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ANALYSIS OF WATER RESOURCES OF KHARKOV REGION
А. Zabelina, student, E. Voronova, ass. prof., N. Vnukova, ass. prof.,
KHADY
Abstract. The negative influence of agriculture and industry on superficial waters of the Kharkiv region is considered. It has been revealed that the Dikanevskie and Bezludovskie treating construction and intensive development of agriculture contribute mostly on the quality of water objects. It has shown that pollution represents a significant danger to the environment.
Key words: resource potential, water resources, transboundary pollution, purifying constructions.
Introduction
Water resources are one of the main constituents of the natural and resource potential of the Kharkiv region.
It is necessary to analyse the condition of water resources in the Kharkov area.
If the region takes the fifth place in Ukraine according to the population and economical development level it occupies the 15 place according to the parameter of specific water delivery on one inhabitant. This disproportion attracts attention to the preservation of this water potential of the oblast.
The Kharkiv region is the industrially developed region of Ukraine with intensively developed agriculture. That is why the problem of superficial water pollution protection is of primary importance for the dry Kharkiv region [1].
Analysis on the ecological condition of superficial waters in Kharkov region
Positive tendencies in economic development of the region are connected unfortunately with the increase in anthropogenic loading on water resources of region. Further it can lead to their exhaustion and above permitted standard pollution and as a result, to the deficiency of potable water if not to undertake necessary measures.
The State management in the area of water utilization, protection and water resources renewal in the oblast territory is realized by the local Councils of People's Deputies, their executive power, represented in the oblast by the State Administration of Ecology and Natural Resources being at the same time a territorial agency of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine. The main responsibility of the State Administration is to execute the state water control, a complex of water resource control and coordination of activity of the departments, enterprises and institutions of this branch.
Our attention was attracted to the quality control of water in the rivers the Severski Donets and the Oskol in transboundary array station near the Russian Federation.
According to the results of monitoring researches for the last 10 years the tendency of improvement of water quality in the Severskyi Donets and its inflows is observed. The analysis of mid-annual concentration of the cores of substances polluting water (mineral oil, ammonium salt, nitrites, heavy metals) testify that the quality of water in the Severskyi Donets has improved but periodically does not achieve corresponding specifications especially during flooding.
The Kharkiv region is the first among the least water-provided areas of Ukraine
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Pic. 1. Parameters of water using in Kharkiv region: line 1 - Total amount of water from the water objects taken; line 2 -Underground waters taken away; line 3 -Total amount of water from the water objects used; line 4 - Total amount of water dumped into
At same time the basic sources of water pollution resources of the region are the enterprises housing a municipal service that dump in superficial reservoirs of 88 % of the polluted sewage [2].
The quality of superficial waters in the Kharkiv region was controlled on 25 array stations. Concentration of nitrites almost in all array stations exceeds the maximum concentration limit and in mineral oil in some tens times.
Condition of the Severskiy Donets, the river Oskol has become worse.
On the basis of data we have calculated the generalized parameter of dump of polluting substances of water objects for each enterprise of the Kharkiv region.
Thus the main water pollutants in the Kharkiv region are Dikanevskie and Bezludovskie water treating constructions.
The analysis on the ecological condition of superficial waters in Kharkov region has shown that the quality of water objects concerning ecological classification are bad and very bad (IV-V a class of quality) with infringement of
ecological parameters and development of the degradation processes.
Conclusion
One of the problems of the Kharkiv area is the absence of purifying constructions. To solve the problem of quality water improvement it is necessary to increase the operation of the existing ones and to build new clearing constructions.
By the initiative of the Kharkiv Oblast State Administration a technical and economic assessment «Ecological enhancement of Siverskyi Donets basin and drinking water guality» unprovement was developed by the Ukrainian Research Institute of Ecologic Problems.
At the same time the administrations of Belgorod, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Lugansk and Rostov oblasts declared the intention to join the program with the aim of enhancement of the unified natural complexes and limitation of transboundary pollution of water resources of the Siverskyi Donets basin.
References
1. Верниченко А.А., Поддашкин А.В. Экологи-
ческая классификация водотоков Украины // Проблемы охраны вод: Сб. научн. тр. -Харьков: УкрнЦоВ. - 2000. - Вып. 1, 2. - 95 с.
2. Кузин А.К. Методы обобщенной оценки сброса
веществ в водные объекты и качества поверхностных вод // Содержание химических веществ в природных водах и вопросы выноса их реками: Гидрохимические материалы. - Ленинград: Гидрометеоиздат, 1989. - T.XCV. -143 с.
Рецензент: Э.Б. Хоботова, профессор, д.х.н., ХНАДУ.
Статья поступила в редакцию 14 января 2008 г.
