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APPLICATION OF OIL SLIME IN THE PRODUCTION OF RUBBER PRODUCTS
Sakibaeva Saule Abdrazakovna, Zhantasova Ulbala Sultanovna, Orazymbetova Almira Omarova, Issa Aziza Bakytzhankyzy, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan state University,
Kazakhstan E-mail: isa.aziza@mail.ru
APPLICATION OF OIL SLIME IN THE PRODUCTION OF RUBBER PRODUCTS
Abstract: In series rubber mixture on the basis of SKI-3 complete replacement of oil PN-6sh on an organic part of oil slime is made. Results of testing showed that the rubber mixes containing an organic part oil slime instead of traditional PSh-6 oil are effective that allows to expand a source of raw materials of production of rubber products.
Keywords: oil slime, organic part, rubber mixture, softener, vulcanization.
Introduction
At present in the world several approaches to solving of the problem of utilization of the oil slimes which are formed in processes of oil production and oil processing were created.
According to [1] it is known of application of the following methods (and their combinations) neutralizations and processings of oil slimes:
- combustion of oil slimes in the form of water emulsions and utilization of the marked-out heat and gases;
- dehydration or drying of oil slimes with return of oil products to production, and sewage in turnover circulation and the subsequent burial of a firm remaining balance;
- hardening of oil slimes by the special consolidating structures with subsequent use in other industries of the national economy, or burial on special grounds;
- processing of oil slimes on gas and steam and gas in oil products;
- use of oil slimes as raw materials (components of other branches of the national economy);
- physical and chemical division of oil slime (solvents, deemulgator, surfactant, etc.) on the making phases with the subsequent use.
The decisive factor defining the polluting properties of slimes and also the directions them utilization and neutralization ofharmful effects on objects of the environment is the structure and physical and chemical properties.
Oil slime are represents the heavy oil residues containing on average (on weight) 10-56% of oil products, 30-85% of water, 1,346% of solid impurity [2; 3].
Method and results
The purpose ofwork is to study of oil slime influence on a complex of properties ofvulkanizat on the basis of SKI-3.
Taking into account the chemical composition of the oil slime is considered more appropriate to demand and cost-effective use of waste in the production of rubber products.
As an object of research formulation batch rubber compound has been taken for the manufacture of cars rugs (Table 1).
We have made full replacement of oil PN-6sh on an organic part of oil slime in serial rubber mix on the basis of SKI-3. The dosage of an organic part of oil slime is made from 5.0 to 9.0 masses part on 100 masses parts of oil slime.
Rubber mixes were prepared by a standard technique of mixture. Test pieces were prepared according to the compoundings presented in table 1.
Table 1. - The recipes of rubber compounds for rugs car
Name of ingredients On 100 masses parts of rubber
Reference rubber mix The studied option of rubber mixes
1 variant 2 variant 3 variant 4 variant 5 variant 6 variant 7 variant
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
SKI-3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sulfur technical 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Sulfenamid of "C" 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Whitewash zinc 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
Acid stearin technical 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Rosin tall 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Phthalic anhydride 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Benzole acid 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Section 7. Technical sciences
Mixture of rubber mixes was carried out on laboratory rollers was identical and made 25 minutes. Optimum loading is 1 kg mini-of PD 320 160/160. The general duration of mixture in all cases mum. The order of introduction of ingredients is given in table 2.
Table 2. - An order of introduction of ingredients of rubber mixtures for rubber rugs of cars on laboratory rollers of PD 320 160/160
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Wax protective 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Oil PN-6sh 9.0 - - - - - - -
Organic part of oil slime - 5.0 5.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 9.0
Diafen FP 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Atsetonanil P 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Kaolin 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0
Carbon technical P 245 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
Carbon technical P 514 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
Name of operation Time, min.
beginning of operation end of operation
1 stage of mixing
Loading of SKI-3 rubbers 0 3
Loading V parts of free-flowing ingredients (whitewash zinc, acid stearin technical, wax protective, rosin tall, atsetonanit P) and V parts of technical P514, P 245 carbon 3 8
Loading, V parts of free-flowing ingredients (phthalic anhydride, benzole acid, diafen FP, kaoline) and V parts of technical P514, P 245 carbon 8 12
Loading of plasticisers oil PN-6sh or organic part of oil slime, V parts of technical P514, P 245 carbon 12 17
Loading V parts of technical P 514, P 245 carbon 17 23
Removal of compound from valets 23 25
Total 25
2 stage of mixing
Loading of a compound, heating 0 2
Loading santogard, accelerator Sulfenamid of C, sulfurs technical 2 5
Removal of a compound from valets 5 6
Difficulties when carrying out process of mixture weren't noted. An organic part of oil slime has good compatibility with SKI-3, is easily entered into rubber mix, and improves the dispersion ofpow-dery ingredients. There are no sticking. It should be noted that distribution of ingredients in rubber at application of an organic part of oil slime quite satisfactory and doesn't demand change of the mode of rolling and curing.
