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Ukrainian Journal of Ecology
Ukrainian Journal ofEcoicgy, 2021, 11(1), 87-93, doi: 10.15421/2021_ 13
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
First inventory survey of dominant families (Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, and Lamiaceae) of Lower Tanawal, Pakistan
A. Bibi*S, Z. Iqbal, Gh. M. Shah
Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra-21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Corresponding Author E-mail: adeelabibi4@gmail. com Received: 30.12.2020. Accepted:30.01.2021
The present study is a first attempt to describe the dominant plant families of the flora of Lower Tanawal, Pakistan. It provides valuable information about the different plant species of dominant plant families of the area. The present work is based upon investigating four dominant families (Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, andLamiaceae) of Lower Tanawal District Abbottabad, Pakistan. Many study visits were conducted during the year 2016-2018 for the documentation and collection of data. The present paper deals with the 88 species belonging to 64 genera of four dominant families in which Asteraceae was dominant with 25 species followed by Fabaceae 24 species Rosaceae with 20 species and Lamiaceae with 19 species. Keywords: Asteraceae, Lower Tanawal; Fabaceae, Rosaceae; Lamiaceae
Introduction
The Asteraceae is derived from the word, Aster which means composite. Asteraceae family is also known as a sunflower family. This is the leading family of flowering plants with more than 24,000 species and 1600-1700 genera in the world (Funk et al., 2005). Asteraceae family plants can be found in annual, biennial, or perennial herbs under shrubs, shrubs, and few trees. Asteraceae are a diverse family, commonly found in the tropical forests and temperate regions. Fabaceae is also called as pea family. It is a diverse plant family with 770 genera and 19,500 species (Beech et al., 2017). It is the third-largest family of angiosperms after Asteraceae and Orchidaceae in the world. The family has economic importance because it provides protein and micronutrients for health and livelihoods.
Rosaceae is also called the rose family. It is a medium-sized family of flowering plants, having 4828 species and 91 genera (Christenhusz et al., 2016). The name is derived from the genus Rosa. The family Rosaceae includes herbs, shrubs, and trees (Watson et al., 1992). Several economically significant products come from the Rosaceae, including many edible fruits. Lamiaceae. The Lamiaceae or Labiatae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint family. Many of the plants of this family are aromatic. Many family species are extensively cultivated, not only for their aromatic qualities, but also for their easiness cultivation. The family has a worldwide distribution. The Lamiaceae contains about 236 genera (Harley et al., 2004) and contain 6,700 to 7,200 species (Heywood et al., 2007).
Lower Tanawal lies in District Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan. The boundary of Lower Tanawal starts from the village Paswal which is away from Abbottabad on the distance of 10 km and same road near the Soban Gali leads to adjunct areas of Union Council Chamhad and at the end its boundary attached with the District Haripur (Adeela et al., 2019). The earlier studies, on these plants' families have been made by different workers in Pakistan. Qaiser and Rubina (2002), Ahmad et al. (2012), Ishtiaq et al. (2012), Mahmood et al. (2011), and Shinwari (2010) describe indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants from northern areas of Pakistan regarding to these families.
Materials and Methods
The study area survey includes the study trips for the collection of different plants of dominant families of Lower Tanawal, Pakistan. It was carried out during 2016-2018. The random sampling method was used to explore the various species of dominant families like Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, and Lamiaceae from the study area. Several field trips were made during the monsoon, winter, and summer seasons. Plants were collected from a wide range of agricultural fields and forest areas. Data about plant species like Habitat, Habit, flowering and fruiting, and general distribution were written on field notebooks. After completing the plant collection from the study area, herbariums sheets of collected specimens were prepared (Jain, Rao, 1960). Preserved plant specimens were placed in Herbarium, Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan. The plants were collected from the area and identified with the available literature, herbarium specimen,
and flora of Pakistan (Nasir and Ali, 1970-1989). Information was collected from the local community. During the visit to the study area, discussion and informal talks were conducted with the local people. The local population provided information about the local plants.
