70Original scientific paper Economics of Agriculture 3/2016
UDC: 641.033/.1:338.439(497.11)
CONSUMERS BEHAVIOR ON ORGANIC FOOD: EVIDENCE FROM THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Semir Vehapi1, Edin Dolicanin2 Summary
In developed countries, the demand for organic food has seen a significant increase in the past decade. However, the organic food market in Serbia is still in its infancy and can be considered an emerging market. By gaining an understanding of consumer behavior on the Serbian market, it is possible to provide a greater consumption of organic food per capita through an appropriate marketing approach, as well as quicker development of the national market. This paper will outline some of the most significantfindings obtainedfrom a quantitative study of the population of Serbia in the role of buyers and potential buyers of organic food. How much knowledge respondents have about organic food was also studied and presented here, as was the socio-demographic profile of the consumers as an important determinant of organic food consumption. In addition, we also analyzed consumer behavior when buying organic food from the standpoint of basic instruments of the marketing mix: the product, the price, marketing communication (promotion) and marketing channels (place). The obtained results were explained in relation to the theoretical knowledge obtained from previous studies carried out on various national markets. Based on these findings, a solid foundation for the development of effective marketing strategies was obtained.
Key words: organic food, the market, consumers, behavior, Serbia
JEL: M30, Q13, D12
Introduction
During the previous decade, the global organic food market developed very quickly from a niche market to a broad market segment (Doorn, Verhoef, 2015). The demand for organic food is growing at an increased rate, which has led to global sales of organic food and drink reaching 80 billion US dollars in 2014. In the same year, the per-capita consumption
1 Semir Vehapi, Ph.D., Assistant, State University of Novi Pazar, Department of Economic Sciences (office no. 23), Vuka Karadzica Street nn, 36300 Novi Pazar, Republic of Serbia, Phone: +381 63 86 18 381, E-mail: [email protected]
2 Edin Dolicanin, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, State University of Novi Pazar, Department of Technical Sciences, Vuka Karadzica Street nn, 36300 Novi Pazar, Republic of Serbia, Phone: +381 63 66 55 02, E-mail: [email protected]
of these products was 11 US dollars, where the highest consumption rate was realized in Switzerland (221 €), Luxemburg (164 €), and Denmark (162 €). However, even in these pioneer countries, organic food only makes up a small market share (Denmark: 7.6%; Switzerland: 7.1% and Luxemburg: 3.4%) (Willer, Lernoud, 2014).
The organic food market in Serbia is still in its infancy, but the number of producers in the last decade has increased significantly. In 2014, there were 1,281 producers cultivating approximately 9,548 ha of organic agricultural land. The organic agricultural land makes up 0.2% of the overall agricultural land. This production capacity meets the current level of organic food consumption on the national market. The overall turnover of the organic food sector in Serbia has been estimated at 40 million US dollars. The average annual expenditures for organic food are 5 US dollars per capita. Based on the aforementioned indicators, it is evident that the Serbian organic food market is lagging behind the markets of more developed countries (Table 1), as well as the markets of neighboring countries which are members of the European Union (EU) (Table 2). The main reasons for this are low levels of consumption, insufficient access to information on the part of the consumers, an inconsistent offer, a lack of product variety, poorly developed distribution channels and a low average income. (Vlahovic et al., 2011; Kalentic et al., 2014).
Table 1. A comparative overview of the indicators of organic food market development in Serbia and in select developed countries 2014.
Country Area (ha) Share of all agr. land (%) Producers (no.) Retail sales (million €) €/person
Serbia 9,548 0.2 1,281 35 (2012) (40$) 4.4 (2012) (5$)
Austria 525,521 19.4 22,184 1,065 127
Denmark 165,773 6.3 2,565 912 162
Germany 1.047,633 6.3 23,398 7,910 97
Italy 1.387,913 10.8 48,662 2,145 35
France 1,118,845 4.1 26,466 4,830 73
United Kingdom 521,475 3 3,526 2,307 36
Sweden 501,831 16.4 5,406 1,402 145
Netherlands 49,159 2.5 1,706 965 57
Source: Willer, Lernoud, 2014, 2016;
Table 2. A comparative overview of the indicators of organic food market development in Serbia and in neighboring countries 2014.
