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В настоящее время использование ГИС в логистике становится все более популярным. Это связано с тем, что ГИС позволяют повысить эффективность логистических процессов и снизить затраты.
ГИС - это специализированные системы, позволяющие обрабатывать и анализировать пространственные данные. Они предоставляют широкий спектр инструментов для работы с географической информацией, такими как пространственный анализ, моделирование и картографирование.
Таким образом, использование геоинформационных систем является актуальным и перспективным направлением в логистике. Оно позволяет повысить эффективность работы транспортных систем, улучшить управление инфраструктурой и оптимизировать логистические процессы. Список использованной литературы:
1. Геоинформатика: учебник для студентов вузов / В.С. Тикунов, Е.Г. Капралов, А.В. Заварзин и др.; под ред. В. С. Тикунова. - М.: Академия, 2005. - 480 с.
2. Геоинформационные системы: учебное пособие для студентов вузов, обучающихся по специальностям "География", "Экология", "Природопользование" / Н. В. Баранов, Ю. К. Васильев, И. И. Козин и др. - М: Академия, 2011. - 136 с.
3. Геоинформационное картографирование: учебное пособие / А. М. Берлянт. - М.: МГУ, 1998. - 64 с.
© Гараджаева Дж. Я., Назарова С.Н., 2023
УДК 62
Гаррыев Г.,
старший преподаватель Туркменский государственный институт финансов
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
Keywords:
computer, computation, block processor.
A computer is capable of executing a fixed variable set of instructions (programs). When the instructions are executed, even if they change, there is no need to re-interconnect the existing components of the computer, and the computation will continue normally. A computer has a structure that stores numbers for storing preliminary and calculated data when performing calculations, a special computing block - a processor that performs calculations, and devices for inputting and outputting information. The existence of such structures of the computer is the basis for its programmatic operation. A computer can automatically change the order of execution of instructions in a program depending on the state of the data. The instructions (programs) given to the computer to perform tasks are stored in the computer's memory and its operation has the following features:
1) the program of the work to be performed on the computer is stored in the computer's memory in the same way as the numbers that will be needed when the program works;
2) the instructions (commands) that make up the program for performing work on the computer are expressed in the form of numerical codes, which are indistinguishable from numbers. Let's show the sequence of computer program execution that takes the sum of two numbers:
1. The command counter in the program specifies the address of the command to be executed by the task. This address is stored in RAM and is assigned to some cell.
2. The processor control unit (DG) sends a read signal to the operating cell, where a sample of some of the designated cells is sampled, and that sample is loaded into the instruction register of the ALG.
3. The content of the command from the command register is transferred and identified.
4. The content of the specified order is passed to the aggregator.
5. The final operand requests data from memory, and the received data (operands) is stored in the register.
6. Executes the final command.
7. The result is sent to the arithmetic-logic structure (ALG). 8. The result is transferred to the specified number in the operative memory.
Computer programming is the process of obtaining output data based on the development of input data by a program. A program (English program, routine) is a sequence of simple computer-intelligible commands, also called computer commands. Computer instructions (English computer instruction) are bit numbers, and the computer accepts them and performs certain actions. A set of such commands depends on a specific computer and is called a computer (machine) language. Computer commands and data are stored in the form of files, called computer programs. A file called a program can be controlled by a computer with commands. Any program is designed according to some algorithm. An algorithm is a sequence of finite commands that must be executed to solve a problem. Algorithm is the Latin spelling of the name of our compatriot, the great medieval scientist Muhammad al-Khwarizmi (787-850 AD).
He developed an exact sequence of algebraic problems - an algorithm. An algorithm is a general method of solving a problem, its definition and formalization is a computer program. Algorithm allows to solve the same set of problems in parallel. An algorithm can be expressed in a formula, graphically, in plain text, or in some algorithmic language. Algorithmic language (English algorithmic language) is a system of notation intended to accurately describe algorithms for computers. Compared to the spoken language of normal humans, an algorithmic language is an artificial language, but it has a strict syntax and definition of how sentences are written. Any word or phrase has only one meaning. There are many different programming languages for computer problem solving algorithms. It is also called programming. The computer itself translates the program text expressed in the algorithmic language of the computer into the computer (machine) language (0 and 1). A program written in an algorithmic language can be read and understood by a human. But reading program text written in a computer language is very difficult or impossible. Algorithmic languages are also called programming languages. Programming languages such as Pascal, Visual Basic, Delphi, and Java are the most commonly used programming languages for algorithmic problems. A set of programs designed to solve problems on a computer is called computer software.
Computer software is divided into three groups as follows: 1. System software or general-purpose software that performs all kinds of utility functions. They copy the information used, provide diagnostic information about the computer, check the functionality of the computer's components, etc. gets things done. 2. Application software, they provide tasks for the computer to perform, for example, editing text documents, creating pictures or images, developing information arrays, etc. 3. Instrumental programming or programming systems, which provide the development of new computer programs in programming languages. Common applications or system software are not related to the specific use of the computer, but are typically associated with scheduling and managing tasks, managing access, and so on. It includes the following programs designed to perform tasks: 1. Operating systems, which are loaded into the operating memory when the computer is connected to the network. 2. Surrounding programs provide convenience when they are processed by a computer, for example, Norton Commander, etc. 3. Operating environments of interface systems, they are graphical interfaces, multiprogramming, etc. used to create 4. Drivers are loaded into the operating system when the computer starts up and are designed to control the computer's peripherals. 5. Utilities (English utility - utility), they are additional or service programs that provide additional services to computer users.
References:
1. Mayorov S.I. Information Business: Commercial Distribution and Marketing. - M., 2001.
2. Prokhorov A. The market of information technologies at the turn of the millennium. Computer Press., 2001, No. 1
© rappbieB r., 2023
УДК 62
Гафурова М.А.,
старший преподаватель Сейитгулыев Б.Х., преподаватель Айдогдыева Дж., студентка Атаева О., студентка
Научный руководитель: Хатджиева О.Г.,
преподаватель
Институт Инженерно-технических и транспортных коммуникаций Туркменистана CYBERSPORT - IS THE SPORT OF THE FUTURE Keywords:
security system, cybersport, IT technology.
Information security - many companies use management and production systems based on proprietary technologies or do not have access to the Internet, but as communication with partner's increases, the use of open standards and protocols significantly increases information security risks. Protecting industrial systems will require not only high-quality and secure communications, but also identity and access management systems.
Augmented reality is a technology in its early stages of development, but in the future it will allow employees to make decisions faster. For example, a worker can look at augmented reality glasses and get instructions on how to fix or replace a broken part in a production line. It can also be used in education, virtual exhibitions, print and advertising and retail.
A cyber-physical system is an information technology concept that involves connecting computing resources to physical entities of any kind, including biological and man-made entities. In cyber-physical systems, the computing component is distributed throughout the physical system. binds synergistically to the transporter and its constituents.
The main technological areas of cyber-physical systems can be listed. Individually, they are already used in different fields, but together they are changing the relationship between producers, suppliers and buyers, as well as between man and machine.
Big data analytics - Aggregation and comprehensive evaluation of data from various sources will become the standard for real-time decision making.
E-sports is a sport that uses IT technologies. Politics competition in virtual space around the world. Tournaments for such games are divided into computer classes, as well as by models, tasks and player skills.
