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U krainian Journal of Ecology
Ukrainian Journal ofEcology, 2021, 11(9), 13-16, doi: 10.15421/2021_288
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Checklist of soil analysis of some major localities of lower
Tan awal, Pakistan
Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra-21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 04.10.2021. Accepted: 10.11.2021.
From assessing the fertility status of soil, 51 soil samples were collected from different localities of Lower Tanawal Pakistan and analyzed in the Water and Soil Testing Laboratory Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The soil samples were found loam and clay loam in texture. Almost all soils have pH, from acidic to alkaline. The Organic Matter content was in the range of marginal and deficient. The K content is sufficient in maximum localities. E.C contents of the soil in all the localities were normal. The study will help to provide information about soil of the Lower Tanawal. As no research work was done on the soil analysis of the Lower Tanawal in past. Keywords: Soil, Lower Tanawal, pH, Organic matter, Localities.
Introduction
The Lower Tanawal located in District Abbottabad, Province Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is situated between 34°12'328 and 34°15 '761 North latitude to 73°09'398 and 73°03'316 East longitudes. The Lower Tanawal located between the Mansehra in the North and the Haripur to the South, and nearby to the Northeast of the Tarbela Lake (Fig. 1 and 2). The border of Lower Tanawal start from the village Paswal which is away from Abbottabad on a distance of 10 km (Bibi et a/., 2019). The Lower Tanawal is part of the Lesser Himalayas (Hussain and Ilahi, 1991). In Lower Tanawal various terms are used for cultivated or uncultivated land. These terms are Rakkar, Maira, Kund or Nullah and Kalsi. Rakkar is bad stony land at the base of hills. Maira is mixture of clay and sandy land. Kund or Nullah is land lying on the edge of a stream. Kalsi is sloping land on hill side (Watson, 1907: Gazetteer of the Hazara, 2000). Soil
Soils are the supporting factor for plant life and from which they obtained their support and the required essential nutrients. Each soil has its own physical and chemical properties. The agricultural productivity depends on the type of soil and its chemical and physical properties. To bring about valuable changes in soil management, a detailed knowledge of these properties of the soil is vital (Haq, 2004).
Fig. 1. Location map of lower tanawal, Pakistan.
Fig. 2. Map of lower tanawal showing localities.
Materials and Methods Soil collection
The Lower Tanawal, District Abbottabad, Pakistan was chosen for the soil analysis. This research study was conducted during 20162018. The 52 major localities of Lower Tanawal were selected for the purpose of soil analysis (Fig. 2). Soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-30 cm randomly from each locality. The soil samples were kept in polythene bags and labeled. The soil samples were chemically and physically analyzed in Water and Soil Testing Laboratory Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Phosphorus and Potassium
The Phosphorus and Potassium contents of the soil of Lower Tanawal were determined with the help of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Fonge et al., 2011).
Organic matter
Walkley and Black's titration method was adopted to calculate the organic matter (Fonge et al., 2011). Soil texture
Soil texture was determined by using Hydrometer method (Ghani and Amir, 2003). Electrical conductivity
Electrical conductivity meter was used to determine the electrical conductivity (Khan et al., 2010). Soil pH
The pH contents of the soil of the Lower Tanawal were taken with the help of pH Meter (Khan et al., 2010).
Results and Discussion Phosphorus
The result of Phosphorus content of soil is given in (Table 1). From the table, it can be seen that p content ranged from 3.4 to 9.4 mg/kg. It can be determined from these results that there was a constant change of p content with respect to different localities out of 51 localities 41 localities have less than 7 mg/kg P.
Its mean these localities have insufficient p contents, while 10 localities (Garamri, Pehal, Pasiyal, Kangrora, Jabbi, Thalian, Jarral, Nara Doga, Khuliala, Khani Thethra ) have more than 7 mg/kg p contents. The result suggests that in few localities p contents was satisfactory, but in most localities p contents was deficient. Similar results were noted by soltanpour 1985 (Table. 1). Potassium
Result of k content of soil is given in Table 1. It can be noted from the table that k content ranged from 80 to 220 mg kg-1. The result suggests that k content was sufficient in all the soils of all localities under study. Similar results were given by sulthanpour 1985 (Table. 1).
Organic matter
The O.M ranged was from 0.35-6.60. The results shown that in 12 localities (Thallay, Bagarian, Darrah, Khalora Gali, Mubarak, Gramri, Pehal, Baandi, Khuliala, Thalian Jabri, Rakran, have sufficient contents of Organic Matter, while other localities have low percentage of Organic Matter (Table. 1).
Soil texture
Soil texture of the Lower Tanawal localities was loam to clay loam. As 12 localities have clay Loam while other have loamy soil (Table. 1).
Electrical conductivity
The EC range of soil of Lower Tanawal was from 0.68 to 1.15. The results show that the soils of the all the localities were normal. Similar result reported by Bilal et al, 2017 (Table. 1). Soil pH
All soil samples are acidic to alkaline in reaction. It was noted that 15 localities have acidic soil and remaining localities have alkaline soil. Oster and Shainberg reported that pH is not an accepted standard because it likely to be buffered by soil. Similar result described by Bilal et al. 2017 (Table. 1).
