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10International scientific-practical conference on the topic of "Problems and perspectives of modern technology in teaching foreign languages"
COMPARING TERMINOLOGY OF TECHNICAL PROFESSION OF TWO
d https://doi.org/10.24412/2181-1784-2022-20-382-387
Abdinazarov Xasan Shaymanovich
Senior Lecturer, English language teacher, researcher, Department of Foreign Languages, Karshi Engineering-Economic institute
In the process of learning a foreign language, especially English, the terminology of subject matter or word is essential to acquire. As a matter offact, we study languages by comparing their significant feature, foreign language with mother tongue we use in every speech. The main aim of ours is to find out its lexical-semantic differences within two languages which are not in the same family or location. Besides, sometimes the equivalence of English lexical terms in Uzbek language is found mismatching in translation, that's why, some technical terms are used without any root or form changes.
Keywords: comparing terms, lexical-semantic feature, equivalence.
В процессе изучения иностранного языка, особенно английского, важно усвоить терминологию предмета или слова. По сути, мы изучаем языки, сравнивая их существенную черту, иностранный язык с родным языком, который мы используем в каждой речи. Наша главная цель - выяснить его лексико-семантические различия в пределах двух языков, которые не принадлежат к одной семье или одной местности. Кроме того, иногда эквивалентность английских лексических терминов в узбекском языке при переводе оказывается несоответствующей, поэтому некоторые технические термины используются без изменения корня или формы.
Ключевые слова: сравнение терминов, лексико-семантический признак, эквивалентность.
INTRODUCTION
Languages comparison or comparative linguistics mean comparing two or more languages, for example, English with Russian, English with Spanish, English with German, and English with Uzbek or Russian languages in lexical-semantic, syntactic,
LANGUAGES
ABSTRACT
АННОТАЦИЯ
International scientific-practical conference on the topic of "Problems and perspectives of modern technology in teaching foreign languages"
morphologic and other ways. However, the importance of comparing two languages is to make further analysis their features on lexical-sematic or syntactic, or morphologic. In each language has its terminosystem in every sphere of domain which forms whole terminology of a specialty such as oil and gas. Terminosystem of oil and gas in English is more rich than other languages because this sphere of working or studying was at first established in U.S. Furthermore, all terms denoting area of study mainly originated from Latin or French, or German languages but most of them came from Latin word such as "oil". What's more, terminosystem of Uzbek oil and gas is not so highly rich as English or Russian because lots of terms formed from terms of Russian languages, and English one and some even formed without root-changes. M.I. Rasulova, Z.I. Shukurova [2007] stated that comparative typology indicates a field of linguistics which explore and classifies languages according to their structural and functional features as it aims to explain the general characters and the structural diversity of the languages on the globe. By comparative linguistics we are able to investigate main distinction of languages according to their linguistic feature.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
The feature of terminosystem
Terminology is at present day, plays very essential role in Uzbek language. There are two views on the role of terminology in language vocabulary. According to the first one, term is recognized as an independent element of language, while other denotes as a rich element of language, and considered as a separated object, and they are similar in types of speech (dialect, slang, live speech). Additionally, the language of the system of terms is consciously formed. However, terms does not appear spontaneously in language, they are invented due to being needed by society
[H. Dadaboyev. 2019:4-11]. What's more, terminology of each sphere differs from other disciplines regarding to their concept. Terms of oil and gas terminosystem play efficient role in learning and defining the unknown technical terms and its acquisition. Besides, terminology of oil and gas is very difficult understand because they are so technical which do not allow you to find any equivalents in L1 in dictionaries. While comparing terms of two languages, their similarities, relevant to one field, we can encounter with lots of difficulties in lexical-semantic, syntactic and morphological features. Consequently, terms are usually polysemantic in linguistic aspect. We often meet with the same terms which can have different meanings in sciences.
International scientific-practical conference on the topic of "Problems and perspectives of modern technology in teaching foreign languages"
What's more, terms denotes one field of profession which characterizes main properties of that specialty, but words signify universal phenomena. According to linguistics [Y.Pinxasov. 1960: M.Mirzaev, S, Usmonov, I. Rasulov 1970; R.Donoyorov.1977] terms indicates the expressions on technics, subject matter, profession and they are categorized into professional terms and scientific terms. Besides, term express exact notion of science and profession. Terms in general notions are associated with special areas of knowledge and activity, are an object that is inevitably dealt with by all sciences. These sciences are the natural, technical and social sciences, consequently, special concepts relating to the subject matter of specialty expresses scientific, technical, economic, socio-political terms, and notions of systems express terminological systems such as terminosystem of all professions.
Additionally, methodological sciences (philosophy, logic, semiotics, cybernetics, general systems theory), are adjacent to interdisciplinary fields of knowledge (such as mathematics, computer science, ecology). Besides, sciences, scientific disciplines associate with specific and general concepts and categories by terms — technical or common scientific [V. M . Leichik. 2009:15].