Results
Total 88 species belonging to 64 genera of four dominant families in which Asteraceae was most dominant with 25 species followed by Fabaceae 24 species and Rosaceae with 20 species and Lamiaceae with 19 species. The present investigation revealed that 25 species belonging to 21 genera of the family Asteraceae was documented in Lower Tanawal District Abbottabad, Pakistan (Table 1). During this research work, it was observed that Anaphalis (2), Artemisia (2), Lactuca (2), and Sonchus (2) are the dominant genus of the family Asteraceae consisting of two species each. The maximum flowering was recorded in March-April, and maximum fruiting was observed May to June in the plant of Asteraceae (Table 1). The result showed that therophytes were the dominant life form in the Asteraceae family and mesophyll was dominant leaf size spectra (Figures 1 and 2). The result further indicated that 24 species and 17 genera belong to Fabaceae. Desmodium was the dominant genus of the family Fabaceae consisting of three species. The result showed that the herbaceous flora of the Fabaceae family was dominant with 12 species. The maximum flowering was documented in March-May, and maximum fruiting was observed in June-July in the plant species of Fabaceae (Table 2). The therophytes (8) are the dominant life form in the members of the Fabaceae family, and Nanophyll (8) is the dominant leaf size spectra (Figures 1 and 2). The result of the survey indicated that 20 species and 11 genera belong to Rosaceae. Prunus, Pyrus, Rubus were dominant genus consisting of three species each (Table 3). The results have shown that shrubs were dominant, with ten species belong to the Rosaceae family. The maximum flowering was observed in March-April, and maximum fruiting was observed in May-July (Table 3). The Nanophenrophytes (8) were the dominant life form in the members of the Rosaceae family, and mesophyll (8) was the dominant leaf size spectra of the Rosaceaefamly (Figs. 1 and 2).
It was revealed that a total of 19 species belonging to 15 genera of the family Lamiaceae was documented in Lower Tanawal District Abbottabad, Pakistan (Table 4). During this research work, it was perceived that Calamintha (2), Mentha (2), Nepeta (2), and Salvia (2) are a dominant genus of family Lamiaceae consisting of two species each. The results show that in the family Lamiaceae, herbaceous flora was dominant with 16 species and three plant species were shrubs (Table 4). The maximum flowering was recorded in March-April, and maximum fruiting was observed in May- July in the plant species of family Lamiaceae (Table 4). The result shows that therophytes were the dominant life form in the Lamiaceae family members, and microphyll was the dominant leaf size spectra of the Lamiaceae family (Figs 1 and 2). Hussain et al. (2015) also conducted a study on floristic diversity in Mastuj Valley, District Chitral, and Hindukush Range, Pakistan. They recognized 571 plant species belonging to 82 families. Asteraceae was the most dominant family with 91 species, and Poaceae was the second dominant family having 58 species. The next was Fabaceaewith 38 species, Lamiaceae and Rosaceae, each with 26 species.
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Fig. 1. Graphical representation of life form of dominant families of Lower Tanawal.
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Fig. 2. Graphical representation of leaf spectra of dominant families of Lower Tanawal.
Discussion
This research study reveals that no such study has been conducted on dominant families of Lower Tanawal, Pakistan. The present data about dominant families of Lower Tanawal District Abbottabad, Pakistan, would be a good source for taxonomic data. There is a need to conduct a formal study on these plants' families and their medicinal utilities. The survey revealed that herbaceous flora of Asteraceae was dominant with 23 species while two plant species Xanthium strumarium L. Echinops echinatus Roxb were shrubs. Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. was the dominant species of family Asteraceae in the study area. Parthenium hysterophorus Linn is found along roadsides and becoming a horrible weed in the area. Artemisia scorpia Kitam., Bidenpilosa L., and Xanthium strumarium L. are used to treat constipation, diarrhea, and leprosy.
Table 1. List of plant species of family Asteraceae recorded from Lower Tanawal, Pakistan.
