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ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS OF THE DISCIPLINE
«PREVENTION OF OFFENSES» Khujakulov S^. Email: Khujakulov17148@scientifictext.ru
Khujakulov Siyovush Bakhtiyorovich — PhD in Law, Associate Professor, CRIME PREVENTION DEPARTMENT, ACADEMY OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article describes the need for scientific research on the emergence and development of crime prevention as a science, as well as on those issues that are crucial for the development of crime prevention.
They also put forward proposals and recommendations aimed at identifying areas of research on the problems of crime prevention, improving the theoretical foundations of crime prevention and bringing the science of crime prevention to a new level.
Keywords: crime prevention, the science of crime prevention, types of crime prevention, preventive measures, preventive tactics.
РАЗВИТИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ «ПРОФИЛАКТИКА
ПРАВОНАРУШЕНИЙ» Хужакулов С.Б.
Хужакулов Сиёвуш Бахтиёрович — доктор философии (PhD) по юридическим наукам, доцент, кафедра профилактики правонарушений, Академия Министерства внутренних дел Республики Узбекистан, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в статье описывается необходимость научных исследований по возникновению и развитию профилактики правонарушений как науки, а также по тем вопросам, которые имеют решающее значение для развития предупреждения правонарушений. Также были выдвинуты предложения и рекомендации, направленные на определение направлений исследований по проблемам профилактики правонарушений, совершенствование теоретических основ профилактики правонарушений и выведение на новый уровень развития науки профилактики правонарушений.
Ключевые слова: профилактика правонарушений, наука о профилактике правонарушений, виды предупреждения правонарушений, превентивные меры, превентивная тактика.
UDC 34096
The development of science also influenced the system and scale of science, contributing to quantitative and qualitative changes in science. This can often be seen in the separation of another discipline from a particular discipline and the formation of the subject. Z.M. Islamov commented: "Each stage of the more or less important development of science and society inevitably requires a review of their subject. This is legal. " In his opinion, development itself is not only a quantitative expansion, but also a qualitative change in many phenomena that inevitably arouse the interest of researchers and contribute to a deeper penetration of these phenomena, their relationships and relationships [1].
It is well known that criminology, which arose as an independent science in the 60s of the 20th century, began to be taught mainly in 1974 as a training course in Criminology and Preventive Management in Law Enforcement Agencies. Then, from the 1975/1976 school year, "Organization of crime prevention", from the 1978/1979 school year, "Crime prevention", later called "Criminology and social prevention" [3].
The increase in crime prevention issues, as well as the expansion of the scope and social need for crime prevention, led to the introduction of "Crime Prevention" as a separate discipline in criminology and the introduction of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the 2017-2018 academic year.
However, the development of this subject requires further refinement of its subject and subject, as well as expanding the scope of scientific research within the subject and subject [4]. Otherwise, it
would be better to go beyond the theory of the practice of preventing crime. In connection with this Decree of the Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 192/8 of October 30, 2012, a new discipline "Prevention of offenses" was introduced for subjects studied in the specialty 12.00.08 - criminal law, criminology and criminal-procedure law.
But, unfortunately, the large-scale reforms carried out in our country today in the direction of preventing crime, and the result of innovative ideas implemented show that the practice of crime prevention is somewhat ahead of theory.
Of course, it is gratifying that reforms are being implemented in our country in the system of preventing crime and combating crime, and as a result of these reforms, the decrease in the crime rate is increasing year by year. However, not all performers understand the nature of the differences between these concepts, such as "crime prevention", "early crime prevention", and "crime prevention" used to prevent crime.
In addition, an analysis of the provisions on the prevention of offenses and the results of a study of the activities of subjects of crime prevention shows that there are some gaps, weaknesses and inconsistencies in the legislation and regulatory acts governing the prevention of offenses.
That is why the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated August 16, 2017 № PP-3216 "On measures to radically improve the system of training, retraining and advanced training of law enforcement personnel" to increase the effectiveness of fundamental and applied research on existing problems in the field of crime prevention, investigation and crime investigation The work of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its educational institutions is the most important task.
The fulfillment of this important task, in turn, will make a worthy contribution to the development of crime prevention.
Given the nature of this task, it is expected that, as in other areas, fundamental and practical studies of the existing problems of crime prevention will be carried out. When we refer to the explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language, in the dictionary the meaning of the word "fundamental" is "basis, main, most important, deeply researched, substantiated" [2].
Accordingly, the solution requires a thorough analysis of existing problems in the field of crime and the development of fundamental scientific conclusions, practical recommendations and recommendations. In this regard, improving the theoretical foundations of crime prevention is becoming a very relevant and urgent task.
