35Оценка появления информационного моделирования зданий (BIM) и технологии блокчейн в строительной отрасли_
Авали Али,
кафедра «Теория и проектирование зданий и сооружений», Российский университет дружбы народов, aliasmar76629232@gmail.com
Ахмед Хамза Ахмед Хуссейн,
кафедра «Дороги, мосты и транспортные тоннели». Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого (СпбПУ), almimoonihamza2014@gmail.com
Альмасни Бтол Набил Али,
кафедра «Теория и проектирование зданий и сооружений», Российский университет дружбы народов, batoolnabeel63@yahoo.com
Мугам Тахер Адель Тахер,
кафедра «Теория и проектирование зданий и сооружений», Российский университет дружбы народов, tahir.majam@gmail.com
Абдулвахид Балиг Мухаммед Хазаа,
кафедра «Теория и проектирование зданий и сооружений», Российский университет дружбы народов, altamimibaleegh@gmail.com
Слияние информационного моделирования зданий (BIM) и технологии блокчейн рассматривается как комплексное универсальное решение, способное устранить неэффективность строительной отрасли. Тем не менее, в то время как некоторые организации приняли BIM как инновационный способ работы и добились успеха, у других возникают вопросы: "Что такое BIM и технологии блокчейн? Это инструменты или процессы? Организации какого размера могут извлечь выгоду из технологий BIM и блокчейна?". Результаты исследования показали, что медленному внедрению этих технологий способствуют следующие факторы: недостаток информации о технологии, высокая стоимость обучения и недостаток подготовленных специалистов для работы с инструментами. Большинство (75%) респондентов из строительной отрасли еще не прошли обучение по этим технологиям и не знают об их преимуществах и применении. В исследовании утверждается, что для поддержания и повышения удовлетворенности клиентов, участники проекта должны проводить непрерывное профессиональное повышение квалификации (CPD), семинары и тренинги, чтобы повысить осведомленность и улучшить навыки персонала, что приведет к повышению качества и эффективности услуг в строительной отрасли.
Ключевые слова: информационное моделирование зданий (BIM), технология блокчейн, строительная индустрия, строительный проект, виртуальное управление проектом
INTRODUCTION
Participants within the built industry are perpetually challenged to deliver successful projects despite tight budgets, limited manpower, accelerated schedules, waste management, these challenges are happening because of the uncertainties and the increased need for collaboration between several distinct fields like Architecture, Engineering, Construction (AEC) and other industries who must collaborate virtually or physically to achieve common project objectives. (RCS, 2014, man and machine, 2014; Emiri & Ewa 2020).
The AEC industry has long sought to adopt techniques to reduce project cost, increase productivity and quality, reduce project delivery time, and eliminate waste (Azhar et al, 2008). One of these techniques is BIM, as Azhar et al. (2008) stated that BIM has recently attained widespread attention in the AEC industry.
Conventionally, architectural design, structural analysis, and construction management are three separate steps with distinctive objectives in building engineering activities. With the prevalence of information technologies in conducting engineering activities. The combination of design and construction activities can be achieved through the integration of BIM and four-dimensional (4D) technology (Zhenzhong et al, 2008).
The construction industry is conservative to adopt new IT technologies like BIM and Blockchain Technologies. However, given the competitive nature of the industry, the best companies are in constant search for better technologies that offer a competitive advantage (Connor and Yang 2004; Emiri, 2014). Andresen et al (2000) and Bjork (2003) suggest that such reluctance is a result of the low level of the perceived benefit. Metropolis and Tatum (2000) also stated two major reasons: uncertain competitive advantage from using new technologies and lack of information regarding technology benefits that are the main causes of organizational reluctance to incorporate new technologies. Other issues faced with BIM and blockchain are lack of education, lack of information on technology, lack of government support through legislation, lack of collaborative procurement to support, high cost of training, lack of management clients and lack of trained professional to handle the tools.
The repeated breakdowns in communication have led to increased costs and extended project execution time (Barlow 2000), the heavy dependence of countless construction firms on conventional ways of communications, such as exchange of drawings and related paper documents (Gallaher et al 2004, Somerville 2004), underscores the need for an adoption of the BIM system in modern-day projects (Davidson 2009).
