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42SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 5 I 2022 _ISSN: 2181-1601
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF 2022=5.016) Passport: http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=22257
AVTOPOEZD TORMOZLANISH JARAYONINI O RGANISH UCHUN
AVTOPOEZD TURINI TANLASH
Nodirjon Ibragimovich Abbosjon Sharofidin Xudoyberdi Xasanboy Otaboyev o'g'li Qosimov o'g'li Xoldorov
Farg'ona politexnika instituti
ANNOTATSIYA
Maqolada avtopoezdlar tormoz tizimini o"rganish va tormozlash jarayonini o"rganish uchun mos avtopoezd turini tanlashni asoslashdan iborat.Avtopoezdlar turiga qarab,yukning hajmi va gabarit o"lchovlari hisobga olinib har bir bo"g"ini yoritib boriladi.Avtopoezdlarning yuk ko"tarish qobilyati ularning tormozlanish jarayoniga tasiri ko"rsatib boriladi.
Kalit so'zlar: tezlik, tyagach, tirkamali avtopoezd, egar tirkamali avtopoezd, uzun o"lchamli yo"l avtopoezdi.
Tortuvchi avtomobil(tyagach) va unga ulangan bir necha (bir yoki ikki o"qli) tirkama (yarim pritsep,tirkama) dan iborat transport vositasi avtopoezd deb ataladi.Xalq xo"jaligining tez suratlarda rivojlanishi ko"plab avtomobil transporti ishlab chiqarishni talab qiladi.Tadqiqotlarning ko"rsatishicha, bu masalani faqat avtomobillar sonini oshirib emas,balki uning yuk ko"tarish qobilyatini oshirish bilan ham yechish zarur.Nazariy jixatdan avtopoezdning umumiy og" irligi cheklanmagan kata bo"lishi mumkun,lekin uning gabariti,yo"lga bosimi tavsiya etiilgan normadan chetga chiqmasligi zarur,xozirgi paytda 250..300 t va undan ortiq yuk ko"tarish qobilyatiga ega bo"lgan og"ir avtopoezdlar mavjud. Avtopoezd texnikaviy iqtisodiy ko"rsatkichlarning avtomobilga nisbatan 1,5.. .2,0 marta yuqori bo'lishi uning afzalliklaridan biridir. Avtopoezdlar quydagi afzalliklarga ega:
1) Avtopoezdning narxi shu og"irlikdagi avtomobil narxidan ancha kam;
2) Avtopoezdning tuzilishi oddiy,unga texnikaviy xizmat ko"rsatish va uni ekspluatatsiya qilish uchun kam mablag" sarflanadi(masalan 1t yukni 1km masofaga tashish uchun avtopoezdlarda avtomobildagiga nisbatan 20-30% kam yonilg"i sarflanadi;
3) Avtopoezd kuzovining foydali ish yuzasi avtomobilnikidan 1.4..1.5 marta ko"p;
4) Avtopoezdlar ko"p turli yuklarni tashishga moslangan;
5) Avtopoezdlar uchun garaj qurishga capital harajat kamayadi,chunki pritseplarni saqlash uchun maxsus joy zarur emas;
- o'qlari to'liq yuklangan transport vositasining massa markazining orqasida joylashgan, gorizontal va vertikal yuklarni tortib oluvchi transport vositasiga
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 5 I 2022 _ISSN: 2181-1601
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF 2022=5.016) Passport: http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=22257
(avtopoezd) uzatuvchi beshinchi g'ildirak muftasi bilan jihozlangan tortuvchi transport vositasi hisoblanadi. Bir yoki bir nechta yarim tirkamali avtopoezd o'qlari tortuvchi trailer bilan boshqarilishi mumkin;
- kamida ikkita o'q va tirkamaga nisbatan vertikal harakatlanishi mumkin bo'lgan va oldingi o'qlarni burish uchun xizmat qiladigan, lekin tortuvchi avtopoezdga sezilarli statik yukni o'tkazmaydigan tortish moslamasi (tortma) bilan jihozlangan to'liq tirkama bilan tortiladigan transport vositasi hisoblanadi;
- markaziy o'qli tirkama vertikal tekislikda avtopoezdga nisbatan harakatlana olmaydigan tortish moslamasi bilan jihozlangan tirkamali avtomobil. Treyler to'liq yuklanganda, o'qlar massa markaziga nisbatan siljiydi, shunda tirkama massasining 120% dan yoki 10 kN dan (ko'rsatilgan qiymatlardan pastroq) ozgina statik vertikal yuk o'tkaziladi.Yo'l poezdining barqarorligi, avtopoezdning bir qismi sifatida manevr qobiliyati, H yarim tirkamasi yuqori kesib o'tish qobiliyatiga ega.Tirkama tarkibidagi avtopoyezdga nisbatan boshqariladigan,orqaga qaytish imkoniyati xuddi shu yuk ko'tarish qobiliyatiga ega bo'lgan yuk mashinalari kabi yo'l poezdlarining uzunligi qisqaroq.Navbat bilan avtomobilning dinamik koridoriga bardosh beradi, dizayni sodda va metall iste'mol koeffitsienti pastroqdir. Ulardan foydalanish yo'l qoplamasi koeffitsientini oshirish, yuklash va tushirish uchun ishlamay qolish vaqtini kamaytirish imkonini beradi. Egarli yo'l poezdining afzalliklaridan kelib chiqib, uni tirkama bilan taqqoslaganda, yo'l harakati xavfsizligi nuqtai nazaridan hisobga olinadi. Shuningdek, Ozbekiston Respublikasi Ichki ishlar vazirligi Yo'l harakati xavfsizligi inspektsiyasi Bosh boshqarmasi statistik ma'lumotlariga tayangan holda. Ozbekiston Respublikasida ro'yxatga olingan yarim tirkamalar soni 04-toifali tirkamalarga qaraganda 39% ko'proq bo'lganligi sababli, tadqiqot uchun yarim tirkamali avtopoezd tanlashga qaror qilindi.