Country Area (ha) Share of all agr. land (%) Producers (no.) Retail sales (million €) €/person
Serbia 9,548 0,2 1.281 35 (2012) (40$) 4.4 (2012) (5$)
Romania 289,252 2.1 14,159 80 4
Country Area (ha) Share of all agr. land (%) Producers (no.) Retail sales (million €) €/person
Croatia 50,054 3.8 2,194 99 23
Hungary 124,841 2.7 1,672 25 2
Bulgaria 74,351 2.4 3,893 7 1
Montenegro 3,289 0.6 167 0 0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 353 0.02 24 2 0
Macedonia 3,146 0.3 382 - -
Albania 515 0.04 39 - -
Source: Wilier, Lernoud 2014, 2016;
Numerous studies have focused on individual instruments of the marketing mix in the context of organic food. A certain number of them have dealt with the different aspects of the production mix, including attractive packaging and its role in the purchasing process (Hill, Lynchehaun, 2002; Essoussi, Zahaf, 2008), knowledge of the labels of organic food and certification standards (Padel, Foster, 2005; Wier et al., 2008; Janssen, Hamm, 2011) and the product range (Govindasamy et al., 2006). These findings indicate that packaging is an important means to distinguish organic from conventional food, but that it is still not attractive enough for most organic products. In addition, there is a smaller variety of organic products in comparison to conventional ones. Furthermore, the obtained data also confirm that consumers are manifesting a certain amount of confusion or lack of knowledge in terms of the certification process and organic labels. When it comes to price as the second instrument of the marketing mix, most studies dealt with the consumers' willingness to pay for organic products (Radman, 2005; Tsakiridou et al., 2006; Krystallis et al., 2006; Pellegrini, Farinello, 2009; Aguirre González, 2009; Aryal et al., 2009). What is common to all these studies is the finding that consumers are willing to pay a higher price for organic food in comparison to the price of conventional food. Another very important question is where consumers purchase organic food. Accordingly, numerous studies have analyzed the behavior of consumers in terms of store choice behavior (Lockie et al., 2002; Fotopoulos, Krystallis, 2002; Padel, Foster, 2005; Wier et al., 2008; Crandall et al., 2010; MacKinnon, 2013). Even though the results differ, most of the studies agree that the importance of conventional retailers is increasing, and that supermarkets are becoming the main place where consumers purchase organic food (Graph 1.). A significantly smaller number of studies have analyzed the instruments of communication on the organic food market (Fotopoulos, Krystallis, 2002; Chinnici et al., 2002; Akbari, Asadi, 2008). On the market of Iran, Greece and Italy, consumers state that they mostly gather information on organic products by means of the electronic and printed media, but also from family members and friends. Another important aspects of research into the organic food market referred to the discovery of the consumer profile. Research has shown that organic food consumers are mostly women, the elderly, as well as married couples with children (Wandel, Bugge, 1997; Fotopoulos, Krystallis, 2002; Roitner-Schobesberger et al., 2008; Dimitri, Dettmann, 2012; Grubor, Djokic, 2016). It has also been determined that a higher education and higher income are related to the greater probability of purchasing
organic products (Dimitri, Dettmann, 2012).
Graph 1. Marketing channels for organic products in selected countries 2014.
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Source: Wilier, Lernoud 2016;
While previous studies have dealt with the different aspects of marketing research for oiganic food, this study encompasses four basic marketing instruments, focusing on oiganic food consumers, while at the same time discovering the socio-demographic profile of these consumers. In this way, the current study provides opportune way for researchers as well as practitioners to get a complete overview ofthe most important factors which determine organic food consumption on the Serbian market. Understanding the critical factors which influence consumer behavior towards organic food is of vital importance for the implementation of successful marketing strategies, and consequently the quick development of the national organic food market.
Materials and methods
Sampling procedure and data collection technique
The research presented in this paper is based on the findings obtained from a quantitative study by means of a questionnaire. The target population was made up of the population of the Republic of Serbia, who can find themselves in the role of buyers or potential buyers of organic food. Due to financial and logistic obstacles, this study could not focus on all the subjects of the target population. As a result, the study was carried out on a convenience sample which included 212 participants of different socio-demographic characteristics (Table 3.). The sample from each city was approximately the same in proportion to number of inhabitants. The participants were selected from five regional centers: Belgrade = 104 respondents; Novi Sad = 31 respondent; Nis = 28 respondents; Kragujevac = 26 respondents;
and Novi Pazar = 23 respondents.
