408AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD AND ITS PECULIARITIES
Gauhar Serikbayevna Khaldarchayeva
Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute of Tashkent region [email protected]
ABSTRACT
For some decades, teaching methods demonstrated rapid increase and nowadays it influences on learning and teaching process of foreign languages. Obviously, the audio-lingual teaching method is one of the most prominent methods for learning foreign languages. Most often it is used by those who intend to independently learn a particular foreign language. Although in the educational environment, it has its own popularity. This paper purposes to explore this method, its advantages and disadvantages which both learners and teachers face as well as its importance in the classrooms.
Keywords: audio-lingual method, education, teachers, student, classroom
INTRODUCTION
To understand what an audio-lingual language learning method is, it is suggested referring to a dictionary entry. The dictionary of methodological terms says that the audio-lingual teaching method is a method of teaching a foreign language, which provides for the use of the auditory channel of perception in the course of classes and repeated listening and reproduction of strictly selected structures, sample sentences after the speaker, which leads to their automation. Based on Skinner's Behaviorism theory, it assumed that a human being can be trained using a system of reinforcement.
Correct behaviour receives positive feedback, while errors receive negative feedback. This approach to learning is similar to the Direct Method, in that the lesson takes place entirely in the target language. Emphasis is on the acquisition of patterns in common everyday dialogue. The Audio-lingual Method was widely used in the 1950s and 1960s, and the emphasis was not on the understanding of words, but rather on the acquisition of structures and patterns in common everyday dialogue. In 2000 scientists Larsen and Freeman mentioned that," Audio-lingual method, like the direct method, is also an oral approach. However, it is very different in that rather than emphasizing vocabulary acquisition through exposure to its use in situations, the Audio-lingual method drills students in the use of grammatical sentence patterns."
Also, they added that it was thought that the way to acquire the sentence patterns of the target language was through conditioning helping learners to respond correctly to stimuli through shaping and reinforcement. Thus, the audio lingual method refers to the method that it is compressed on the chain drill to mastery the target language by memorizing and repeat, and the wrongness of speaking is avoided.
METHODOLOGY
If from an academic point of view it is figured out what it is, then let's look at this method from the practical side and find all its profits and drawbacks:
- The first and main distinguishing feature of the audio-lingual method is the assignment of oral speech to a primary role in learning. The ability to understand foreign speech at a normal pace is developed, as well as on such material that the student himself cannot reproduce - "I understand everything, but I cannot say."
- The second feature is the colossal load on the student's memory and the method of analogy. The student must memorize the basic set of sentences that are most often used in colloquial speech. By analogy with these sentences, the student will build other sentences for oral reproduction or listening. It is also recommended to memorize entire dialogues and communication situations. At the initial stage of training, the student's vocabulary practically does not develop. A small set of words is used, which allows you to work out basic grammatical structures through speech and repetition-pronunciation.
- The third feature of the audio-lingual method is the sheer amount of practice. Only 15% of the lesson time is devoted to the explanation of grammatical, lexical, phonetic bases. The rest of the time is devoted to practical training. Nevertheless, such classes can quickly bore the student with their monotony and monotony of approach. Therefore, it is recommended to immediately assess the student's actions -did it right - praise, wrong - correct.
- The fourth feature is the dictionary. The audio-lingual method divides words into categories of different difficulty levels with their own subgroups in each. The easiest include prepositions, adverbs, conjunctions, interrogative particles, articles. To the most difficult - words for objects, words for actions, words for quality, that is, nouns, adjectives and verbs. Learning vocabulary is based on the principle from simple to complex.
However, at the initial stage of learning, words from a complex category are used, but they are selected in such a way that in form and meaning they would correspond as much as possible to the equivalents of the native language.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Since, everything has pros and cons. In the following plus and minus sides of audio-lingual method will be clarified.
1. Availability. Indeed, this method of language learning is extremely accessible. Because, students or independent learners can just open the app store and will find language learning programs based on the audio-lingual method. The most popular are DUOlinguo and Memrise. Some of them are paid, some are not. But even paid apps turn out to be much cheaper than a lesson with a teacher. Besides that, they are time-saving and don't require special time or tutorial classes.
3. Ease of use. Everything here is just straight up to disgrace. Learners have a set of words, pictures, cards and cubes-blocks that you listen to repeatedly and correlate with each other to get a phrase by clicking on them or dragging them. Nothing complicated.
4. Stability and consistency of the teaching method. Training always takes place according to the same scenario. First, students see a set of words, voice acting and pictures for them, usually no more than 2-3 words are given per lesson. Then they work out these words by choosing the translation, writing, pronouncing, constantly listening and repeating aloud. Each card is read out, so students hear one word or expression many, many times, so that they will not be able not to remember. Subsequently, complication occurs. New words are added and phrases are expanded. They become more detailed and complex. If you had the phrase "A girl drinks milk", then after a couple of lessons this phrase turns into "A little girl drinks milk in the kitchen."
5. Comfort and duration of the lesson. Actually, there is no need to talk about convenience. Learner can practice when it is convenient for them. Even if the desire to repeat the English pronouns overwhelmed his/her at midnight, it is possible to just download the app. In addition the length of your lesson should be controlled by the learner and it can be 5 minutes a day or 2 hours. It all depends only on their desire and time possibilities.
Additionally, there are some disadvantages of audio-lingual method:
1. Availability. Yes, one should not be surprised that good on the one hand is just as bad on the other. What cost us little or nothing is usually appreciated by us. Therefore, very often after purchasing a particular program, after a couple of weeks, when the enthusiasm ends, we simply forget about it.
3. Stability. Yes, this is another side of the coin. If at first the substitution of words, their pronunciation and listening seems to be the best that can be, then after a
while we begin to lack variety. Where an experienced teacher would have already suggested you read a magazine article that is interesting to you or discuss your taste preferences, then you continue to "roll your" snowball "". And this is what often starts to tire and reduce motivation to the point of its complete absence. 4. Limitedness. The audiolingual method does have its limits.
• A limited set of words and phrases that are comfortable to memorize through the auditory canal.
• The use of one type of memory for learning a foreign language, which may result in the impossibility of using the written language of the target language.
• Absence of a partner for practicing dialogical speech - the most common type of speech.
• Experience. The audio-lingual method is great for those who have a foreign language learning experience, a very deep and consistent experience. What does it mean? You will start asking "why" questions, for example, in the sentence "
CONCLUSION
Thus, the audio-lingual method is a good addition when teaching English or another foreign language with a teacher, either individually or in a group. You can also recommend it to already experienced people who have learned one or two languages, if they understand the logic and structure of languages and are ready to take on the next one.
REFERENCES
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