For assessment of behavior of an organic part in rubber mixes and their influences on properties ofvulcanizates used the following complex of methods of research:
- the method of determination of kinetics of curing on Mon-santo's rheometer GOST 12535-78;
- the method of determination of hardness on Shora A GOST 263-75;
- the method of determination of elastic and strength properties in case of stretching GOST 270-75.
An important characteristic in the processing of rubber compounds is the resistance of rubber compounds to premature vulcanization, which is determined by the vulcanization characteristics, removed on the Monsanto rheometer. From these rheograms define parameters to assess the vulcanization properties of rubber compounds: Minimum (M . ) and maximum (M ) of torque, the
L K min' v max' 1 '
start ofvulcanization (ts), the torque at the optimum point of curing (M), the time to reach the optimum curing (t) [4].
Table 3 are presents data on research tendency to premature scorch investigated rubber mixtures for producing rubber rugs vehicles containing varying amounts of the organic portion of sludge, in Monsanto rheometer at 150 °C at test duration of 25 minutes.
Table 3. - Characteristics of vulcanising of rubber mixtures
The name of indicators Rubber mix
Reference rubber mix 1 variant 2 variant 3 variant 4 variant 5 optimal variant 6 variant 7 variant
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Minimum torque, N • m 10.2 10.5 10.3 10.1 10.1 10.0 10.0 10.0
APPLICATION OF OIL SLIME IN THE PRODUCTIONOF RUBBER PRODUCTS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time of the beginning of curing, min. 5'00" 5'10" 5'10" 5'10 '' 5'10'' 5'05 '' 5 '05 '' 5'00 ''
The moment in an optimum of curing of M3, N • m 32.5 33.4 33.4 33.5 32.5 32.5 31.6 31.5
Time of achievement of optimum extent of curing, mines 18' 1810" 1810" 18 00" 17'50" 17'40 " 17"45" 17"45"
Maximum torque, N • m 35 36 36 36 35 35 34 34
Time of achievement of the maximum extent of curing t4, minutes 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 20'
From the analysis of calculation data the vulcanization characteristics of rubber mixes it has been established that in the presence of an organic part of oil slime for the same time of test more cross links are formed. Time of achievement of 90% of extent of curing of the rubber mixes containing an organic part of oil slime increases, curing speed at the same time remains at the previous level. Optimum time of achievement of curing of rubber mix for production of rugs for cars was reduced from 18 minutes to 17 minutes 40 seconds in comparison with reference that is confirmation of positive influence of an organic part of oil slime on vulcanization properties of rubber mixes. It allows increasing performance of a
production process rubber of technical products due to reducing time of curing of finished goods.
With increase in maintenance of an organic part of oil slime, decrease in the maximum torque is observed, that is explained by the plasticizing properties of an organic part of oil slime, and thus, the developed rubber mixes are more technological [5]. Lack of reversion for all studied rubber mixes is also established.
Organic part of the oil slime has an impact not only on the kinetics of vulcanization of rubber mix, but also on physical and mechanical properties of rubber by changing the crosslink density of the vulcanizate and sulfide crosslinks [4].
Table 4. - Physical and mechanical properties of vulcanizates for rugs cars
The name of indicators 100 wt. parts of rubber
model 5.0 5.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 9.0
Conditional tensile strength, MPa, not less 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.7 7.8 8.0 8.5
Relative elongation at rupture,%, not less 300 270 252 280 300 300 310 320
Shore hardness, conditional unit 60 62 62 61 58 60 60 59
Discussion
Analyzing the physical and mechanical characteristics of rubbers presented in table 4 it is possible to note that additive influence most is considerably shown at a dosage 7.5-9.0 mass parts of an organic part of oil slime. Indicators meet standards of control. An organic part of oil slime exerts the strongest impact on indicators ofval-ues of relative lengthening at a gap which increases from 270% up to 320%. This effect is shown on rubber samples irrespective of curing
time. At slime dosage 7.5 wt.p the conditional durability of rubber significantly increases from 7.5 up to 8.5 MPas. Hardness indicators on Shora are identical with values of indicators of reference option.
Thus, the results of the above-described extended tests show that the rubber mixtures containing organic slime instead of the traditional oil PS-6 is effective and allows expanding the raw material base of production of rubber products.
References:
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