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2. The interpretive domain is concerned with activities that involve understanding spoken and written texts for the purposes of developing new meanings, new ideas, new feeling, and new experiences.
3. The presentational domain shapes the communicative activities primarily purposing to present or express ideas, information, feelings, and experiences through both the spoken and written word.
Conclusion. The goal of communication is to share and co-operate meaning among the communicating individuals. A teacher shares his/his emotions and thoughts with the students in order to create a behavioral change and performs face to face interpersonal communication while contacting students and exchanging information with them.
References
1. Brown Douglas H. Teaching by Principles; an Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. New York: Longman, 2001.
2. Klein B.Stephen. Learning Principles and Applications. New York: Cambridge University Press., 1996. 34 p.
3. Nunan David. Language Teaching Methodology. Hemel Hempstead: Phoenix, 1995. P. 48.
4. O'Connor R.E. Teaching Word Recognition Effective Strategies for Students with Learning Difficulties. New York. Guildford Press., 2007.
5. Rasinski T. The fluent reader: Oral reading strategies for building word recognition, fluency, and comprehension. New York. NY: Scholastic Professional Books, 2003.
COMPARATIVE SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF INDIAN AND ENGLISH VERBS Agzamova G.A.
Agzamova Gulchehra Abdullayevna - Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF INTENSIVE TEACHING OF SECOND LANGUAGE, UZBEK STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article states the prevailing assumption in recent implementations that the rules linking debates to syntactic cases are universal. By this, we mean that verbs with similar lexical semantic features across languages map onto a similar set of basic syntactic structures. This investigation reveals syntactic and semantic varieties and similarities while analyzing English verbs and Indian verbs. This preliminary study will help us in structuring lexicon. It will also help in passage data in the process of taking tasks like automatic rendition, information withdrawing, etc.
Keywords: grammatical category, semantics, predicate, agent, syntax, homogeneous description, word order, verb.
Introduction. Verbs are crucial grammatical category as they shape out the plot of the utterances. It is unbelievable that sentence is without verb. The competence of a speaker on a lexical component recommends that he or she has more lexical basic than the knowledge of word-specific elements. All the grammatical information with regard to tense, aspect, number, gender, etc is delivered by the verbs in a context.
Methodology. The verb is the binding agent in a sentence. The noun phrases in a clause link to the main verb of the clause according to the verb' s selection preferences.1 Here are listed the following examples: (a) English: Ram gave a book to Sita. Verb - gave
1 Palmer, Martha, Dang, Hoa Trang, Karin Kipper. Integrating compositiona semantics into a verb lexicon. COLING-2000 Eighteenth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Saarbrücken, Germany, July 31 - August 4, 2000.
(b) Hindi: raam- ne siita-ko pustak dii. Verb - dii (dena)
In the samplesl, English verb 'give' and Hindi verb 'dena' in 1(a) and 1(b) respectively. The predicates 'give' and 'dena' are equivalent and their categories are identical too. Only the word sequence is distinguishing between Hindi (SOV) and English (SVO) 1.
In some cases it is not just the word order, but there is something more that makes the difference in the syntactic structure of the verb as can be seen in the
TAM of the following examples2:
2. (a) English: The boy hobbled into the room
Agent V Goal
(b) Hindi: *la Dkaa kamre-mee langa Daayaa.
Agent Goal V
Boy room-Loc hobble-Sg.Msc.Perf.
(c) Hindi: laDkaa kamre-mee langadate-hue aayaa
Agent Goal Adv (manner) V
Boy room-Loc hobble-while come-Sg.Msc.Perf.
The boy went to the shop, hobbling.
3. (a) English: He broke the lock open.
Agent V Patient Adj.
(b) Hindi: *usa-ne taalaa khulaa toDaa.
Agent Patient Adj V
He-Erg lock open break-Sg.Msc.Perf
(c) Hindi: usa-ne taalaa toDa-kara kholaa.
Agent Patient Adv (manner) V
He-Erg lock break-by open-Sg.Msc.Perf
In this article, we will explore what is the cause of the difference in the syntactic frames of certain verbs in English and Hindi as exemplified above. For this, we have used two resources: Levin's verb classes and Verb Net. These two resources deal with English verbs. But, we think that these two resources can be helpful in the study of Hindi verb syntax and semantics 3.