Avtotransport parkining tahlili shuni ko'rsatdiki, N3 toifali yuk avtomobillari umumiy yuk avtomobillari, yarim tirkamalar sonining 25,8 foizini tashkil qiladi. 04-toifa barcha toifadagi yarim tirkamalar umumiy sonining 74% ni tashkil qiladi (barcha toifadagi tirkamalar umumiy sonidan 04-tirkamalar 13,6% ni tashkil qiladi). Bundan kelib chiqadiki, N3 va yarim tirkamali avtopoezd 04 traktorlari tarkibidagi avtopoyezdlar avtomobil poyezdlarining umumiy sonining katta qismini egallaydi va shuning uchun tadqiqot kompozitsiyadagi avtomobilning texnik holatini o'rganish bilan cheklanadi.
Avtopoezd harakati bitta mashinaga qaraganda murakkabroq matematik munosabatlar bilan tavsiflanadi. Avtpoyezdning bir-biriga aylanma tarzda bog'langan elementlari o'zaro harakatlarni amalga oshirishi sababli, transport vositasining buklanish ehtimoli ortadi. Yarim tirkamaning o'qlari yo'lning burilish radiusiga to'g'ri kelmaydigan traektoriyalarga va natijada g'ildiraklarning sirpanishi, ayniqsa, sirpanchiq yo'llarda avtopoyezdning harakatlanishi va barqarorligini buzadi.
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VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 5 I 2022 ISSN: 2181-1601
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF 2022=5.016) Passport: http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=22257
Avtomobillar fani rivojlanmoqda va ilgari yaratilgan tizimlar fan uchun katta muammolarni keltirib chiqarmadi. Bugungi kunda transport vositasining dizayni tubdan o'zgardi - bular katta massa o'lchovli parametrlarga ega, yuqori darajadagi dinamik xususiyatlarga ega (tezlik, tezlashtirish, sekinlashuv) va tashqi parametrlarga (qiyin yo'l muhiti - intensivlik, transport oqimlarining zichligi va poezdlar), bu qiyin sharoitlarda haydovchilar transport vositalarini hisobga olishlari va xavfsizlikni ta'minlashlari kerak. Shu sababli, ushbu dissertatsiya tadqiqotida ishchitormoz tizimi avtopoezdning texnik holatining ta'siri tanlangan turdagi transport vositalarining o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini hisobga olgan holda harakat xavfsizligini ta'minlash. Keling, Avtopoezd uchun ishchi tormoz tizimining ishlash ko'rsatkichlarini ko'rib chiqaylik. Treyler turiga qarab quydagi avtopoezd turlari mavjud: l.Tirkama yo'l poezdi
'77777777777777777777777777777777,: Shakl 1.1 Tirkamali avtopoezd. 2. Yarim tirkamali avtopoezd.
Y an m tirkama
Shakl 2. Egarli yo'l avtopoezdi 3. Uzun o'lchovli yukli avtopoezd.
Uzbekistan
Shakl 3.Uzun romorkli avtopoezd. www.scientificprogress.uz
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VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 5 I 2022 ISSN: 2181-1601
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF 2022=5.016) Passport: http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=22257
4. Qoshimcha tirkamali avtopoezd
Shakl 4.Egar tirkamali yo4 avtopoezdi.
Avtopoezd tormoz tizimining ishlashi davomida uning barcha tizimlarining, shu jumladan tormoz tizimining texnik holati o'zgaradi va tormozlash samaradorligiga va natijada harakat xavfsizligiga sezilarli ta'sir qiladi. Avtopoezdning samarali tormozlanishini ta'minlash uchun tormoz boshqaruvi to'rtta murakkab tizimni o'z ichiga oladi.
1. Avtomobilning kerakli tezligini ushlab turish, uni har qanday sharoitda to'liq to'xtashgacha kamaytirish uchun mo'ljallangan ishchi tormoz tizimi:
2. Ishchi tormoz tizimi ishlamay qolganda avtomobilni to'xtatish uchun xizmat qiluvchi zaxira tormoz tizimi;
3. To'xtash tormozi tizimi, tashqi kuchlar ta'sirida avtomobilni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi yuzada harakatsiz ushlab turish uchun mo'ljallangan;
4. Yordamchi tormoz tizimi, u uzoq vaqt davomida transport vositasining doimiy harakat tezligini saqlab turish va noldan boshqa chegaralarda tartibga solish uchun mo'ljallangan.
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