Table 3. The socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents
Element Absolute frequency Relative frequency (%)
Gender
Male 85 40.1
Female 127 59.9
Age group
15-25 92 43.4
26-35 46 21.7
36-50 52 24.5
51-65 12 5.7
Over 65 10 4.7
Education
University 111 52.4
Community college 17 8.0
High school 78 36.8
Elementary 6 2.8
Work status and job
Full-time employee/ Part-time employee Industry 33 15.6
Health 12 5.7
Education 29 13.7
Public institutions 12 5.7
Other 14 6.6
Unemployed 14 6.6
Student 88 41.5
Retired 10 4.7
Monthly net household income (in RSD)
Up to 50,000 71 33.5
50,001-100,000 79 37.3
100,001-150,000 27 12.7
150,001-200,000 18 8.5
Exceeding 200,000 17 8.0
Number of household members
Single-member household 17 8.0
Two-member household 28 13.2
Three-member household 54 25.5
Four-member household 75 35.4
Five-member household 23 10.8
Six and more members 15 7.1
Overall 212 100
Source: The data which the author obtained in his own field work
In order to realize the aims of this study, we used a combination of an online interview and a personal interview. First, the questionnaire was prepared in electronic form and distributed to 350 previously selected e-mail addresses of inhabitants of the selected cities. The response rate of the on-line respondents was 43% and can be considered adequate and satisfactory. In the case of the remaining 63 respondents, the questionnaires were distributed in person, and the testing was conducted at various locations, starting from high schools, colleges to retail facilities. Approximately three weeks were needed for data collection, from May 8, 2014 until June 3, 2014.
Questionnaire design
The basic measuring instrument used in this study was a structured questionnaire which consisted of 21 questions organized into several groups. The first group of questions was meant to measure the level of knowledge and information that the respondents had about organic food, where the first question is a filter question which is used to single out a special group of informed respondents. This group also includes questions regarding awareness of the national organic label meant to determine the extent to which consumers recognize the labels on the products or whether they just purchase products randomly. At the same time, three labels were prepared: the first one is used for organic products which originate from the EU (Label 1), the second one is an imaginary label designed for the purpose of this research3 (Label 2), and the third one represents the national governmental label used in Serbia (Label 3) (Table 4.). The questionnaire continues with questions used to identify buying behavior. Another filter question was used here with the intention of separating organic food consumers from non-buyers of these products. The following block of questions attempts to determine which instruments of the marketing mix are most often selected by consumers. This includes their preferences for certain categories of products, price levels, distribution channels and means of communication. The final section of the questionnaire consists of socio-demographic questions.
Most of the questions were of the closed-type, presented in the form of two or multiple answer questions. In addition, scaling techniques were also used.4 Prior to formulating the final version of the questionnaire, we carried out a pilot study which included 50 representative respondents. The basic aim behind the pilot study, according to Saunders et al. (2009), was to improve its clarity, reliability and validity.
3 Design of the logo is taken from web research
4 The respondents who had not heard of the organic food were required to rate, on a scale of 1 to 5, their own knowledge of and the amount of information regarding organic food.
Table 4. The recognition test for national organic label
Label 1 Label 2 Label 3
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Source: Kalentic et al., 2014, Willer, Lernoud, 2014, 2015;
Data analysis
The collected data was processed using SPSS 21 (Statistical Program for Social Science) computer software. In processing the obtained data we used descriptive statistics and analytical statistic methods. Of the descriptive methods, relative values, central tendencies (means and modus) and standard deviations were noted. In order to study the statistical significance of the connection between categories of variables, the Chi-square test was used. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0,05.
Results and discussion
Information and knowledge about organic food
The deciding influence on the demand for organic food is knowledge of the concept of organic food. More information on the organic food market, which leads to greater consumer knowledge of organic food, has a positive effect on consumers' attitudes towards these products. It was proven that attitudes are the main predictor of intentions for purchasing organic food products (de Magistris, Gracia, 2008; Yazdanpanah, Forouzani, 2015). The results of this study have shown that 4.2% of the respondents had not heard of organic food5. This indicates that there are still individuals uninformed about the existence of food produced in the system of organic agriculture, but the percentage of these respondents was 8% smaller in comparison to previous studies carried out in Serbia (Vlahovic et al., 2010; Vlahovic et al., 2011).