This research appraises the adoption of BIM and the Blockchain technology in construction industry.
The objectives of this study are as follows:
• Determine the significance of the adoption of the BIM and blockchain on the project performances.
• Ascertain the impact of BIM and blockchain technology on AEC industry.
The construction industry engagement with BIM has primarily been as a common platform for information exchange between a multitude of professionals, suppliers, and contractors. This is a platform to share knowledge and communicate within the project participants.
There is an increasing use of information technology in construction project management. Computer-aided designs (CAD) are widely used in the process of creating, modification, analysis, and optimization of construction designs.
Building information modeling (BIM) is a kind of CAD system, based on parametric technology that stores the information on the building and designs in an integrated database and enables more effective conceptualization and construction of infrastructure by using 3D design information representation. The technology of BIM empowers the collaboration of project participants. Changes performed by building designers, are updated in real-time and are made evident to all participants. Utilization in the design part of the project cycle leads
to reduced document errors and omissions, reduced network, and reduced cycle time of the design process.
Blockchain technology is principally known to enable cryptocurrency transactions (e.g) bitcoin.
Blockchain is a database technology that ensures secured exchanges and storage of any information uploaded to the database. Information is sequentially uploaded and compiled into immutable and time-stamped blocks. These are then linked together and the links between the blocks of information are constantly verified on a peer-to-peer basis by other computer forming part of the same database. There is no need for a third party to verify the accuracy of the information stored in the Blockchain; the database essentially verifies itself effectively, once a block of information is chained, it can never be altered without database users knowing about it.
Blockchain can improve the advent of Building Information Modelling. At present building information sharing Blockchain could allow for instantaneous updates to every single person working on a BIM project. This sort of constant feedback and monitoring from all parties could result in greater transparency and higher standard of working being produced consistently. Figure 1 demonstrates of Blockchain technology of a given project that comprises of the client,
BIM manager, architect, engineer, contractor, building control officer, insurer, and the facilities manager.
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Figure 1: Demonstration of Blockchain Technology software (Source: Bimplus)
Figure 2 Merging BIM and Blockchain technology software (Source: Bim Summit, Digitalizzione e Revoluzione
As at 2018 advanced project management software allows for project collaboration, but Blockchain could take things one step further in a data-driven digital environment, the potential for even more efficient and accurate project delivery could become a reality as displayed in Figure 2 depicting the common models, project data, team activity and communication in merging of BIM and block chain technology, while Figure 3 demonstrates BIM software in an architectural form.
Figure 3 Building information modelling software (Source: www.wsp.com)
A comprehensive model of communication of a given project in Blockchain is shown in figure 4.
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Figure 4 Blockchain technology software network flow (Source: Technology Facilitation Mechanism, Sustainable Development Goals)
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research applied both quantitative and qualitative components to enhance the overall strength, validity, and reliability of the study. The following two types of data was employed to realize the objective of this study.
Primary Data: was derived from the questionnaire, by distributing to engineers and managers of various construction companies.
Secondary Data: was collected mainly from review of published and unpublished materials.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A questionnaire survey was carried out from July 2018 and January 2019 in Russia with a sample size 60, consisting of a pool of professionals who took the survey as shown in figure 5 with varying qualifications (see figure 6), drawn from 40 respondents (76%) indigenous and 15 respondents (24%) foreign firms. It is noteworthy that only 18 respondents (25%) admitted having underwent training relating of BIM and block chain technology while 39 respondents (75%) have not undertaken any continuous professional development (CPD) training on the subject matter. Respondents that undertook CPD related to BIM and block chain said they are amazing software and can help in advancing construction activities.
Figure 5 Positions of respondents
I
Strongly agree Agree Strongly disagree Disagree
■ Frequency 18 29 3 10
■ Percentage 34% 51% 2% 7%
Figure 7 Prospects of BIM and its ability to change the entire AEC industry
A larger number respondents (85%) who had prior exposure to BIM agreed that is reliable and less expensive to use and moreover a change order can be requested if the client is not in agreement with the BIM design. However other respondents consisting of 15% disagreed with this opinion. Similarly (85%) of respondents believe BIM and Blockchain can create a better platform for participant's project where viewing, collection, organization, and information are facilitated. According to respondents it provides a platform for application development to drive efficiencies and effect a digital transformation in the targeted industry.