This is because any scientific research is carried out within the framework of certain subjects in the relevant disciplines. However, at the same time, it is difficult to say that the topic of crime prevention is sufficiently defined. This requires the development of an interdisciplinary, but not duplicate object, subject, goal and task of "Crime Prevention" and "Victlimology", separated from criminology as an independent discipline.
This also necessitates research on the following issues:
First, to clarify the essence of the concepts of "crime prevention", "crime prevention", "crime prevention" and "crime prevention" used in crime prevention;
Secondly, to clarify the ambiguities and misunderstandings between the types of crime prevention and the measures taken in them;
Thirdly, to develop tactical aspects of crime prevention, justify their essence and content;
Fourth, the development of an individual diagnostic method for people in terms of their potential future crimes or that they are victims of crimes;
Fifth, the creation of the methodological foundations of methods and forms of crime prevention;
Sixth, the development of theoretical foundations for the development and implementation of preventive measures;
Seventh, clarification of the concept of crime prevention, expansion and clear systematization of subjects;
Eighth, depending on the stage of the implementation of crime prevention, the following steps should be developed:
first step: early warning of offenses;
second stage: prevention and elimination of the consequences of offenses;
third stage: identification of the causes and conditions of offenses, their elimination and correction of offenders;
the fourth stage: social rehabilitation and social adaptation of victims of crimes and persons released from prisons;
fri s stage: administrative control, isolation of long-term or life-long community of perpetrators of serious and very serious crimes that violate public order and public order, the interests of the individual, society and the state, have extremist views and are not on the road to recovery.
We believe that these proposals and recommendations should, first of all, identify areas for future research in crime prevention; Secondly, to improve the theoretical foundations of crime prevention; Thirdly, it helps to bring the science of crime prevention to a new level.
References / Список литературы
1. Islamov Z.M. Theory of State and Law. The textbook. T., 2007. Art. 12.
2. Explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language: more than 80,000 words and phrases. G. IV. Tartibot - Shukr / Editorial board: T. Mirzaev (manager) and others. Уз. Res. FA Til wa adiabiet in-ti. T.: "Uzbekistan Milly Encyclopedia" Davlat Ilmiy Nashriyeti, 2006. 688 Art.
3. Khujakulov S.B. Areas for further improvement of crime prevention // Topical Issues of prevention of offenses: Materials of the republican scientific-practical conference (2019 year April 17). - T.: Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2019. 5 3 Art.
4. Eshnazarov M.J. On the meaning of the concept of "Special crime prevention" / News of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan. T., 2019. № 1. Art. 46-47.
THE PHILOSOPHICAL, ETHICAL AND POLITICAL-LEGAL STATUS OF HUMAN RIGHTS NOTION Pulatova N.S. Email: Pulatova17148@scientifictext.ru
Pulatova Nodirakhon Sobirjohnovna - Candidate of Legal Sciences, Doctoral Student, THEORY OF STATE AND LAW DEPARTMENT, TASHKENT STATE UNIVERSITY OF LAW, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article under discussion analyzes the concepts of honor and dignity, philosophical, ethical and political-legal meanings, classifications and criteria for the essence of human rights and freedom. Relations between people are regulated by social norms of conduct. In the system of social relations, norms of morality and law are considered the basic norms of regulation. Human rights exist in both moral and legal norms. The author of the article believes that human rights and freedom are a system ofphilosophical concept of the worldvision of a man's essence. At the same time it is possible to recognize that human rights is the system consisting of principles of politeness and morality and norms of law, socially regulating relations between people.
Keywords: freedom, human rights and freedoms, human honor and dignity, happiness, love, conscience, trust and respect, moral norms, legal norms.
ФИЛОСОФСКИЙ, ЭТИЧЕСКИЙ И ПОЛИТИКО-ПРАВОВОЙ СТАТУС ПОНЯТИЯ ПРАВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА Пулатова Н.С.
ПулатоваНодирахон Собиржоновна - кандидат юридических наук, докторант, кафедра теории государства и права, Ташкентский государственный юридический университет, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в данной статье анализируются понятия чести и достоинства, философско-этические и политико-правовые значения, классификации и критерии сущности прав и свобод человека. Отношения между людьми регулируются общественными нормами поведения. В системе общественных отношений основными нормами регулирования считаются нормы морали и права. Права человека имеются и в нормах морали, и в правовых нормах. Автор статьи считает, что права и свободы человека это система философского понятия мировоззрения о сущности человека. Вместе с тем можно признать, что права человека -это система, состоящая из принципов воспитанности и нравственности и норм права,
