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БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ЦЕННЫЕ ВИДЫ - ОБЪЕКТЫ
РОССИЙСКО-ВЬЕТНАМСКОГО НАУЧНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА (2012-2014 гг.) В ОБЛАСТИ МИКОЛОГИИ
O.M. Цивилева1, ТФ. Нгуен2, Л.Н. Ву2, E^. Любунь1, С.П. Воронин3, A.n. Гуменюк3, В^. Никитина1
''Институт биохимии и физиологии растений и микроорганизмов РАН, 410049, Россия, г. Саратов, проспект Энтузиастов, 13, [email protected] 2Южный институт экологии Вьетнамской академии наук и технологий, Вьетнам, г. Хошимин, 01 Мак Дин Чи, Дист 1, [email protected] 3ЗАО "БиоАмид",
410033, Россия, Саратов, ул. Международная, 27, [email protected]
В ходе выполнения международного исследовательского проекта получены биотехнологически значимые результаты, важнейшие из которых: 1) выявленный потенциал применения аминокислотных хелатов металлов(Н) с доказанной биологической активностью, с целью интенсификации плодообразования Ganoderma и выращивания посевного мицелия; 2) полученные путем биотрансформации селенорганического соединения субмикрочастицы селена, инкорпорированные в глубинный мицелий Ganoderma или сепарированные от него, обладающие преимуществами нетоксичного источника получения и возможностью потенциального многоцелевого применения. Библиогр. 4 назв.
Ключевые слова: высшие грибы; Ganoderma; международное научное сотрудничество.
BIOTECHNOLOGICALLY VALUABLE SPECIES AS SUBJECTS OF RUSSIAN-VIETNAMESE RESEARCH COOPERATION IN 2012-2014 DEALT WITH MYCOLOGY
O.M. Tsivileva1, T.P. Nguyen2, L.N. Vu2, E.V. Lyubun'1, S.P. Voronin3, A.P. Gumenyuk3, V.E. Nikitina1
'institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms
of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS)
13 Entuziastov prospect, Saratov 410049, Russia, [email protected]
2Southern Institute of Ecology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
01 Mac Dinh Chi, Dist 1, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam, [email protected]
3ZAO "BioAmid", 27 Mezhdunarodnaya St., Saratov 410033, Russia, [email protected]
In the course of joint research project, among the results of biotechnological value were (i) the potential of application of the amino acid chelates of metals(II) with the proved biological activity was revealed to enhance Ganoderma fruiting and the seeding mycelium growing, (ii) the selenium submicroparticles incorporated in or separated from the Ganoderma submerged mycelium were originated from the biotransformed organoselenium compound; the submicroparticles possess the benefit of their non-toxic source and provide the potential multipurpose use. 4 sources.
Keywords: mushroom; Ganoderma, International research cooperation
Wood-decaying mushrooms attract attention as the possible participants of the plant wastes biodestruction processes, as well as the producers of unique complex of biologically active substances [1]. Ganoderma is one of the most precious representatives. Vietnamese National Parks are today's famous conservation areas with plenty of natural resources including mushroom species. Ganoderma species that are native to Vietnam
were collected here. Comparative studies of Vietnamese Ganoderma (5 species) and species cultured in Russia were performed in 2012-2014 within a framework of the joint research project. This research was aimed at elucidating and systematizing of physiological-biochemical differences of Ganoderma species by the properties of the set of secondary metabolites, stressresistance, and for the development of fundamen-
tal basis of species specificity within Ganoderma genus and practical recommendations on optimization of the directive cultivation of the selected species.
The field experiments in Vietnam were realized for collecting the fruit bodies of a number of species from Ganoderma genus, including rare G. colossus, G. neo-japonicum, G. cattienensis along with the strains of G. lucidum, G. applanatum intrinsic for this area, aimed at the subsequent comparative studies with the herbarium strains of G. lucidum, G. applanatum, and G. valesiacum (IBPPM RAS and Irkutsk State University).
Six strains representing five species of Ganoderma mushroom were introduced into the collection. The conditions of solid-phase cultivation (thermal optima) and liquid-phase submerged cultivation (growth media formulation, temperature, culture duration) were selected by the criteria of highest mycelial biomass accumulation and primordia formation under a laboratory conditions. The comparative analysis by the scanning electron microscopy method have been attempted to follow the fruit bodies morphology and mycelia microstructures. Besides, the efficiency of cultivating the seeding mycelia of Ganoderma using the wastes of agricultural production characteristic for tropical zone, as well as using the relatively cheep food components, was shown.
Sufficient activity of antioxidant system of living fungal organism allows to overcome the negative consequences of oxidative stress. The role of antioxidants could be played by the compounds of the important microelement selenium. Within the framework of the project, the growth parameters of Ganoderma species on liquid and agar media enriched with selenium in organic form were studied. The effect of 1,5-diphenyl-3-selenopentane-dione-1,5 (diacetophenonyl selenide, DAPS-25, [2]) within a wide concentration range (1-10-4 -1 • 10-8 mol/l) on the Ganoderma growth was observed. The phenomenon of mycelium growth stimulation was assumed to be related to the selenium antioxidant properties, due to which the negative consequences of exhausting the nutrient components of medium were smoothed over.
