CC BY
18
https://doi.org/10.29013/AJT-21-3.4-31-36
Saparov Sardor Khudoikulovich, Senior Lecturer, Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute,
Republic of Uzbekistan, Karshi Ayxodjayev Bobir Batirovich, Tashkent chemical-technological institute dotcenr Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent Rosilov Mansur Sirgievich, (PhD), Associate Professor, Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute,
Republic of Uzbekistan, Karshi E-mail: rosilovm@mail.ru
COTTON FIBER WETTING METHOD IN GINNERIES AND PROPERTIES OF PROCESSED FIBER
Abstract. The results obtained show an increase in the absorption of the moisturizing agent of cotton fiber in both cases, and at concentration values (0.6-1.0%) in the case of TEA, this indicator is higher than in the case of MEA. However, at low values of the MEA concentration, it has a greater effect on the absorption of the wetting agent. In this composition, water is the main moisturizing agent.
The surfactant acts as a wetting agent, helping to lower the surface tension of water with the fiber, thereby increasing the interaction energy (heat of wetting) of cellulose macromolecules on the surface of the fibers with water.
Reywords: cotton fiber, adsorption, gin, sulfonal, solution, fatty acids, concentration.
Moistening cotton fiber to the values required by trary, improving other indicators of the processed the standard is the most important task in the condi- fiber, were identified earlier (3-5), which gave positions of cotton ginning plants. Cotton fiber belongs tive results [2].
to the category of colloidal capillary-porous materi- Before the experiments in the factory, the abil-
als, which are characterized mainly by mono- and ity to absorb the moisturizing agent by cotton fiber
polymolecular adsorption, as well as capillary con- was determined as follows: 5.0 g of cotton fiber is
densation [1]. Moistening the fiber to normalized placed in a pre-weighed glass with holes but the bot-
values (8% for the first grades) corresponds to the tom, which is pressed with a special lid and placed
zone of polymolecular adsorption. in a dish with a moisturizing agent, filled to a certain
Based on the available insignificant amount of lit- mark and kept for 10 minutes. Then the mass of the erature data and analysis of the work of various cot- glass with the moistened cotton fiber is determined. ton ginning plants in Uzbekistan, it becomes clear The main reason for the insignificant degree of fithat the problem ofwetting cotton fiber has not been ber moisture is its poor wettability with water. on the practically resolved to this day. Therefore, the studies surface of the fibers there are fat-wax substances that carried out in this direction are very relevant. give it water-repellent properties. Therefore, when
The possibility of increasing the moisture con- water is applied to the fiber more than 0.7-0.8%, wa-
tent of cotton fiber, not worsening, but, on the con- ter accumulates on its surface in the form of drops
and contributes to the adhesion of the yoke to the surface of the mesh drum of the condenser, resulting in clogging of the mesh of the drum, which prevents successful the flow of the process of pressing the fiber into bales [3].
An increase in the degree to moistening of cotton fiber under the conditions of cotton ginning factories producing cotton fiber to the required degree (1.5-2.0%) can be achieved by activating the main moisturizing agent, water, by introducing insignificant amounts of wetting agents into the composition, which are mainly surfactants (surfactants). Available and inexpensive reagents such as Avirol, Sinte-gal, Metaupon, nitrogen-containing salts of distilled fatty acids have been investigated in laboratories [4].
The investigated reagents are harmless to the health of warm-blooded animals. These solutions can easily be prepared in ginneries by simply stirring in water at room temperature,
The study of the effect of a 0.5% Sintegal solution on the moisture content of cotton fiber did not show an improvement in comparison with the water currently used in production, therefore, further studies with this substance were not carried out.
On the basis of metaupon, sulfonal, avirol, solutions of 0.0015-1% concentration were obtained. The obtained data on the moisture content of cotton fiber are presented in table 1.
As can be seen from the results of the table, with a decrease in the amount of wetting agents in the solution, the absorption of the moisturizing agent by cotton and fiber gradually decreases, which is ap-
parently associated with an increase in the surface tension of water and a decrease in the interaction energy of cellulose macromolecules with a moisturizing agent [5].
Table 1.- The dependence of the absorption of the moisturizing agent by cotton fiber on the concentration of metaupon
Surfactant concentration^ Water absorption by fiber,%
1,0 400
0,5 606
0,25 593
0,125 533
0,625 467
0,0308 310
0,0015 180
80
Thus, from the data obtained, the following assumptions can be made that the use of a 0.03% solution of wetting agents as a moisturizing agent will increase the increase in humidification by 2%. If a higher increase in moisture is required, it is possible to use solutions of high concentration (within the specified limits).
