CC BY
10
UDC 336.717.3
Abdullaev A.Sh.
1st year graduate student Faculty of Economics Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
ANALYSIS OF DEPOSIT AND NON-DEPOSIT OPERATIONS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
Abstract. The article defines such terms as Deposit and non-Deposit operations. The article also provides a classification of Deposit and non-Deposit transactions according to various criteria. According to the Bank of Russia analyzed the Deposit market of Russia and the Republic of Dagestan.
Keywords: Bank, Deposit, non-Deposit, bond, certificate.
Passive operations are operations of banks on attraction of funds for the formation their resources [2, p. 213].
All passive operations can be divided into:
> Deposit;
> non-Deposit.
Deposit operations are operations on attraction of funds by commercial Bank of legal entities and individuals in deposits for a certain period or on demand. Deposit-funds in the currency of the Russian Federation or foreign currency placed by individuals for the purpose of storage and receipt of income. The income on the Deposit is paid in cash in the form of interest [1]. The peculiarity of this group of passive operations is that the Bank has little control over the volume of such operations, as the initiative in placing funds in deposits comes from depositors.
Deposit operations are classified [3, p. 167]:
> based on the category of depositors, there are deposits:
• legal entities (enterprises, organizations, other banks);
• individuals;
> according to the withdrawal form, deposits are divided into:
• demand-side (non-time-bound obligations);
• fixed-term (time-bound) obligations);
• savings deposits of the population.
Attraction of deposits of legal entities and individuals is made by the Bank by opening a term Deposit account with the conclusion of a Bank Deposit agreement (the issuance of a savings book) or the issuance of a savings (Deposit) certificate.
Non-Deposit borrowed funds characterize the funds that the Bank receives in the form of loans or through the sale of its own debt obligations in the money market. Non-Deposit sources of Bank resources differ from deposits in that, firstly, they are not of a personal nature, that is they are not associated with a
specific client of the Bank, but are acquired on the market on a competitive basis, and secondly, the initiative to attract these funds belongs to the Bank itself [4]. Non-Deposit sources of Bank resources include the issuance of bonds and promissory notes, raising funds from the interbank market and the REPO market.
Considering the market of Deposit operations at the Federal level, we can say that deposits of individuals occupy a large share in the total amount of funds raised (54% on 1.01.2017). The volume of deposits of the population increased by 13% or by 2.12 trillion rubles on January 1, 2017, and legal entities - by 1.6% or 109.1 billion rubles.
Speaking about the temporary structure of deposits of individuals,it should be noted that the largest amount of funds of the population is placed in deposits for between 1 and 3 years. On January 1, 2017, the share of these deposits in the total amount of deposits is 6.6 trillion rubles. If at the beginning of 2015 deposits for the period "to 181 days to 1 year" accounted for 17.9% of deposits of the population, then on January 1, 2016 - already 42.6%, and at the beginning of 2017
- 39.5%.
Next, we turn to the analysis of the market of non-Deposit operations of commercial banks. The largest amount of funds is attracted by the issuance of promissory notes to 1 to 3 years. As at 01.01.2015, this method attracted more than 176 billion rubles. But the further situation in the economy, primarily the depreciation of the national currency, had a strong impact on this instrument of raising funds. So, on 01.01.2016 has already attracted about 129 billion rubles for the same period (a decrease of 27.6%), and on 01.01.2017 - almost 135 billion rubles (an increase of 4.7%) [5].
For a more detailed study of the market of Deposit and non-Deposit services of the Russian Federation it is advisable to analyze the market of Deposit services at the regional level on the example of the Republic of Dagestan.
As at 01.01.2017, the banking system of the Republic is represented by 6 credit institutions with 3 branches and 6 branches of credit institutions of other regions, including Dagestan branch No. 8590 of the North Caucasus Bank "Sberbank of Russia".
On 01.01.2017 deposits of individuals amounted to 53.8 billion rubles, an increase by 01.01.2016 amounted to 8.1%. At the same time, we see an impressive increase in these deposits in foreign currency and precious metals by 25.4% by 01.01.2016, due to the depreciation of the Russian ruble, therefore, Dagestanis began to invest more in deposits in foreign currency. But the relative stability of the national currency during 2016 affected the fact that the funds in these deposits decreased by 21% by 01.01.2017. A similar situation is observed with the total amount of customer funds in foreign currency: first, their volume increased by 11.5%, and then decreased by 11.6%. In the total volume of attracted funds the most significant deposits of natural persons (on 01.01.2015 - 71%, on 01.01.2016
- 78%, on 01.01.2017 - 76%) [6].
Analysis of the Deposit market of the Republic of Dagestan shows that the market is highly dependent on the overall economic situation in the country.
Thus, the successful development and effective functioning of a commercial Bank cannot be ensured without a detailed and economically sound scheme of Deposit and non-Deposit operations, taking into account the peculiarities of the credit institution and its customers, the selected priorities for further growth and improvement of the quality indicators of the Bank's activities, the socio-economic conditions in which their activities are carried out.
References:
1. Federal law of 02.12.1990 N 395-1 (ed. of 03.07.2016)" on banks and banking activities " (as amended. and EXT., joined. in force from 01.01.2017).
2. Banking: Textbook. - 2nd ed., Rev. / Under the editorship of O. I. Lavrushin. - Moscow: Finance and statistics, 2006. - 672 p.
3. Banking / Zharkovskaya E. P., Arends, I. O. - M.: IKF "omega-L", 2009. -436 p.
4. Isayeva P. G., Omarova H. M. Passive operations of commercial banks // Management of economic systems: electronic scientific journal. 2015. № 9 (81). Pp. 23-28.
5. The official website of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. URL: https://www.cbr.ru/statistics / (accessed: 01.01.18).
6. The official website of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Regions. URL: https://www.cbr.ru/statistics / (accessed: 01.01.18).
UDС 374
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ТашПМИ
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