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Актуальные проблемы авиации и космонавтики - 2016. Том 2
УДК 629.73
БИОТОПЛИВО КАК АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫЙ ИСТОЧНИК ЭНЕРГИИ
Ю. В. Огородникова Научный руководитель - П. Р. Чирков Руководитель по иностранному языку - Р. А. Свиридон
Сибирский государственный аэрокосмический университет имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева
Российская Федерация, 660037, г. Красноярск, просп. им. газ. «Красноярский рабочий», 31
Е-mail: [email protected]
Актуальность темы работы заключается в том, что дефицит энергоресурсов прогрессирует. Эта проблема со временем только растет: необходимость перехода на альтернативные источники энергии диктуется не только повышением стоимости ископаемого топлива, но также угрозы глобального изменения климата.
Ключевые слова: биотопливо, возобновляемые/невозобновляемые ресурсы, энергетика.
BIOFUELS AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE
J. V. Ogorodnikova Scientific Supervisor - P. R. Chirkov Foreign Language Supervisor - R. A. Sviridon
Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University 31, Krasnoyarsky Rabochy Av., Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russian Federation Е-mail: [email protected]
The topicality of the research theme is due to the fact that energy shortage progresses. This problem can only exacerbate with time: the urge of transition to alternative sources is dictated not only by high cost offossil fuels, but also by threats of global climate change.
Keywords: biofuels, renewable /non-renewable resources, energy.
Biofuels are derived from biomass, which is one of the most common sources in the modern world of renewable energy. Biofuels are known to be of three types: solid, liquid and gaseous. Traditionally, a solid type is considered to be biofuels and wood pellets. Alcohols, ethers, and biodiesel are liquid fuels. Gaseous fuel is considered to be different from the gas mixture of carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen.
Nowadays the world's energy balance is formed mainly on the basis of three non-renewable hydrocarbon energy sources: natural gas, oil and coal. Biomass is an organic material obtained from plants and animals (microorganisms). Biomass, which is derived from organic matter, e. g. wood industry waste, secondary resources of agro industrial complex or other organic materials, is a significant source of energy. Furthermore, biomass can be obtained from wastewater, algae, household and industrial waste as well as energy from them, and can be obtained by chemical processing. As a consequence of this biomass has acquired the status of a renewable energy source.
An example of renewable energy source can be solar panels. The use of solar panels is a technology in which solar energy is converted into electricity. Another example is ocean; it is also a great source of renewable energy flows, waves and winds. Ocean energy is used with limited success. One more is wind energy, which is used to convert the wind speed into useful forms of energy. This is an ancient technique used since ancient times at windmills. Wind energy is a renewable source; it is environmentally friendly, does not cause the greenhouse effect and does not pollute the atmosphere. Furthermore, wind power can be used as an alternative for generating electricity.
Today the importance of biofuels as the renewable energy sources is clear. The essential species are vegetable oils. They are used as additives to the hydrocarbon fuel to increase its flammability, and thus convert it into a more environmentally friendly fuel that can produce less carbon monoxide and particulates
Секция «Актуальные на учные проблемы в мире (глазами молодьш исследователей)»
from the combustion process. Biofuels are considered neutral with respect to the emission into the atmosphere of carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion of biofuels is absorbed by the plants themselves, which are grown to produce biofuel.
Ethanol, which is obtained by fermentation of sugar in the biomass materials such as corn grain and other agricultural waste, is one more renewable energy source. Bioethanol is rarely used in its pure form; it is most often used as an additive to gasoline in internal combustion engines. In anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in the wastewater and municipal waste bacteria actively produce biogas. Biogas consists of a combination of methane and carbon dioxide.
Now there is more and more need to replace oil, gas and coal by biofuels. Proponents of this idea say that biofuel pollutes the atmosphere less, while opponents argue that during the combustion of biofuels there allocated the same products as during the burning of fossil fuels.
Indeed, if we consider the process of burning carbon dioxide, water and some impurities are formed during the combustion of fuels, many of which are harmful: carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, etc.
Scientists pay much attention to carbon dioxide emissions, because they are the perpetrators of the greenhouse effect. It is necessary to point out that during the combustion of biofuels less carbon dioxide are produced. In the combustion of biofuel the same percentage of carbon is absorbed and released, thus, the balance of the planet remains unchanged.
Oil, gas and coal are fossil fuel with carbon that has been present for millions of years in the Earth's interior. When used, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases.
Nowadays many countries are implementing their innovative technologies for the usage of biofuels, for vegetable fuel in future will be the main one, because the reserves of gas, oil and coal are not infinite and almost non-renewable ones.
References
1. Alternativnye istochniki biotopliva (Alternative sources of Biofuels) [Electronic resource] // URL: http://hybridcars.narod.ru/fuel/biofuel/biofuel_tech.html [10.12.2015].
2. Biotoplivo - element sovremennych ecologicheskich system i novoe napravlenie dlay investitsii v bisnes biotopliva (Biofuel is a modern ecological system and a new trend for investment in the business of biofuels [Electronic resource] // URL http://otoplenie-gid.ru/istochnik-nagreva/50-biotoplivo [11.12.2015].
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