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10USE OF A HYDROPHOBIZING COMPOUND TO IMPART WATER-REPELLENT PROPERTIES TO
NONWOVENS
Almaganbet A., Burkitbay A.,
Candidate of Technical Sciences, PhD Niyazbekov B.
head of B. R. Tausarova, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Abstract
In order to impart water-repellent properties of bast fiber insulation, studies were conducted on the use of a new hydrophobizing composition for finishing non-woven materials.
The conditions of the finishing process were as follows: an aqueous solution of a hydrophobizing composition of various concentrations was applied by spraying to the surface of the material, then dried and heat treated at 180 °C on a thermal press.
In the production of nonwovens, processing with this composition can be combined with the emulsification of a mixture of fibers, or carried out after the formation of the canvas, followed by heat treatment and calendering.
Organosilicon compound (alumomethylsilicate) and maleic acid were selected as components of the composition.
Keywords: textile material, non-woven fabric, hydrophobizer, flame retardant, antiseptic, organosilicon compound, maleic acid.
Introduction
Today, the problem of thermal insulation of modern buildings is particularly acute. Using insulation, you can reduce electricity costs by up to 30-40%. All types of insulation are characterized by certain properties. The general requirements are the following: low thermal conductivity, vapor barrier, fire resistance, environmental friendliness, sound insulation characteristics, biostability, durability, hygroscopicity. High-quality insulation does not absorb moisture or absorbs a minimum amount of it. Otherwise, it is impossible to avoid getting the material wet, which means the loss of the main property (heat efficiency).
All insulation materials, depending on the raw materials used, are divided into:
- organic (waste from agricultural, woodworking industries, as well as non-woven textile materials);
- inorganic
The most popular types of organic insulation are considered cellulose insulation, 80% consists of recycled cellulose. These insulation materials are environmentally friendly materials with low thermal conductivity, good vapor permeability and sound insulation.
To reduce the hygroscopicity and combustibility of materials based on plant fibers and to increase their biostability, it is possible to add hydrophobizers, flame retardants and antiseptics to the raw materials.
Objects and methods of research
Objects of research: nonwoven fabric made of flax fibers and hydrophobizing composition (organosilicon compound (alumomethylsilicate) and maleic acid).
To determine the water resistance, a device - a penetrometer (MT-158) was used. Tests on this equipment were carried out according to Gost 3816-81.
The test for determining capillarity was carried out according to the requirements of Gost 3816-81.
Results and discussion
The conditions of the finishing process were as follows: an aqueous solution of a hydrophobizing composition of various concentrations was applied by spraying to the surface of the material, then dried at 80 °C, for 10-15 minutes, and heat treated at 180 °C on a thermal press [1-3].
In the production of nonwovens, processing with this composition can be combined with the emulsifica-tion of a mixture of fibers, or carried out after the formation of the canvas, followed by heat treatment and calendering.
Organosilicon compound (alumomethylsilicate) and maleic acid (MK) were selected as the components of the composition.
To give textile materials stable water-repellent properties, it is necessary to create a new surface with a lower surface tension on its outer surface. In organo-silicon hydrophobizers, numerous small (-CH3,-C2H5) nonpolar alkyl groups located above the surface of the silicone film impart hydrophobic properties. The solubility of silicates is due to the presence of not only nonpolar alkyl groups (hydrophobic) in silicon atoms, but also polar hydroxyl groups, which can also interact with maleic acid [4].
The resulting effect of hydrophobicity of the material after finishing can be seen in Figure 1.
a b
Figure 1-Images of a drop of water on the surface of a non-woven material: a-the starting material; b-the material treated with an organosilicon compound and MK
Also, studies of the edge angle of wetting were carried out by the lying drop method. Indicators of the edge angle of wetting of the treated materials are 125140 deg. depending on the concentration of the components of the composition.
The results obtained are shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2-Images of a drop of water on the surface of a non-woven material treated with an organosilicon compound and MK
The hydrophobicity of the non-woven material was determined on a penetrometer according to GOST 3816-81. This indicator for the treated material at different concentrations of the component of the composition is more than 200 mm of water.
In addition, according to the results of the capillarity test, high indicators of water-repellent properties of the treated materials were revealed, since non-woven materials are not 100% wetted.
The high hydrophobicity of the non-woven material can be explained by the fact that after processing, the surface tension of the material becomes lower than that of liquid molecules.
In order to clarify the interaction of the dressing composition with the cellulose of flax fiber, the IR
spectra of samples of the initial and processed materials were studied, which are shown in Figure 3. The study of the IR spectra of these systems shows that all the absorption bands characteristic of cellulose in the processed non-woven material are preserved. Also, in the spectra of the sample treated with a hydrophobic composition, new absorption bands appear, confirming the appearance of a chemical bond between the cellulose and the components of the composition.
Figure 3-Comparative graph ofIR spectra of samples of non-woven material, untreated and treated with orga-
nosilicon compound and MC
Figure 3-Comparative graph of IR spectra of samples of non-woven material, untreated and treated with organosilicon compound and MC
Conclusion
A composition of organosilicon compound (alumomethylsilicate) and maleic acid is proposed for the hydrophobic finishing of nonwoven fabric made of flax fibers. It is shown that the hydrophobicity indicators of the material treated with the proposed composition are more than 200 mm of water.
Tests conducted for the toxic and skin irritant effect of non-woven material treated with a hydro-phobizing composition showed its safety for human health.
REFERENCES:
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