The highest percentage of respondents (43.3%) is considered to possess more than a sufficient level of information and knowledge about organic food (Table J.). A subjective evaluation of the respondents is not in accordance with the results of the recognition test of the national organic label. The results of this test indicate a low level of familiarity with the label of organic food produced in Serbia, considering that almost 40% of the respondents did not manage to recognize the appropriate label (Graph 2.). The recognition problem and understanding of
5 The respondents who had not heard of organic food were excluded from further research and the final sample consists of only informed participants who are potential buyers of organic food.
organic labels was identified in other studies (Padel, Foster, 2005; Roitner-Schobesberger et al., 2008; Sekovska, 2010; Vlahovic et al., 2011; Mesías Díaz et al., 2012). The findings confirm that in the studied countries (Serbia, Thailand, Macedonia, Spain) more than half of the consumers could not recognize the national organic label or the EU label. Padel and Foster (2005) indicate that most of the respondents from the market of Great Britain are uncertain about the issues regarding inspection and certification and are clearly uninformed or confused about the labeling. The main source of confusion on the labeling of organic food is connected to the existence of a wide variety of competing products marked "safe food", "healthy food", "pesticide free", "chemical free" and "high quality food". The difficulties in distinguishing between them can be connected to the fact that most supermarkets on their shelves still do not make a proper and clear distinction between health food and organic food (Roitner-Schobesberger et al., 2008). This leads to consumers considering the terms organic food and health food to be more or less synonymous (Lockie, 2006; Gifford, Bernard, 2011).
Table 5. Descriptive indicators of the level of information and knowledge about organic food
N Min Max AS SD Modus
203 1 5 2.95 0.937 3
Source: The data which the author obtained in his own field work Graph 2. Recognition of the national organic label by the consumers
Which of the :bimn ii used for organic food produced iu rhe-Republic (if Serbia"
Lübel 1 5.4%
Libel 5 60.0TÍ1
Libel 2
Source: The data which the author obtained in his own field work
Even if the consumers are able to recognize the organic label, this does not mean that they have detailed information on the production process, certification and control. This was confirmed in this study, according to which only 10.8% of the respondents recognized the correct definition of organic food, defining it as food produced using techniques defined by the Law on Organic production (Table 6.).The results of the Chi-square test indicate a statistically significant connection between gender and the definition given of the concept of organic food (x2=13.743; df=5; p=0.017).Namely, of the respondents who correctly defined organic food most were female (72.7%).
Table 6. Defining the concept of oiganic food
Definition: Organic food Absolute frequency Relative frequency (%)
Local food produced on family land using traditional methods 21 10.3
Food produced without the use of pesticides, chemical additives and genetically modified organisms (GMO) 66 32.5
Food produced without GMO 4 2.0
Food produced without the use of pesticides, artificial fertilizers, GMO and chemical additives; 70 34.5
Food produced using techniques defined by the Law on organic production 22 10.8
Food produced using natural methods without the use of artificial fertilizers 20 9.9
Overall 203 100
Source: The data which the author obtained in his own field work
Buying behavior
The development and improvement of a marketing strategy requires detailed information on the habits of consumers and their decision-making process regarding purchasing organic food. Of the overall number of informed respondents, 85.7% have indicated that they purchase organic food, while 14.4% had never purchased these products.6 The obtained results indicate that during the previous few years the demand for organic food has undergone an increase on the national market, considering that according to previous studies 46-48% of the participants could not be considered buyers of organic food (Vlahovic et al., 2010, Vlahovic et al., 2011). When it comes to purchasing frequency, it was determined that the greatest number of respondents (45.3%) occasionally purchase OF, while only the smallest number are regular consumers of these products (13.8%). This is in accordance with other studies which determined that the proportion of consumers purchasing organic food on a regular basis is low, while the greatest number of respondents only occasionally purchase organic products (Grunert, 1993; Wandel, Bugge, 1997; Vlahovic et al., 2011, Mesías Díaz et al., 2012; Padilla Bravo et al., 2013). The results of the Chi-square test indicate a
6 The category of respondents who did not purchase these products was excluded from further analyses and the obtained sample consisted only of organic food consumers.
statistically significant relation between socio-demographic characteristics and the frequency of purchasing organic food7 in three cases:
• Between the level of education and the purchasing frequency of organic food (x2= 10.537; df=3; p=0.015)
• Between occupation and purchasing frequency of organic food (x2= 4.166; df=1; p= 0.041)
• Between the monthly net household income and purchasing frequency of organic food (x2= 4.508,df= 1; p= 0.034)
The abovementioned results reveal that respondents with a community college education or higher, respondents whose monthly net household income exceeds 100,000 RSD8, as well as those who work in education, health, and public institutions often purchase organic food. This profile is in agreement with the results of other studies which support the fact that the purchasing of organic food is connected to a higher level of education and increased household income (Lockie et al., 2002; Radman, 2005; Aguirre González, 2009; Tung et al., 2012; Dimitri, Dettmann, 2012). Unlike in the case of socio-demographic variables, no statistically significant connection was established between the level of information and knowledge about organic food and the purchasing frequency of these products. This means that knowledge of the methods of organic production and awareness of the organic labels do not necessarily correspond purchase.