The Feasibility of Blockchain adoption in Russia construction industry looks promising as a higher percentage of respondent that are aware of Blockchain, say it will be one of most used software in Russia's construction industries in no distant future (see figure 8).
Figure 8 Feasibility of Blockchain adoption in Russia construction industry
10(1
StrcngJy agree Agree Undecided Strongly disagree Disagree
■ Percentage 75% 17% 4% 2% 2%
L. Frequency 49 5 2 1 1
Figure 9 Popularity of Autodesk Revit and Naiviswork as BIM software
Figure 9 shows that out of 58 respondents surveyed, 49 representing 75 percent strongly agreed that Autodesk Revit, Archicad and Naviswork are building information modeling software and platforms; 5 representing 17% agree, 2 (4%) respondents were undecided 1 (2%) respondent disagree; 1 (2%) respondent strongly disagree. This places Autodesk Revit and Naiviswork as the foremost BIM software used in Russia.
CONCLUSION
This study examined the prospective adoption of building information modeling and Blockchain technology in Russia's construction industry. The results obtained from the study shows that seventy five percent (75%) of engineering students, engineers, surveyors, and architect are not aware of its existence while few are abreast with it. The latter group stand to benefit the following: Improved visualization; improved productivity due to easy retrieval of information; increased coordination of construction documents; embedding and linking of vital information such as vendors for specific materials, location of details and quantities required for estimation and tendering; increased speed of delivery; reduced costs, etc. Hence to maintain and improve client satisfaction in the construction industry, project participant must undertake continuous professional development (CPD) training, seminars, and workshop to sensitize personnel in the building and construction industry. This in turn will lead to better service delivery and efficiency. Research conducted by Emiri & Ewa (2020) reveals that although there are more indigenously owned construction companies in Russia than foreign owned companies, the later tend to make use of ICT more, hence indigenous construction companies need to take up and utilize BIM and Blockchain technology for better competitive advantage in the global market.
References
1. Andrea Nardinocchi, (2017) Il Processo Di Digitalizzione Della Societa Di Ingegneria Italferr, Bim Summit, Digitalizzione e Revoluzione, Milano.
2. Ahmad, A. M., Dernian, P, & Price, A, D. (2012) BIM Implementation Plans: A Comparative analysis.
3. Allen consulting Group (2010) Productivity in the building network; assessing the impacts of building information models Sydney: The Built Environment Innovation and Industry Council.
4. Andersen, E. S (2006) toward a project Management theory for renewal projects. Projects management Journal 37 (4) pp. 15.
5. Anumba C. J. Baugh, C and Khalfan, M. M. A. (2002) organizational structures to support concurrent Engineering in construction. Industrial Management and Data Systems 102 (5). pp. 260-270.
6. APCC, A, (2009) integrated Project terms and building Information Modeling in the Australlian construction Idustrallia Joint working.
7. Arayiici, Y., Khosrowshahi, F., Ponting, A. M., & Mihindu, S. (2009). Towards Implementation of building information modeling in the construction in the 21st Century collaboration and integration in Engineering management and Technology". Istanbul Turkey: Middle East technical University and Florida International University. pp. 142-151.
8. Autodesk. (2007) BIM's return on Investment.
9. Azhar, S. (2011) Building Information Modeling (BIM) trends, benefits disks, and challenges for the AEC industry, leadership and management in Engineering.
10. BAKSI, N.Kagioglou, M., Aouad, G. (2006) Evaluating the business benefits of Information System 3rd International SCRI Symposium, Salford Centre for Research and Innovation, University of Salford, Salford, Retrieved
11. Baldwin M. (2012) BIM Implementation & Execution Plans BIM Journal.
12. Barlow, J. (2000) "Innovation and learning in complex offshore construction projects", Research Policy, vol. 29, no. 7-8, pp. 973-989.
13. Bassioni, H. A, Price, A, D. F., Hassan, T. M. (2007). Performance Measurement in Construction, Journal of Management in Engineering, 20, 2, 42-50.
14. Broguctas, M. (2010) using BIM as a Project Management tool/how can BIM improve the delivery of complex construction projects? MSC thesis, International Project Management, University of Applied Sciences Stuhgart.
