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YflK 504.058
ESTIMATION OF THE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT STORM WATERS FROM TERRITORIES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
E. Voronova, ass. prof., A. Skrypnik, student, E. Mostepan, ass. prof.
KHNADU
Abstract. The negative influence of industrial glass producing enterprises on the biosphere has been considered. It has been revealed that the total contaminants of environment are storm waters. It has been shown that storm waters from territories of the industrial enterprises and highways represent huge hazard to the biosphere.
Key words: storm waters, the glass producing enterprise, the economic damage, the confirmed concentration.
Introduction
According to the Ukrainian legislation [1] one of environment contamination sources are storm waters. Until recently storm flows referred to the category of conditionally pure sewage were not considered as a source of pollution. The last researches showed that storm waters substantially became polluted on highways with intensive movement and on territories of industrial enterprises.
Therefore the purpose of this work is to specify and estimate the damage of storm waters from the highways on the environment. The industrial enterprises are the objects of research because there is little influence of storm waters on the environment. These data are not systematised and grouped for separate industries.
The economic damage to the environment inflicted by storm flows
Among the cities of Ukraine with poor ecological situation are ones located not only the in large industrial centers but also in cities where the percent of industries is less. The state of the ecological situation of such cities has been considered on the example of Konstantinovka of Donetsk region.
In the course of research it has been revealed
that storm waters from the town and its industrial territories pour in the river Krivoy Torets without purification. The river water belongs to the category of «dirty».
Storm waters are dangerous for the environment because they take out the dissolved and not dissolved admixtures from the water-producing territories and become polluted by dust, gases and other harmful admixture in the surface layers of the atmosphere.
To determine the negative influence of industrial storm waters on the biosphere it has been done a calculation of the economic damage to the environment inflicted by storm flows from the industrial glass producing at the enterprise of «Buildingglass» of Konstantinovka. Storm waters of this enterprise penetrate directly in the river without any purification.
Glass production includes preparation of raw components, receiving batch, its welding in the furnace with the addition of broken glass, glass formation. In the course of glass production around 500 tons of polluting substances and about 34 thousand tons of wastes penetrate into the atmosphere.
There are coolers for glass cooling at the enterprises. Water enters one of them after glass cooling at the temperature 50°C. The water level
in the cooler is regulated automatically. When there is a failure in the system the excess of waters penetrates into storm sewerage. Not only the polluted storm waters but also the warmed-up waters are poured into the Krivoy Torets.
To estimate the influence of the glass enterprise on the pollution of the river a comparison of concentration of polluting substances in the water received in the samples of the by sanitary-epidemic service has been executed. It is necessary to note the excess of admissible concentration of all substances but nitrates.
□ the confirmed concentration □ existing concentration
Pict. 1. The estimation of existing concentration of pollutants as a part of industrially-storm waters with confirmed concentration, %
The operation of the industrial enterprises and in particular «Buildingglass» influences negatively on all components of the environment the total sources of environmental pollution are storm waters from the roads of the territory of these industrial enterprises.
To define the economic damage on the environment inflicted by industrially-storm waters from the territory of the industrial enterprise of «Buildingglass» the annual volume of storm waters [2] has been calculated.
Taking into account the types of surfaces of the enterprise territories, its area, drain factors, condition of surfaces, meteorological data it was considered the annual volume of industrial storm waters. The annual volume of storm
waters from territories of the enterprise constituted 46537,5 m3/year.
According to the calculation done the economic damage on the environment by industrially-storm waters constituted 9400 grn.
Conclusion
To prevent the water resources pollution by such dangerous source of pollution as storm waters from highways of the industrial enterprises it is recommended:
- to establish a system of local purifying construction at the enterprises pouring polluted storm waters without purification;
- to carry out the control of the technical state of the transport used and types of surfaces on territories of the enterprises;
- to carry out daily mechanical cleaning of the territory;
- to carry out the organisation of overhangs over warehouses of raw materials.
References
1. Водний Кодекс України: Постанова Вер-
ховної Ради України № 213/95-ВР від 6 червня 1995 р. // Збірник нормативних актів з екологічного права. - Харків, 1997.- С. 103 - 150.
2. ДСТУ 3013-95. Правила контролю за від-
веденням дощових і снігових стічних вод з територій міст і промислових підприємств. - К.: Держстандарт України, 1996. - 26 с.
Рецензент: В.А. Юрченко, профессор, д.т.н., ХНАДУ.
Статья поступила в редакцию 9 апреля 2008 г.
