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0УДК 33 Ovezberdiyeva A., Ovezova Y., Deryayev M.
Ovezberdiyeva A.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Ovezova Y.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Deryayev M.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INVESTMENT PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
Аннотация: article provides a brief overview of investment project development and implementation. Also, the concept of "Investment project" refers, on the one hand, to activities aimed at achieving the goals set in the project.
Ключевые слова: economics, management, business economics, investment business, productive investments, competitiveness.
An investment project is understood as a system of goals for their implementation of physical objects (houses, facilities, industrial complexes), technical processes, technical and organizational documents, material, financial, labor and other resources, as well as management solutions and measures for their implementation.
Joint independent projects are implemented as integrated investments to achieve the set goals in a number of sectors that require the creation of highly complex objects.
The concept of "investment project" is defined as, on the one hand, the implementation of a set of activities aimed at achieving the goals set in the project, and, on the other hand, the justification of the feasibility and effectiveness of the project and the organization necessary for the implementation of the set of activities aimed at achieving the goals set in the project. It is considered as a system of legal and accounting documents
There are several classification symbols, on the basis of which all projects are systematized. 1. Projects are divided into small, medium and mega projects by size. To assign them to one of the groups, the following characteristics are used: - the amount of capital investments, - labor costs, - implementation distance, - the complexity of the management system, - attract foreign participants, - country, region, etc. and its impact on the socio-economic environment.
2. It is accepted to divide the projects into short-term (up to 1 year), medium-term (from 1 to 5 years) and long-term (over 5 years) projects according to the implementation period. Short-term projects, as a rule, for enterprises whose products are quickly updated, modernization of individual equipment or works, creation of experimental equipment, etc. is typical for During the implementation of such projects, the time factor is the main factor, or it is determined by the nature of the investment object.
3. By quality, it is accepted to divide projects into standard and flawless projects. For flawless projects, the dominant condition for their implementation is investment, which ensures the highest level of achievement and full compliance with the established standard. Such projects, as a rule, are expensive and belong to industries (for example, nuclear energy) where the slightest deviation from the standard risks having negative consequences.
As a rule, the beginning of a capital project is considered to be the moment when the funds for the implementation of the project begin to be spent. Completion of an investment project is determined by the time the object is put into use, or the object reaches the specified performance criteria, or the project's funding is
terminated. The life cycle (the alternating phases of any project) includes three components: pre-investment, investment, and operational phases.
The need for investment is determined as a result of the analysis of the design of the enterprise's operation, and then it is determined when its future development is formed. Based on this, the goals of the project are determined and a plan is developed that can meet the theoretically set goals.
When a project is established, it is assumed that the product to be produced as a result of its implementation will benefit from demand and will be sold at prices capable of ensuring a satisfactory payback of the project. For these purposes, investors try to secure, as a rule, not less than 50% of the estimated volume of production with long-term contracts with financially reliable customers. Such contracts should, if possible, include the right to increase prices in the event of increases in usage and other costs (variable prices). In addition, such contracts specify the level at which the enterprise begins to lose not only profit, but also working capital if the price falls below that level.
The further process of developing the project direction involves the analysis of each possible form from the point of view of their implementation, as well as the determination of the established criteria on the basis of which the optimal solutions are selected.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Law of Turkmenistan "On State Support of Small and Medium Entrepreneurs". - Ashgabat, 2009;
2. Law of Turkmenistan "On Enterprises". - Ashgabat, 2000