Similar studies were carried out with solutions of nitrogen-containing salts of distilled fatty acids obtained using monoethanolamine (MEA) and tri-ethanolamine (TEA) in a mixture with distilled fatty acids (FFA). The obtained data on the effect of the content of nitrogen-containing FFA on the absorption of cotton fiber are presented in table 2.
Table 2.- Dependence of the absorption of the moisturizing agent by cotton fiber on the concentration of metaupon
Surfactant concentration,% Water absorption by fiber,%
JK + TEA JC + IEA
1,0 814 804
0,5 766 708
0,25 466 640
0,125 206 352
The results obtained show an increase in the absorption of the moisturizing agent of cotton fiber in both cases, and at concentration values (0.6-1.0%) in the case of TEA, this indicator is higher than in the case of MEA. However, at low values of the MEA concentration, it has a greater effect on the absorption of the wetting agent. In this composition, water is the main moisturizing agent.
The surfactant acts as a wetting agent, helping to lower the surface tension ofwater with the fiber, thereby increasing the interaction energy (heat of wetting) ofcellulose macromolecules on the surface ofthe fibers with water. Therefore, further steps in this direction are the development of a method for wetting cotton fiber in the conditions ofrefineries and the effect of this process on the properties of the processed fiber.
To begin with, an aqueous emulsion was prepared, consisting ofsurfactants, with a concentration of0.125 to 1.0. The surfactant was a nitrogen-containing salt of
distilled fatty acids, obtained by the action of mono-or triethanolamine on distilled fatty acid in a 1: 1 ratio (pH-7), the emulsion was prepared in various concentrations, and (from 0.125% to 1%) ... as follows: (for example, 0.125% concentration): 125 g of nitrogen-containing salt of distilled fatty acids are dissolved in 1 liter of water. After complete dissolution, the volume of the emulsion is brought to 100 liters. The resulting emulsion has a light yellow color.
As surfactants, such substances as Avirol, Sulfanol, Sintegal and Metaupon were also used. Prepared aqueous solutions of surfactants ofvarious concentrations for Sintegal - 0.5% and Metaupon - 0.0015-1.0. The technique is similar to the previous one. Moistening with the proposed compositions was carried out on a large fiber outlet, using a moistening liquid sprayed to a finely dispersed state. Figure 1 shows the process flow diagram of the humidification process in the conditions of cotton ginning plants.
Figure 1. Technological scheme of processing cotton fiber: 1 - storage tank; 6 - distributor valve; 2 - valve; 7 - nozzle; 3 - filter apparatus 8 - diffuser; 4 - ratometer 9 - compressor; 5 - valve distributor
Moisturizing agent concentrates currently available in the form ofpowders or 50-70% aqueous solutions; for the use of the latter, it is necessary to dilute to 0.3-0.5% aqueous solution as follows: (currently the preparation and application of the moisturizing agent is not automated, therefore all work is carried out manually) Concentrate of the moisturizing agent per 100 l solution (in the amount of 0.5 kg. in the case of a dry powder or 1.0 l in the case of a 50-70% aqueous solution is placed in a container and diluted, desirably, with warm water until a uniform transparent solution is obtained. should remain undissolved pieces of concentrate. This solution is poured into a large barrel, from which it is supplied to moisten the fiber. Then water is added to the large barrel (at the rate of 100 liters of water for 1.5 kg of powder or 1.0 liters ofconcentrate. Solution in large the barrel mixes well again and will be used to moisten the fiber.If the concentrate dissolves very easily (in the case of a powder) or easily mixes with water (in the case of a solution), then the dissolution of the concentrate can be run directly into a large barrel. To do this, the required amount of concentrate is placed in this barrel and the required amount of water is poured into the barrel. The solution is mixed well and used to wet the fiber.
Additional moistening of cotton fiber is carried out as follows: first, it is necessary to turn on the compressor (9), then completely open the valve (2) of the storage tank (1). In this case, the moisturizing agent prepared by the above method from the storage tank (1) passes through the filter apparatus (3) and is supplied to the distributor valve (5, 5 "and 5"). The number of distribution valves in it is equal to the number of nozzles on the feeder. From the distribution valve, the dampening agent is transferred through the pneumatic control valve (6) to the nozzle (7). The nozzle is attached to the feeder. The moisturizing agent is sprayed onto the fiber in the feeder using air from a compressor at a pressure of 4-5 atm. The amount of supplied humidifying material is regulated by means of valves - distributors (5, 5 'and 5 ").
