CC BY
25
Medical science
Kurbanov A. T.,
assistant of the Department of Pathological Anatomy Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute E-mail: cool.lolo@mail.ru
BASICS OF DERMATOGLYPHIC IN MEDICINE
Abstract: In the study of dermatoglyphics began many years ago and biologists, genetics, forensic experts, and therefore our work reflects the basics of dermatoglyphics in medicine based on literary sources. Keywords: skin patterns, personality, hand, line, fingers.
Dermatoglyphics as a special section of knowledge formed at the end of the XIX beginning of the XX century But interest in papillary lines and patterns goes far back centuries, long before their scientific study. One of the earliest news about skin relief is in the area of the Micmac Indians, south of Labrador. An image on a stone was found there, representing the human hand in primitive lines.
The ancient Chinese, Babylonians, Assyrians, Egyptians, and Indians replaced the signature with fingerprints. Native American peoples paid attention to the skin relief of the palms even before European colonization.
Modern dermatoglyphics and, as part of it, fingerprinting (from gr. Daktylos - finger, skopeo - look), used in forensic medicine for personal identification, are based on scientific principles. They could arise only at a certain level of development of biology and under certain social relations.
As is known, the frequency of skin patterns varies greatly among different nations of the world. There are also strong regional differences in the frequency of dermatoglyphic patterns. It is not known what factors determine these regional differences. Scientists studying different phenotypes in normal populations have still not been able to associate these phenotypes with any significant advantages or disadvantages, which would help to unravel or find the "key to the nature of the selection action".
The earliest scientific reports on dermatoglyphics date from the 17th century. They are associated with anatomical studies of the skin and morphology of the scallops of the epidermis. One of the first descriptions of the device of skin scallops and sweat pores belongs to the English anatomist Grew (1684). Malpighi in his anatomical works relating to 1686, gave a briefdescription of the patterns of the palms and fingers of a person.
According to literary sources, references to skin relief are found in many anatomical works of the 18th century. Advances in biology in the early nineteenth century were a favorable condition for anatomical studies of the skin. A classic study of the skin of biologist Jan Purkinje (1823) dates back to this time. In his work Purkinje deals with flexion sulci and papillary lines of the palms. He describes triradii, sweat pores, the course of papillary crests on the tenor and hypotenor, noting
that they often contain loops and curls; also describes skin patterns on the palms of monkeys.
Purkinje gave the first classification of the variation of finger patterns, highlighting 9 basic patterned types. Despite the fact that he did not touch on the practical application of fingerprints, his classification played a role in the development of fingerprinting at the end of the 19th century. In addition to studies Purkin, in the first half of the nineteenth century. nothing significant on the study of the skin relief was undertaken. Only occasional mentions of him are in some books on human anatomy and physiology. Only in the last third of the XIX century. began to appear work specifically devoted to dermatoglyphics. At the same time, for the first time, fingerprints were practically used to identify the person.
A new era in the study of dermatoglyphics began American scientist Wilder, who with good reason can be called the ancestor of ethnic dermatoglyphics. He first developed a method for studying papillary lines and patterns on the palms and soles. For many years, Wilder has devoted the study of the skin relief of different human races. He found out that there are racial differences in the direction of the palm lines and in the frequency of occurrence of the pattern of skin scallops on the palm palms.
Wilder's work was followed by numerous studies in the field of ethnic dermatoglyphics. Since the 20s of the 20th century, extensive information on the dermatoglyphics of various peoples of the world has been published, which more and more fill white spots on the map of the racial features of the skin relief
Also, the authors noted that in addition to ethnic derma-toglyphics, during this period various studies were undertaken concerning other aspects of dermatoglyphics. Of these, the work of an American scientist Cummins on the factors responsible for the difference and direction of skin scallops, as well as on the embryonic development of the volar pads, deserves the most attention. A special direction in dermatoglyphics was created by a professor at the University of Oslo Bonnevie studying the embryonic development of finger patterns in connection with heredity.
In the thirties, the skin relief of primates and other mammals began to be studied again. In the 2nd half of the 20th cen-
BASICS OF DERMATOGLYPHIC IN MEDICINE
tury, many works were devoted to the study of the heredity of the skin relief.