Terminological Borrowings
Lexical units as a terms borrowed from other languages. Terminological borrowings are terms, language units, reflecting cultural characteristics of a particular ethnic community (culture-specific, connotative vocabulary). The most important motive for borrowing is the fact that another language can be a source for acquiring values, achievements, or lifestyle. New meanings are built on the basis of existing ones, which serve as semantic analyzers of a knowable object and components of the generated meaning. Due to scientific and technical progress and improvement of oil and gas production processes develop various semantic processes in terminology, complicate them, contribute to formation of complex terms, borrowing of foreign terminological units [L.Z. Samigullina, E.F. Samigullina, O.V. Danilova, I.A. Latypova. 2019:58]. However, lexical borrowings from English and Russian languages into Uzbek languages are more. They are propane (propan in L1), butane (butan in L1),methane (metan in L1),ethane (etan in L1), asbestos (azbestoz in L1), asphalt (asphalt in L1) and others. According to the statement of H. Dadaboyev Uzbek language was enriched from different languages' terms: skaner, sayt, karate, internet auksion, tomografiya, spektr, respirator, psixolingvistika, pragmatika, lingvokulturologiya, semema, parodontoz, bakteriya, videotelefon, katapulta, radiolokator, tatami, pley-off, gravatizatsiya,
International scientific-practical conference on the topic of "Problems and perspectives of modern technology in teaching foreign languages"
spagetizatsiya, transgender, freym, geshtalt, konsept, disskurs, lemmatizatsiya and akademik litsey, kollej, magistr, magistratura, bakalavr,tender, preferensiya, investitsiya, litsenziya, diler, megapolis, ekologiya, ekspert, demping, inflyatsiya, kliring, supermarket, minimarket, giper market, chat, paynet, elektorat, narkobiznes, milliy aviakompaniya, klasster, robot-taksi, drayver, elektron viza, tranzit biznes, trend, brend, logistika, vatsapp, rouming, instagram, telegram, mikrozaym, investor, onlayn, oflayn, onlayn-broker, onlayn rejim, keys-stadi, innovatsion texnoparkothers. However, in the system of oil and gas in Uzbek language, some terms were found; neft zaxirasi, neft koni, neft maxsulotlari, gaz kondensati, metan, og'ir neft, propan, butan, polimer materiallar, polietilen, polivinilxlorid, nitrilakril kislota, suyultirilgan gaz, xom neft [H. Dadaboyev. 2019:46].
Comparison two Languages-English and Uzbek
In comparing and contrasting languages by their similarities or differences within their language system, each of the language systems usually compared according to their material (sentences, words, terms, and texts). In this process, the language unit of comparing two languages and their equivalence with each other is highly considered.
There are some principles indicating the features of comparative linguistics and literature;
1) comparative linguistics includes the identification of universal principles for comparative description of national languages system but comparative literature establishes principles for national culture;
2) both of them contains the main features of the comparison, one represents language system but other indicates system within literatures;
3) both of them establish general patterns of typological similarity, which can be determined systemically, genetically areal
4) they study relationships and interactions of national languages with each other, and national literature;
5) typological forms is carried out within language and among ones [J. Buranov.1973:70].
The lexical-sematic feature of comparing two languages; English and Uzbek in the contexts
1) Crude oil goes from the well to a refinery [Lewis Lansford and D'Arcy Vallance: 2011:16].
Xom-neft neft quduqdan qayta tozalash uchun yuboriladi.
International scientific-practical conference on the topic of "Problems and perspectives of modern technology in teaching foreign languages"
2) Refineries separate crude oil into light and heavy products, such as petrol (light) and asphalt (heavy) [Lewis Lansford and D'Arcy Vallance: 2011:16].
Tozalash neft zavodlari xom-neftni yengil (benzin) va og'ir (asphalt) maxsulotlariga ajratadi.
3) Gas processing plants separate the different gases in natural gas [Lewis Lansford and D'Arcy Vallance: 2011:16].
Gazni qayta ishlaydigan zavodlar tabiy gazni turli xil turlarga ajratadi.
4) Seismic waves are sound waves, they can travel through rock layers [Lewis Lansford and D'Arcy Vallance: 2011:29].
Sesmik to'lqinlar tovush to'lqinlar bo'lib, yer qatlamidan utaoladi.
5) Most oil companies use vibrator trucks to make seismic waves [lewis Lansford and D'Arcy Vallance: 2011:29].
Ko'pgina neft ishlab chiqaradigan tashkilotlar sesmik tadqiqot uchun tebranma mashinasidan foydalanishadi.
CONCLUSIONS
According to above-mentioned sentences technical terminology such as crude oil, well, and refinery, petrol, asphalt, gas processing plants, different gases, seismic waves have relevant equivalents in Uzbek language but vibrator truck has not equivalent in L1.
If we analyze the syntactic feature of two languages, we observe followings; English is from Romano-German family but Uzbek language originated from Oltoy languages, Turkish family and by typology it includes in the group of agglutinative, so the above-mentioned sentences in English comparing with Uzbek translation mismatches because they are also different from each other by grammatical point of view which means syntactic-structural. In English grammar the function of predicative is mostly used after subject but in Uzbek grammar it is used at the end of the sentence.
REFERENCES
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International scientific-practical conference on the topic of "Problems and perspectives of modern technology in teaching foreign languages"
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