DAPS-25 concentrations exceeding 510-5 mol/l inhibited considerably the mycelium growth.
At the initial DAPS-25 concentrations in the synthetic medium not lower than 10-4 mol/l, we observed a red pigmentation of Ganoderma mycelium caused by the elemental Se in line with the results we obtained earlier for the shiitake mushroom [3]. The color intensity and time of appearance being depending on the additive's concentration. The information on selenium level and zero oxidation state in the mycelia specimens enabled us to judge on the Ganoderma submerged culture capability to adsorb and/or destruct the orga-noselenium xenobiotics to form the submicrostruc-tured Se (our unpublished results).
Knowledge on the optimization of mineral nutrition of cultivated mushrooms with the use of L-aspartates was contributed from the results obtained within the framework of the joint project. High potentialities of application of non-toxic amino acids chelates of metals (II) with the proved biological activity [4] for obtaining the fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum on submerged cultivation and the fungal primordia on agar media were described. The dependence of period before fruiting start for the mushroom culture in the presence of divalent copper cations in the chemical form of aspartate in liquid media when growing the seeding culture by means of submerged cultivation was explored. The essentially shortened period preceding the formation of primordia and underdeveloped fruit bodies in liquid culture when introducing Cu2+ into the medium was detected, the same being observed for the appearance of mycelia yellow pigmentation and primordia of the mushroom on solid medium provided that this intermediate seeding culture was applied.
The favourable effect of manganese (II) L-aspartate on the growth characteristics of G. ap-planatum was shown. Provided that the seeding mycelium is grown in the presence of this aspartate (1 ^mol/l), the mycelium subsequent development on the commonly used nutrient media was appreciably more intensive, the vialability was unambiguously higher under the hyperhermal conditions (up to 37°C) and lowered humidity, the same was with the capacity of fruiting even on liquid media (in flasks).
1. Drevko B.I., Drevko R.I., Antipov V.A., Chernukha B.A., Yakovlev A.N. (2001) Remedy for treatment and prophylactics of infectious diseases and poisonings of animals and poultry enhancing their productivity and vitality. Patent no. 2171110 of the Russian Federation, MPK 7 A 61 K 33/04,
Filed 26.05.1999, no. 99111064/13; Published
27.07.2001, 16 pp.; Inventions. Useful Models, Bull. no. 21 (II part), p. 219.
2. Voronin S.P., Golubov I.I. Bioavailable form of microelement additives to feed mixtures for animals and birds. WIPO Patent Application WO/2010/074602. RU2009/000662. PCT/RU2009 /000662.
3. Salovarova V.P., Melentev V.A., Berse-neva O.A. Delignification waste for submerged cultivation of xylotrophic fungi. Izvestiya Vuzov. Pri-kladnaya Khimiya i Biotekhnologiya - Proceedings of Higher School. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, 2011, no. 1, pp. 80-83.
4. Tsivileva O.M., Loshchinina E.A., Pankratov A.N., Burashnikova M.M., Yurasov N.A., Bylinkina N.N., Kazarinov I.A., Nikitina V.E. Biodegradation of an Organoselenium Compound to Elemental Selenium by Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) Mushroom. Biological Trace Element Research, 2012, vol. 149, no. 1, pp. 97-101.
БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИМ СПИСОК
1. Древко Б.И., Древко Р.И., Антипов В.А., Чернуха Б.А., Яковлев А.Н. Пат. 2171110 Российская Федерация. МПК 7 A 61 K 33/04. Средство для лечения и профилактики инфекционных заболеваний и отравлений животных и птиц, повышающее их продуктивность и сохранность / Заявл. 26.05.1999, № 99111064/13; Опубл. 27.07.2001. 16 с. // Изобретения. Полезные модели. 2001. Бюл. № 21 (II ч.). С. 219.
2. Voronin S.P., Golubov I.I. Bioavailable form of microelement additives to feed mixtures for animals and birds. WIPO Patent Application W0/2010/074602. RU2009/000662. PCT/RU2009 /000662.
3. Саловарова В.П., Мелентьев В.А., Берсенева О.А. Использование отходов делиг-нификации для глубинного культивирования ксилотрофных грибов // Известия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнология. 2011. № 1. С. 80-83.
4. Tsivileva O.M., Loshchinina E.A., Pankratov A.N., Burashnikova M.M., Yurasov N.A., Bylinkina N.N., Kazarinov I.A., Nikitina V.E. Biodegradation of an Organoselenium Compound to Elemental Selenium by Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) Mushroom // Biological Trace Element Research. 2012. V. 149, № 1. Р. 97-101.
The reported study was partially supported by Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), research project VAST.HTQT. NGA.08/2012-2013, and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), research project 12-04-93013_Viet-a.
Статья поступила в редакцию 8 сентября 2014 г.