15. Building Information Modelling - BIM (2019) retrieved from www.wsp.com/en-GB/Services/building-information-modelling-bim accessed September 2019.
16. Davidson, A.R., (2009) A study of the deployment and impact of building information modelling software in the construction industry. [online] Available from: http://www.engineering.leeds.ac.uk/eengineering/documents/AndrewDavidson.pdf
17. Emiri D. A. (2014) Individual consumer and organizational buying behaviour for engineering software. Management and Marketing Challenges of the XXI Century, V Eurasian Youth Economic Forum Congress of young economists. Page 31-34.
18. Emiri D, Ewa D. E. (2021) Virtual Project Management in Nigeria's Construction Industry. APWEN Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology (AJEST). Volume 5, Issue 1. Page 12-23.
19.Gallaher M.P., O'connor, A.C. Dettbarn, J.L., Gilday, L.T. 2004. Cost Analysis of Inadequate Interoperability in the U.S. Capital Facilities Industry. U.S. Department of Commerce Technology Administration. National Institute of Standards and Technology.
20. Klaus Times, Naoto Kanehira, (2017) STI Roadmaps Incorporating SDG and Implications for Policy and Capacity Building (World Bank Group), Technology Facilitation Mechanism, Sustainable Development Goals.
21. Mitropoulos, P. and Tatum, C. B., (2000). "Forces driving adoption of new information technologies." Journal of construction engineering and management 126(5), 340-348.
22.O'Connor J., Yang L., (2004) Project versus use of technologies at project and phrase levels, Journal of construction engineering and management 130 (3).
23. RCS. (2014). Engineering design and project risk: do more of the first to take on less of the second (RCS - Rapid Construction Solutions). Baku, Azarbaijan: MacKay Group.
24.Smith, S. (2012) Pre-Selection of construction consultants based on attributes of trust. Proceedings of 28th Annual ARCOM. Edinburgh, UK: Association of Researchers in Construction.
25.Stephen Cousins, (2018) French Start-Up Develops Blockchain Solution for BIM, Bimplus, retrieved from www.bimplus.co.uk/news/french-start-develops-blockchain-solution-bim/
26. Zhenzhong, H., Jianping, Z., & Ziyin, D (2008). Construction process simulation and safety based on building information model and 4D technology. Tsinghua Science and Technology, Vol. 13: No. SI, pp. 266-272.
Appraisal of emergence of building information modeling (BIM) and blockchain technologies in construction industry
Аwali Ali, Ahmed Hamzah Ahmed Hussein, Almasni Btol Nabil Ali, Moogam Taher Adel Taher, Abdulwahed Baleegh Mohammed Hazaa
Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU)
Fusing Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the Blockchain Technologies have been regarded as an integrated one-stop shop capable of addressing the inefficiencies of the construction industry. Nonetheless, while some organizations have embraced BIM as an innovative way to work and have recorded success, others have raised the questions "What are BIM and Blockchain technologies? Are they tools or processes? What sizes of organizations stand to benefit from the BIM and Blockchain technologies?" To answer these questions this research applied both quantitative and qualitative methods derived through questionnaires, interviews, and existing literature. The research findings revealed that the following factors contribute to the slow adoption of these technologies: lack of education, lack of information on technology, high cost of training and a lack of trained professionals to handle the tools, amongst others. Majority (75%) of respondents from the built industry are yet to undertake any training on these technologies and are unaware of the benefits and applications. The study asserts that to maintain and improve client satisfaction project participants must undertake continuous professional development (CPD) training, seminars, and workshops, to sensitize and improve personnel skills, leading to better service delivery and efficiency in the construction industry.
Keywords: Building Information Modeling (BIM), Blockchain Technology, Construction Industry, Construction
Project, Virtual Project Management
References
1. Andrea Nardinocchi, (2017) Il Processo Di Digitalizzione Della Societa Di Ingegneria Italferr, Bim Summit, Digitalizzione e Revoluzione, Milano.
2. Ahmad, A. M., Dernian, P, & Price, A, D. (2012) BIM Implementation Plans: A Comparative analysis.
3. Allen consulting Group (2010) Productivity in the building network; assessing the impacts of building information models Sydney: The Built Environment Innovation and Industry Council.