Fresh vegetables were the type of food that the respondents claim to purchase most often (55.7%), followed by milk and dairy products (52.3%) and honey (40.2%) (Graph 3.).These results partly coincide with the results of previous studies, according to which the most frequently purchased categories of organic food include fruit and vegetables (Chinnici et al., 2002; O'Donovan, McCarthy, 2002; Radman, 2005; Roitner-Schobesberger et al., 2008; Vlahovic et al., 2011). Based on our results, packaging does not represent an important factor when purchasing organic food, considering that 62.6% of consumers do not take into consideration packaging design when purchasing these types of products.
7 With the aim of proving the existence of a statistically significant relation between the aforementioned variables, we reduced the number of categorical variables, which confirmed in the basic hypothesis on the minimal theoretical frequency of any cell.
8 The dinar is the currency of Serbia.
Graph 3. Most frequently bought organic products (in %)
Source: The data which the author obtained in his own field work
Note: respondents were given the option of selecting mors than one response
This study has shown that organic products is mostly purchased in supermarkets and hypermarkets (40.8%) (Table 7.). The finding that supermarkets are the dominant place for purchasing organic products is supported by numerous studies (Lockie et al., 2002; Padel, Foster, 2005; Wier et al., 2008; Essoussi, Zahaf, 2008; Pellegrini, Farinello, 2009; MacKinnon, 2013). The results ofthis study suggest that specialized shops are important for a small percentage of consumers (12.1%). According to previous studies carried out in Serbia, most of the respondents purchased these products in specialized shops, that is, "health food" stores (Vlahovic et al., 2010; Vlahovic et al., 2011). This would mean that both in Serbia and the West, the role of specialized shops in overall sales is decreasing, while the participation of supermarkets and hypermarkets is increasing.
Table 7. Usual purchase place for organic products
Categories Absolute frequency Relative frequency (%)
Where do you usually purchase organic food? In the supermarket 51 29.3
In a hypermarket 20 11.5
In specialized shop 21 12.1
At the green market 27 15.5
Directly from the producer 25 14.4
No rules 30 17.2
Overall 174 100
Source: The data which the author obtained in his own field work
The results of the Chi-square test indicate the influence of the type of food being purchased on the choice of purchasing place. The test results indicate that there is a statistically significant connection between:
• Purchasing fresh vegetables and the place of the purchase (%2= 18.260; df= 6; p= 0.006)
• Purchasing milk and dairy products and the place of the purchase (%2= 13.771; df= 6; p= 0.032)
Namely, the greatest percentage of respondents buy fresh vegetables in supermarkets (33%) and green markets (22.7%), while they purchase milk and dairy products most often in supermarkets (40.7%).
By analyzing the source of the information, it was determined that the greatest percentage of consumers obtained information on organic products on the internet (42.5%) (Graph 4.). These results are in agreement with the results of studies of Greek consumers, most of whom stated that they obtained information on agricultural-food products on the internet (Baourakis et al., 2002). Contrary to that, Pellegrini and Farinello (2009) found that the internet is the least credible source of information on organic products, while consumers rely most on information contained in the product labels, followed by the information which they obtain at the location where they purchased the product, or the information they receive from their friends.
Graph 4. Ranking the source of information on organic products according to importance
iETenuec Wcnl of Ei suit Teknsùm if ^ Sal« B-tiSf Newspapers Special events Oirtooor advertising Other Radio
Source: The data which the author obtained in his own field work
Willingness to pay for organic food
Most of the consumers in Serbia (89.1%) show a willingness to pay a higher price for organic food in comparison to the same types of conventionally produced food (Vehapi, 2015). Studies from various parts of the world found that most consumers are willing to pay premium prices for organic food (Wendel, Bugge, 1996; Canavari et al., 2002; O'Donovan, McCarthy, 2002; Aryal et al., 2009; Vlahovic et al., 2011). A more detailed analysis indicated that 80.9% of consumers are willing to pay up to 30% higher price, while only 5.7% of consumers are willing to pay 100% higher price for organic products in comparison to the conventionally produced alternatives (Graph 5.).These results suggest that the intentions to purchase have a tendency to fluctuate, or decrease with the increase in the price of organic food. This would mean that the demand for organic food in Serbia show high price elasticity. Price elasticity of demand for different types of organic products was determined on the national markets of the United States of America and Germany (Jonas, Roosen, 2008; Lopez, Lopez, 2009).