The main aim of our study of verb semantics and syntax is to contribute to structure the lexicon and to allow for a better organized, more homogeneous description of the semantics4. From a more formal point of view, the main aims are:
• the identification of meaning components forming the semantics of verbs
• the specification of more subtle meaning elements that differentiate closely related verbs and
• the study of the cooperation between syntax and semantics.
Conclusion. The categorization of verbs and replacing them in the frames according to the tendency on sorting out and other semantic belongings seem vital in most text information processing tasks like machine translation, information extraction etc. This study will help in machine translation of English sentences with the types of verbs we have drawn attention to Hindi. It will also give favor in establishing concept focused the most essential dictionaries.
'Levin, B. Building verb meanings. In: Butt, M. and W.Geuder (eds.), The Projection of Arguments: Lexical and Compositional Factors. Stanford, California: CSLI Publications, 1998.
2 Bhattacharyya, Pushpak and Debasri Chakrabarti, Syntactic Alternations of Hindi Verbs with Reference to the Morphological Paradigm, Language Engineering Conference (LEC'02), 2002.
3 Palmer, Martha, Dang, Hoa Trang, Karin Kipper. Integrating compositiona semantics into a verb lexicon. COLING-2000 Eighteenth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Saarbrücken, Germany, July 31 - August 4, 2000.
4 Levin, B. Building verb meanings. In: Butt, M. and W.Geuder (eds.), The Projection of Arguments: Lexical and Compositional Factors. Stanford, California: CSLI Publications, 1998.
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References
1. Bhattacharyya Pushpak and Debasri Chakrabarti. Syntactic Alternations of Hindi Verbs with Reference to the Morphological Paradigm, Language Engineering Conference (LEC'02), 2002.
2. Levin B. Building verb meanings. In: Butt M. and W. Geuder (eds.). The Projection of Arguments: Lexical and Compositional Factors. Stanford, California: CSLI Publications, 1998.
3. Palmer Martha, Dang Hoa Trang, Karin Kipper. Integrating compositiona semantics into a verb lexicon. C0LING-2000 Eighteenth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Saarbrücken, Germany. July 31 - August 4, 2000.
4. Palmer Martha, Karin Kipper, Hoa Trang Dang. Class-Based Construction of a Verb Lexicon. AAAI-2000 Seventeenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Austin. TX. July 30 - August 3, 2000.
УЧЕТ КОГНИТИВНЫХ СТИЛЕЙ УЧАЩИХСЯ В ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯХ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННЫМ ЯЗЫКАМ Храмченко Т.А.
Храмченко Татьяна Александровна - преподаватель, кафедра теории и методики преподавания русского языка как иностранного, Белорусский государственный университет, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь
Аннотация: перед современной методикой преподавания сегодня остро стоит проблема аспектного обучения иностранному языку. Большое значение при обучении имеют не только лингвистические способности, но и когнитивные стили студентов, которые предполагают коммуникативный либо аналитический тип изучения иностранного языка. Важно подобрать такую стратегию, которая бы учитывала индивидуальные особенности учащихся и максимально раскрывала бы их потенциал в процессе обучения. В статье рассматриваются альтернативные подходы к традиционному обучению, представленные с точки зрения белорусских и российских исследователей, а также специалистов из дальнего зарубежья в области лингводидактики. Очевидно, что комплексная работа психолингвистов в области преподавания иностранных языков потребует дальнейшего развития как в теоретическом, так и в практическом плане.
Ключевые слова: когнитивные стили, психолингвистика, лингводидактика, альтернативные подходы, инновационные технологии, стратегии обучения.
В соответствии с основными принципами коммуникативной лингвистики, успешность речевого общения зависит от способности реализовывать речевую интенцию, степени владения лексико-грамматическими единицами языка и речевыми формулами, необходимыми для общения. Но эффективная коммуникация - это не только речевая деятельность, а язык - это не только средство общения, это также и средство развития интеллекта, без которого невозможно овладеть творческой речью.
Эффективность овладения языком во многом зависит от лингвистических способностей учащихся, однако без учета индивидуальных особенностей иностранцев это суждение будет не полным. В научной литературе выделяются такие черты как особенности национального характера, свойства темперамента, тип нервной системы и др. По мнению белорусского когнитолога-психолингвиста С.И. Лебединского, в процессе овладения иностранным языком важную роль играют интеллектуально-когнитивные и
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