4. Andersen, E. S (2006) toward a project Management theory for renewal projects. Projects management Journal 37 (4) pp. 15.
5. Anumba C. J. Baugh, C and Khalfan, M. M. A. (2002) organizational structures to support concurrent Engineering in construction. Industrial Management and Data Systems 102 (5). pp. 260-270.
6. APCC, A, (2009) integrated Project terms and building Information Modeling in the Australlian construction Idustrallia Joint working.
7. Arayiici, Y., Khosrowshahi, F., Ponting, A. M., & Mihindu, S. (2009). Towards Implementation of building information modeling in the construction in the 21st Century collaboration and integration in Engineering management and Technology". Istanbul Turkey: Middle East technical University and Florida International University. pp. 142-151.
8. Autodesk. (2007) BIM's return on Investment.
9. Azhar, S. (2011) Building Information Modeling (BIM) trends, benefits disks, and challenges for the AEC industry, leadership and management in Engineering.
10. BAKSI, N.Kagioglou, M., Aouad, G. (2006) Evaluating the business benefits of Information System 3rd International SCRI Symposium, Salford Centre for Research and Innovation, University of Salford, Salford, Retrieved
11. Baldwin M. (2012) BIM Implementation & Execution Plans BIM Journal.
12. Barlow, J. (2000) "Innovation and learning in complex offshore construction projects", Research Policy, vol. 29, no. 7-8, pp. 973-989.
13. Bassioni, H. A, Price, A, D. F., Hassan, T. M. (2007). Performance Measurement in Construction, Journal of Management in Engineering, 20, 2, 42-50.
14. Broguctas, M. (2010) using BIM as a Project Management tool/how can BIM improve the delivery of complex construction projects? MSC thesis, International Project Management, University of Applied Sciences Stuhgart.
15. Building Information Modelling - BIM (2019) retrieved from www.wsp.com/en-GB/Services/building-information-modelling-bim accessed September 2019.
16. Davidson, A.R., (2009) A study of the deployment and impact of building information modelling software in the construction industry. [online] Available from: http://www.engineering.leeds.ac.uk/eengineering/documents/AndrewDavidson.pdf
17. Emiri D. A. (2014) Individual consumer and organizational buying behaviour for engineering software. Management and Marketing Challenges of the XXI Century, V Eurasian Youth Economic Forum Congress of young economists. Page 31-34.
18. Emiri D, Ewa D. E. (2021) Virtual Project Management in Nigeria's Construction Industry. APWEN Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology (AJEST). Volume 5, Issue 1. Page 12-23.
19. Gallaher M.P., O'connor, A.C. Dettbarn, J.L., Gilday, L.T. 2004. Cost Analysis of Inadequate Interoperability in the U.S. Capital Facilities Industry. U.S. Department of Commerce Technology Administration. National Institute of Standards and Technology.
20. Klaus Times, Naoto Kanehira, (2017) STI Roadmaps Incorporating SDG and Implications for Policy and Capacity Building (World Bank Group), Technology Facilitation Mechanism, Sustainable Development Goals.
21. Mitropoulos, P. and Tatum, C. B., (2000). "Forces driving adoption of new information technologies." Journal of construction engineering and management 126(5), 340-348.
22. O'Connor J., Yang L., (2004) Project versus use of technologies at project and phrase levels, Journal of construction engineering and management 130 (3).
23. RCS. (2014). Engineering design and project risk: do more of the first to take on less of the second (RCS -Rapid Construction Solutions). Baku, Azarbaijan: MacKay Group.
24. Smith, S. (2012) Pre-Selection of construction consultants based on attributes of trust. Proceedings of 28th Annual ARCOM. Edinburgh, UK: Association of Researchers in Construction.
25. Stephen Cousins, (2018) French Start-Up Develops Blockchain Solution for BIM, Bimplus, retrieved from www.bimplus.co.uk/news/french-start-develops-blockchain-solution-bim/
26. Zhenzhong, H., Jianping, Z., & Ziyin, D (2008). Construction process simulation and safety based on building information model and 4D technology. Tsinghua Science and Technology, Vol. 13: No. SI, pp. 266-272.