Graph 5. Simulation of price elasticity of demand for organic food
25
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Tbeiame 109 b liii 2(Ft 15*/* 5№b 3)0ii Double
price j-pjtr LijLci hiflwi tugluer LiiLii hi ili-ei LlsLi« pike
Tbe price -of o-rsnmc food coin ,i red to conventionally produced food
Source: The data which the author obtained in his own field work
Conclusion
Based on the quantitative study carried out in Serbia, it can be concluded that consumer awareness and knowledge regarding organic food are still at a low level. Even among more aware and interested individuals, only a small percentage of them purchase organic food regularly, which means that there is gap between preferences and their actual buying behavior. With the aim of increasing knowledge and awareness about organic food and their benefits, consumer education must become the primary task of organic producers. Considering that it is proven that socio-demographic variables are an important determinant of the purchasing frequency of organic food, the food industry in Serbia can increase its sales by targeting certain segments of consumers. Marketing should be focused on consumers with a greater income, higher education and consumers who work in education, health and the public sector.
The expressed consumer preferences towards certain product categories require the adjustment ofthe range of organic products available on the national market in terms of greater production of vegetables, milk and dairy products. The studied willingness of consumers to pay for organic food suggests that the strategy of lower prices could be an important means of attracting new buyers and converting occasional into regular consumers. In the long run, more subventions should be allocated to organic producers, which would increase the extent of the offer and consequently cause prices to go down.
In combining instruments of the marketing mix, enough attention should be aimed at selecting the proper marketing channels, as well as the means and ways of marketing communication. Consumers on both the national and global market indicate a shift in their choice of purchase place from small-scale outlets to large-scale corporate retailers. Thus, the placement of organic products through large-scale food retailers, such as supermarkets and hypermarkets, represents an effective distribution strategy. In communication with the end user, producers and traders should focus on using the word of mouth, different advertising tools, and especially the internet, considering that these are the most important sources of information on organic food.
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PONASANJE POTROSACA U POGLEDU POTROSNJE ORGANSKE HRANE: DOKAZI IZ REPUBLIKE SRBIJE
Semir VehapP,Edin Dolicanin10 Rezime
U razvijenim zemljama traznja za organskom hranom ostvaruje snazan rast tokom poslednje decenije. Nasuprot tome, trziste organske hrane u Srbiji je u pocetnoj fazi razvoja i moze se smatrati trzistem u nastajanju. Dubljim razumevanjem ponasanja potrosaca na trzistu Srbije moguce je kroz adekvatan marketing pristup obezbediti vecu per capita potrosnju organske hrane i brzi razvoj nacionalnog trzista. U ovom radu predstavljeni su najvazniji rezultati do kojih se doslo na osnovu kvantitativnog istrazivanja stanovnika Srbije u ulozi kupaca i potencijalnih kupaca organske hrane. Istrazen je i predocen nivo znanja ispitanika u vezi organskih prehrambenih proizvoda, i otkriven je socio-demografski profil potrosaca kao vazna determinanta potrosnje datih proizvoda. Pored toga, analizirano je ponasanje potrosaca pri kupovini organske hrane sa stanovista osnovnih instrumenata marketing miksa: proizvoda, cene, marketing komuniciranja i kanala marketinga. Dobijeni rezultati su objasnjeni u odnosu na teorijsko znanje steceno iz ranijih istrazivanja sprovedenih na razlicitim nacionalnim trzistima. Na osnovu toga obezbeâena je cvrsta osnova za razvoj efikasnih marketing strategija.
Kljucne reci: organska hrana, trziste, potrosaci, ponasanje, Srbija
9 Dr Semir Vehapi, Asistent, Drzavni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru, Departman za Ekonomske nauke (Kabinet br. 23), Ulica Vuka Karadzica bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Republika Srbija, Telefon: +381 63 86 18 381, E-mail: [email protected]
10 Docent, dr Edin Dolicanin, Drzavni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru, Departman za Tehnicke nauke Ulica Vuka Karadzica bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Republika Srbija, Telefon: +381 63 66 55 02, E-mail: [email protected]