To do this, first open one of the distributor valves (5) and supply the required amount of liquid to the nozzle, then the same amount of liquid is supplied to the second nozzle, which are attached to the feeder. The pneumatic control valves automatically turn on when fiber is fed and shut off when the feed stops. The amount of supplied liquid is controlled by measuring the supplied liquid and depends on the moisture content of the fiber to the amount of fiber supplied to the feeder. At a fiber moisture content of 4% or less, it is necessary to supply liquid in an amount of 3% of the mass of the resulting bales; with a fiber moisture content of 4-5%, 2.0% should be supplied; with a moisture content of 5-5.5%, a moisturizing liquid should be supplied. 1-1.5% while the moisture content of the resulting bales will be at least 6.0%. It should be especially emphasized that with constant operation of the humidifying unit, it is necessary to clean the neck of the diffuser every 1.5-2 hours, for which it is necessary to open a window near the neck of 250 x 300 mm from the side of the gin (approximate dimensions). In the absence of such a window and without cleaning the throat, the fiber clings to the burrs of the diffuser neck and collects various debris and, leaving after a while through the fiber outlet, strongly clogs the fiber bales. Therefore, during the operation of the gin, it is necessary to regularly clean the throat of the diffuser (the obligatory cleaning of the diffuser and its throat is also included in the operating regulations of cotton factories). After finishing work (stopping all gin machines), it is necessary to stop the liquid supply. For this, the valve (2) is closed to the end, and then after 2-3 minutes the compressor is turned off. Figure 2 shows the proposed humidification device itself. The distance from the installation site of the atomizer to the brand condenser is no more than 10 meters. This distance is quite enough for the fiber to be completely saturated with a moisturizing liquid. The principle of operation of the device is as follows: the moistening liquid from the source (1), through the filter (2) and counters (3), enters the input of
the electromagnetic valve of the P-RE3 / 2.5-1126 UHLN brand (4).
The solenoid valves are connected in parallel with the gin apparatus. In the event that one of the gin machines stops, the solenoid valve is automatically turned on and the supply of humidifying liquid to the corresponding nozzle is shut off.
Compressed air from the compressor (5) through the filter (2) enters the corresponding channels of
the nozzles. The working air pressure on the nozzles should be within 4-5 kgf/cm2.
The moisturizing liquid through the open rivets (4) and compressed air enters the corresponding channels of the nozzles (6). The direction of movement of the dampening liquid is perpendicular to the movement of the fiber flow. If necessary, you can install the nozzles at an incline of up to 30 ° in the direction of fiber movement (forward flow).
1.
2.
3.
4.
Figure 2. Cotton fiber moistening device: 1 - reservoir for moisturizing agent; 6 - nozzle;2 - filter; 7 - clamp for fastening the injector; 3 - liquid counters; 8 - fiber pick-up; 4 - solenoid valves
References:
Shaidulin A. G., Jalilov M. G. "Introduction of new holes for loading bales of cotton fiber into covered railway cars", Cotton Industry, 1988.- No. 4.- 26 p.
Nikitin R. P. "Moistening of fiber in a continuous technological process of a cotton plant", Cotton Industry, 1978.- No. 5.- 10 p.
Saparov S. Kh., Aykhodzhaev B. B., Erkaev A. M. Influence of emulsification of raw cotton on the technological properties of fiber. Universum: technical sciences,- Moscow,- No. 11(80).- November, 2020.-Part 4.- P. 12-17.
Saparov S. Kh., Lutfullaev S. Sh., Aikhodzhaev B. B. Stability of the mechanical properties of cotton fiber treated with a polymer composition. Innovation tekhnologar, karshi muhandislik itisodiot institute tomonidan V Republic "Innovation Koyalar, tekhnologar wa loyhalar yararkasi,- 1. 2012.- P. 32-35b.
5. Aikhodzhaev B. B., Saparov S. Kh., Stopping U. Yu. Cotton fiber structure when treated with a polymer composition. Topical issues in the field of technical and socio-economic sciences. Republican Interuni-versity Collection. - Tashkent, 2011.- 74 p.