Plant name Family Habit Flowering Fruiting
Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. Astreaceae Herb Apr-June July-Sep
Anaphalis triplinervis(Sims) Sims ex C.B. Clarke Astreaceae Herb Apr-May July-Aug
Artemisia absinthium L. Astreaceae Herb Mar-Apr May-June
Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kitam. Astreaceae Herb Apr-May June-July
Biden pilosa L. Astreaceae Herb Mar-June July-Aug
Carduus nutans L. Astreaceae Herb Apr-May June-Sep
Carthamus oxyacantha M. Bieb. Astreaceae Herb Mar-Apr May-June
Cichorium intybus L. Astreaceae Herb Mar-Apr May-June
Cirsium falconeri(Hook.f.) Petr. Astreaceae Herb Mar-May May-June
Conyza canadensis L. Astreaceae Herb Mar-June June-Sep
Echinops echinatus Roxb. Astreaceae Shrub Mar-May June-Aug
Lactuca indica L. Astreaceae Herb Mar-Apr Apr-May
Lactuca serriola L. Astreaceae Herb May-June June-July
Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Ramayya & Rajagop al Astreaceae Herb Mar-June June-July
Parthenium hysterophorus L. Astreaceae Herb Mar-Apr May-June
Pentanema vestitumWall. ex. DC. Astreaceae Herb Mar-Apr May-June
Saussurea heteromalla D. Don Astreaceae Herb Mar-May May-June
Senecio aquaticus Hill. Astreaceae Herb Mar- June June-July
Sonchus oleracus(L.) Hill Astreaceae Herb Mar-Apr Apr-July
Sonchus asper(L.) Hill Asteraceae Herb Apr-May June-July
Tagetes minuta L. Astreaceae Herb Apr-May June-July
Taraxacum officinale L. Astreaceae Herb Mar-Apr Apr-May
Tricholepis angustifolia DC. Astreaceae Herb Mar-Apr Apr-Aug
Tridax procumbens L. Astreaceae Herb Mar-May May-June
Xanthium strumarium L. Astreaceae Shrub Mar-June May-June
Indigofera heterantha Brandis was the most common species of the family Fabaceae in Lower Tanawal. Duchesnea indica (Jacks.) Focke and Rubus ellipticusSm. were the most common species of family Rosaceae in Lower Tanawal. Cydonia oblonga Mill. was the rare tree species in the study area. Mentha arvensis L and Salvia moorcroftiana Wall. ex Benth. were the most common species of family Lamiaceae in the area of Lower Tanawal. Our findings are also agreed with Izhar et al. (2015), who conducted Taxonomic diversity and ethnobotanical characteristics of the family Lamiaceae of the area of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. He reported 35 species belonging to 21 genera of family Lamiaceae from the Study area in which Salvia and Nepeta were found dominant genera.
Table 2. List of plant species of family Fabaceae recorded from Lower Tanawal, Pakistan.
Plant name Family Habit Flowering Fruiting
Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Fabaceae Tree Apr-May June-July
Acacia modesta Wall. Fabaceae Tree May-June June-July
Albizia lebbeck(L.) Benth. Fabaceae Tree Mar-May May-Sep
Astragalus leucocephalus Bunge Fabaceae Herb Mar-May June-July
Bauhinia variegata L. Fabaceae Tree Mar-Apr May-June
Caesalpiniapulcherrima (L). Sw. Fabaceae Tree Mar-Apr Apr-June
Crotalaria rotund/foliaJ.F. Gimel Fabaceae Herb Mar-Apr Apr-June
Delbergia sisso Roxb. Fabaceae Tree Mar-May May-Aug
Desmodium gangeticum L. Fabaceae Shrub Mar-May June-July
Desmodium elegan DC. Fabaceae Shrub Apr-May June-July
Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. Fabaceae Shrub Apr-May June-July
Indigofera linifolia (L.F.) Retz. Fabaceae Shrub Apr-May May-June
Indigofera heterantha Brandis Fabaceae Herb Mar-Apr Apr-May
Lathyrus aphaca L. Fabaceae Herb Apr-May May-June
Lespedza juncea (Linn. f) Fabaceae Herb Mar-June June-July
Medicago polymorpha L. Fabaceae Herb Mar-June June-July
Medicago denticulata Willd. Fabaceae Herb Apr-May May-June
Melilotusindicus(L.). All. Fabaceae Herb Mar-May May-July
Rhynchosia tomentosa (L.) Hook & Arn. Fabaceae Herb Mar-May May-July
Robinia pseudoacacia L. Fabaceae Tree Mar-May May-June
Trifolium repens L. Fabaceae Herb Mar-Apr May-Aug
Vicia sativa L. Fabaceae Herb Mar-May May-June
Vicia hirsute (L.) Gray. Fabaceae Herb Mar-June July-Sep
Acacia mearnsiiDe Wild. Fabaceae Tree May-June July-Aug
Table 3. List of plant species of family Rosaceae recorded from Lower Tanawal,Pakistan.