Table 1. Soil analysis of different localities of lower Tanawal, Pakistan.
S.No Name Locality E.C pH Organic matter Phosphors/kg Potassium mg/kg Texture
1 Panduthana Q.7B 7.Q4 Q.65 5.5 12Q Loam
2 Patheri Syedan l.QQ 7.44 Q.65 5.40 12Q Loam
3 Karmati Q.93 7.22 Q.7Q 6.20 12Q Loam
4 Thallay Q.72 6.BQ 1.25 3.4 160 Clay loam
5 Mubarak Q.94 7.15 1.35 5.1 1BQ Clay loam
б Mundarra Q.9Q 7.79 Q.6Q 4.3 12Q Loam
7 Siyaal Q.B2 б.7б Q.5Q 4.3 12Q Loam
B Sargal 1.Q2 7.2B Q.75 4.7 12Q Loam
9 Garamri 1.1Q б.94 1.35 7.B 14Q Clay loam
1Q Pehal Q.95 7.1B 1.5Q B.1 2QQ Clay loam
11 Baandi Q.9Q 7.QB 1.2Q 5.9 2QQ Clay loam
12 Pasiyal Q.72 7.QB Q.B5 9.4 12Q Loam
13 Thathi Faqeer sb Q.B4 7.37 Q.7Q 5.3 12Q Loam
14 Khani Thathiara Q.9Q 7.1б Q.35 7.1 1BQ Loam
15 Fateh Bandi Q.75 7.1б Q.6Q 4.б 12Q Loam
1б Kotnali Q.9B 7.QB Q.35 б.1 12Q Loam
17 Bachha Sani Q.B7 7.Q4 Q.6Q 5.4 12Q Loam
1B Jarral l.QB б.9б Q.5Q 7.B 100 Loam
19 Nara Doga 1.15 7.Q4 q.65 9.Q BQ Loam
2Q Bandi Darah Q.95 б.б9 Q.45 B.2 14Q Loam
21 Khuliala Q.9B б.59 1.25 7.1 2QQ Clay Loam
22 Thalian Q.B6 7.13 1.2Q 5.9 2QQ Clay Loam
23 Jabbi Q.75 7.1Q 1.35 7.2 2QQ Clay Loam
24 Jabri Q.B2 7.QB Q.95 5.5 2QQ Clay loam
25 Rakraan Q.BQ 7.22 1.QQ 4.B 12Q Loam
2б Kotha Doga Q.77 7.Q7 Q.BQ 7.1 12Q Loam
27 Pind.K. Khan Q.B1 7.1б Q.75 5.Q 14Q Loam
2B Sherwan Kalan Q.94 6.B2 0.60 4.9 22Q Loam
29 Thoray Q.B6 6.9Q Q.7Q 5.5 22Q Loam
3Q Sherwan Khurd Q.9Q 7.19 Q.5Q 5.б 100 Loam
31 Khalora Gali Q.9B 7.12 1.25 б.1 2QQ Clay Loam
32 Takia Hal 1.Q5 7.15 Q.9Q 7.Q 12Q Loam
33 Khnda Khoo 1.Q2 б.92 0.60 б.3 12Q Loam
34 Kangrora Q.91 6.BQ Q.7Q 7.2 12Q Loam
35 Habibabad Q.92 7.1B Q.5Q 5.B 160 Loam
Зб Khalkheter 1.Q2 7.2Q 0.60 б.9 160 Loam
37 Darrah 0.98 7.15 1.30 4.7 160 Clay loam
38 Bagarian 0.79 7.22 6.60 6.3 100 Loam
39 Sando Gali 0.81 7.17 0.50 5.8 120 Loam
40 Panyali 0.73 7.28 0.75 5.7 120 Loam
41 Gali Syedan 0.71 7.19 0.65 6.4 180 Loam
42 Chariala 0.74 6.94 0.70 7.8 120 Loam
43 Paswal 0.78 7.18 0.40 6.8 120 Loam
44 Patiyan 0.92 7.32 0.50 5.4 120 Loam
45 Thandi khui 0.87 7.10 0.70 5.8 120 Loam
46 Chamhati 0.79 7.07 0.50 6.8 120 Loam
47 Khalabat 0.84 7.14 0.35 7.2 120 Loam
48 Thathi Kamila 0.68 7.28 0.60 6.8 120 Loam
49 Berri 0.75 6.90 0.40 5.3 100 Loam
50 Chakar Paaiyan 0.69 6.85 0.65 5.9 140 Loam
51 Purani Patheri 0.75 7.13 0.50 6.2 140 Loam
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Citation:
Bibi, A., Iqbal, Z., Shah, G.M. (2021). Checklist of soil analysis of some major localities of lower Tanawal, Pakistan. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 11 (9), 13-16.
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