is a lack of necessity, pedagogical carelessness, stress and negative psychological state, harmful habits, negativism in the child, problems of intellectual development
Speech deficiency does not disappear on its own, but grows stronger over time. A speech therapist is very necessary for children with speech defects. Severe speech defects affect not only speech and communication, but also general development. Therefore, in order to eliminate speech defects, exercises such as correct breathing and correct exhalation, exercises that develop the articulatory apparatus, various logomassages: relaxing and refreshing massages are carried out.. If you have trouble pronouncing a certain sound, it is useful to teach it by imitating it.
Didactic games for children, quick sayings, proverbs, poems, riddles also help in the development of speech. We are very attentive to children. If we notice a delay in speech, difficulty in pronouncing sounds or stuttering processes, we should immediately contact specialists. The earlier it is carried out, the earlier the diagnosis is made and the treatment is started, the better the result. Every healthy child is the future of our country.
The role of state requirements in teaching children to be literate is of particular importance. State requirements for the development of preschool children were developed in accordance with the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Education", regardless of the form of ownership, the preschool education system and the full upbringing of children in families , education and development, is a state document that must be used in effective preparation for school.
State requirements are requirements that assess the level of development and achievements of a 0-7-year-old child, and they determine the indicators of the development of knowledge, skills and abilities. directs pre-school educational organizations to ensure the individual (separate) development of each child while preserving the equality and value of childhood for all children, regardless of the form of ownership.
A defectologist develops children's speech based on familiarizing them with the surrounding life, family life, kindergarten life, the social life of our country, events and inanimate nature. With the help of special methods, children grow up on the basis of not only explaining the meaning of the necessary words, but also introducing them to animate and inanimate nature.
Every speech therapist or specialist, by organizing such a trip to the nature of his children, increases the child's interest in nature, his creativity, raises his mood, and corrects children with speech defects. Through such interesting activities, it is possible to influence the child's psychology and achieve the intended result by repeating the exercises given by the speech therapist. Not only by taking them out into the bosom of nature, but any games that attract children and increase competition among them, children can fully master the training and achieve the expected result of the specialist faster.
Our goal is that the children will have spiritual rest, and their speech will be fluent, and they will master mathematics well. The advantage of using this method is that preschool children are curious and active. He relaxes in the sun and breathes the soft air of nature. Due to the fact that oxygen reaches the child's brain completely, the level of reception is higher.
In short, correcting the speech of children with speech defects by correcting the speech of children with speech defects before school age, correcting the speech of children with speech defects, developing children's speech and fine motor skills, improving their attention, eliminating respiratory defects we can increase physical activity. Fluent speech development of preschool children can be achieved only on the basis of a specially organized training system.
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