The work of Cummins and Midlo enjoy great fame in the field ofdermatoglyphics. As a result ofmany years of work, based on their original materials and literary data, they published two major monographs - on primate skin relief (1942) and general dermatoglyphics (1943), which are of considerable interest to anthropologists, biologists, physicians, and criminologists.
In 1966 The first national monograph by TD Gladkova on dermatoglyphics was published. In 1968, the monograph S. B. Holt on the genetics of dermatoglyphic patterns. In 1975, a topographical classification of Penrose patterns was published. In 1976 - the first manual on medical dermatoglyphics
The first domestic monograph by GA Khit on ethnic dermatoglyphics was published in 1983, and in 1986, a domestic monograph by I. S. Guseva on morphogenesis and genetics of combed human skin was published. In 1994, N. N. Bogdanov, engaged in dermatoglyphics in medicine, conducted the first study of the correlation between signs of dermatoglyphics and EEG (electroencephalography).
The above works reflect the fields of application of dermatoglyphics: forensic science, medicine, genetics, embryology, ethnography, anthropology, judicial and sports medicine.
The method of dermatoglyphics allows to determine the susceptibility to diseases, as well as a kind of genetic background that increases susceptibility, such as infectious diseases. In some cases, this method can be used to clarify clinical diagnoses, which may have some practical significance.
Diagnosis of diseases according to cutaneous patterns is based on finding in a given patient a dermatoglyphic consti-
tution characteristic of a group of people suffering from this pathology. The results of the analysis of dermatoglyphic signs are used by domestic and foreign researchers to study dermatoglyphic features of more than 100 diseases.
Among the most significant (according to the possible level of individualization and stability) of feature systems is the characteristic system of comb-skin skin patterns studied by dermatoglyphics. Dermatoglyphic features are associated with many characteristics of the human body, which from the point of view of forensic medicine can be considered as common and particular signs of personality. Papillary patterns in their main manifestations are inherited, on the basis ofwhich it is possible to establish consanguinity and indirect identification of the person of the deceased.
Despite the many works devoted to this aspect of dermatoglyphics, until today, a practically acceptable method of diagnostics based on its identification of significant personality traits, such as gender or age, has not been created.
A variety of methodological approaches to the study of dermatoglyphic features in anthropologists, physicians, psy-chophysiologists and forensic scientists, associated primarily with the difference in the tasks to be solved, does not allow creating a unified system for assessing the informativity of dermatoglyphic features specific practical tasks.
Thus, summing up the literature review, it can be said that the development of dermatoglyphics as spiders, studying the external structure of the papillary relief, proved its exceptional informativeness, which allows to solve a wide range of problems of forensic medicine, criminology and anthropology.
References:
1. Shpak L. Yu. Dermatoglyphic phalanges of the fingers (anthropological and forensic aspects).- Author. on the competition uch. st. Ph. D. M., my. State Un to them M. Lomonosov, 2003.- 25 p.
2. Yunusova-Fandeeva O. M. Combinations of types of patterns of dermatoglyphic characteristics of toes // Theory and practice of forensic medicine. Proceedings of the - St. Petersburg Scientific Society of forensic physicians. - Issue 5. SPb., 2001.- P. 118-120.
3. Yunusova-Fandeeva O. M. Comparative characteristics of different types of patterns and their particular features on the fingers and toes // Theory and practice of forensic medicine. Proceedings of the - St. Petersburg Scientific Society of medical doctors. Issue 5.- St. Petersburg, 2001.- P. 120-122.
4. Sidorenko A. G., Mazur E. S., Zvyagin V. N. On the medical and criminalistic classification of the comb account of the palmar surface of the hands, taking into account the number of papillary lines with respect to the main and additional triradias, loops and palmar folds // Actual problems of the theory and practice of forensic medical examination. Collection of scientific papers.- Issue 3.-Krasnoyarsk, 2005.- P. 139-140.
5. Bozhchenko A. P., Rakitin V. A., Samarin A. I., Shcherbakov V. V. Dermatoglyphics methods in the identification of the victims.- Rostov-on-Don: Rosizdat, 2002.- 160 p.
6. Katsouyanni K. Ambient air pollution and health // Brit. Med. Bull 2003.- No. 68.- P. 143-156.