Plant name Family Habit Flowering Fruiting
Cotoneaster melanocarpus Fisch. ex A.Blytt Rosaceae Shrub Apr-June June-Sep
Cotoneaster integerrimus L. Rosaceae Shrub Apr-May May-July
Cotoneaster nummularius Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Rosaceae Shrub Mar-Apr May-June
Cydonia oblonga Mill. Rosaceae Tree Mar-Apr June-Aug
Duchesnea indica (Jacks.) Focke Rosaceae Herb Mar-Apr Apr-May
Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.)Lin Rosaceae Tree Mar-Apr Apr-June
Potentilla rivalis Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray Rosaceae Herb Mar-May May-june
Prunus domestica L. Rosaceae Tree Mar-Apr Apr-July
Prunus am rica na Marsh Rosaceae Tree Mar-Apr Apr-July
Prunus persica (L).Batsch. Rosaceae Tree Mar-Apr Apr-July
Pyruspashia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Rosaceae Tree Mar-Apr May-July
Pyrus communis L. Rosaceae Tree Mar-Apr May-July
Pyruspyrifolia (Burm). Nak. Rosaceae Tree Mar-Apr May-July
Rosa moschata Herrm. Rosaceae Shrub Mar-May May-July
Rosa brunonii L. Rosaceae Shrub Mar-Apr May-June
Rubus sanctus Schreb Rosaceae Shrub Mar-Apr Apr-July
Rubus fruticosus Hook.f. Rosaceae Shrub Mar-Apr Apr-June
Rubus ellipticusSm. Rosaceae Shrub Mar-June June-July
Sorbaria tomentosa (Lindl.) Rehder Rosaceae Shrub Mar-May June-Aug
Spiraea vaccinifolia D. Don Rosaceae Shrub Mar-Apr May-July
First inventory survey of dominant families Table 4. List of plant species of family Lamiaceae recorded from Lower Tanawal, Pakistan.
Plant name Family Habit Flowering Fruiting
AjugabracteosaWall. ex Benth. Lamiaceae Herb Mar-May June-Aug
Calamintha hydaspidis(Falc. ex Benth.) Hedge Lamiaceae Herb Mar-Apr April-June
Calamintha nepeta L. Lamiaceae Herb Mar-Apr May-June
Colebrookea oppositifolia Sm. Lamiaceae Shrub April-June June-July
Eremostachys superba Royle ex Benth. Lamiaceae Herb Mar-Apr May-June
Isodon rugosus (Wall. ex Benth.) Codd Lamiaceae Shrub Mar-Apr Apr-May
Lamium album L. Lamiaceae Herb Mar-May May-July
Marrubium vulgare L. Lamiaceae Herb Mar-May June-July
Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds Lamiaceae Herb Mar-Apr Apr-July
Mentha arvensis L. Lamiaceae Herb Mar-June June-Sep
Micromeria biflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Benth. Lamiaceae Herb Apr-May May-June
Nepeta ciliarisBenth. Lamiaceae Herb Mar-Apr Apr-May
Nepeta cataria L. Lamiaceae Herb Mar-Apr May-July
Origanum vulgare L. Lamiaceae Herb April-May June-July
Otostegia limbata(Benth.) Boiss. Lamiaceae Shrub Mar-Apr May-July
Perilla frutescens(L.) Britton. Lamiaceae Herb Mar-May June-July
Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz ex Etl. Lamiaceae Herb Mar-Apr Apr-June
Salvia moorcroftiana Wall. ex Benth. Lamiaceae Herb Mar-May May-July
Stachys emodiHedge Lamiaceae Herb April-May May-July
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Citation:
Bibi, A., Iqbal, Z., Shah, Gh. M. (2020). First inventory survey of dominant families (Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, and Lamiaceae) of Lower Tanawal, Pakistan. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 7 7(1), 87-93. I ("OE^^M This work Is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. License
Plate No 1
Some pictures of plants of dominant families
Plate No 2
Some pictures of plants of dominant families preserved on herbarium sheets
Echinops echinatus Roxb Lactuca indica L
First inventory survey of dominant families Plate No 3
Salvia cocaneaBuc'hoz ex Ed. Stachys emoch Heage
