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IMPORTANT OF BANK DEPOSIT POLICY IN EXPANDING OF THE DEPOSIT BASE
OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
A.M. Rakhimov, researcher Tashkent institute of finance (Uzbekistan, Tashkent)
DOI: 10.24411/2411-0450-2019-10655
Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the state of the deposit market of commercial banks in modern economic conditions. The article discusses the nature and direction of the deposit policy, the principles of its formation. The study of the volume and structure of deposits of individuals and deposits of organizations in terms of terms, types of currencies, banks.
Keywords: deposit, saving, deposit policy, effective deposit policy, commercial banks, banking policy, strategy.
One of the main sources of financial resources for a commercial bank are deposits. This is a group of passive operations used for lending to individuals and legal entities. A wide range of deposits offered to potential investors allows the bank to pursue a flexible policy in the field of active operations, increasing the level of competitiveness.
Most often, deposit operations are interpreted as operations of banks to raise funds from individuals and legal entities for deposits / deposits for a fixed term or on demand [1]. This approach forms the basis for
understanding the essence of the deposit policy.
An effective deposit policy of a bank must not only take into account the category of investors (individuals and legal entities), but also be differentiated within groups. So for individuals today, banks offer deposits aimed at students, retirees, individual entrepreneurs. And for legal entities, the choice is offered from services for small enterprises to large corporations.
In addition, the deposit policy should be varied in terms and amounts, terms of repay-
In the opinion of a number of authors, it is advisable to consider the concept of "deposit policy" from two sides:
- as a bank activity related to attracting funds from depositors and other entities, as well as determining the appropriate combination of these sources;
- as actions aimed at meeting the bank's need for liquidity by actively seeking and attracting funds [2].
In general, there are many definitions of the concept under consideration, although the theoretical foundations in this area are quite developed. Basic approaches are presented in table 1.
ment and interest payments. At the same time, the speed and simplicity of design, an individual approach to a category of clients that is particularly significant for a bank are of great importance.
Bank deposit policy should include:
1. The development of a strategy for the implementation of the bank's activities in attracting funds to deposits;
Table 1. Approaches to the definition of the term "deposit policy of a commercial bank"
Author Definition
O.I. Lavrushin [3] Banking policy on attracting deposits from depositors and effective management of the process of attracting
G.N. Beloglazova [1] The process of attracting temporarily free funds in various types of deposits in commercial banks
G.S. Panova [4] Banking policy to attract funds to deposits and effective management of them
2. Formation of the tactics of a commercial bank in developing, proposing and promoting new bank deposit products for customers;
3. Monitoring the implementation of the policy and its effectiveness.
The ultimate goal of developing and implementing an effective deposit policy of any commercial bank is to increase the volume of the resource base while minimizing bank expenses and maintaining the necessary level of liquidity, taking into account all types of risks. The basis of the formation of the deposit policy are both general and specific principles [5].
- the principle of scientific validity (all actions of the bank must be analyzed in advance and economically weighed);
- the principle of optimality (formation of an optimal deposit portfolio for a given bank)
and efficiency (obtaining maximum profit at minimum cost);
- the principle of security (all transactions must be protected from access by unauthorized persons);
- the principle of an integrated approach (the provision of additional services tailored to customer needs);
- the principle of ensuring reliability (ensuring the security of investors in difficult economic periods).
Taking into account the world experience of conducting deposit operations by banks and the possibility of its adaptation to Uzbek conditions, we can recommend the following scheme of the model of formation of deposit policy of a commercial bank in Uzbekistan.
Figure 1. Model of formation of the deposit policy of a commercial bank
The above model is formed on the basis of current tasks that need to be solved in the process of implementing passive operations and creating a resource base of the bank. Each of the stages of formation of the deposit policy of a commercial bank is closely related to the others and is mandatory for the formation of an effective deposit policy and the optimal organization of the deposit process.
The document "Deposit Policy of the Bank" should define its strategy for raising funds to meet statutory requirements, goals and objectives set out in memorandums on credit and investment policies with a focus on maintaining the bank's liquidity and ensuring profitable work. Specifically, in it the bank provides:
- growth prospects of the bank's own funds (capital), and hence the ratio between own and borrowed funds;
- structure of borrowed and borrowed funds;
- preferred types of deposits and deposits, the timing of their attraction; the ratio between time deposits (deposits) and the term "on demand";
- the main contingent on deposits and deposits, i.e. depositor category;
- the geography of raising funds;
- ways to attract deposits (on the basis of bank account agreements, correspondent accounts, bank deposits (deposits), by issuing their own certificates, bills of exchange);
- the ratio between ruble and foreign currency deposits (deposits);
- New forms of attracting funds to deposits;
- special conditions for the opening of certain types of deposits (deposits);
- measures to comply with the bank's risk
The main directions of further development can be to increase the attractiveness of deposits by raising existing rates; customer opinion research; advertising of bank services; convenience of service; improving the quality of service; formation of complex services.
standards for funds raised.
References
1. Beloglazova G.N. Banking: Textbook. - M.: Finance and Statistics, 2014. - 591 p.
2. Komarevtseva L.V., Gladysheva E.A. Problems of formation of deposit policy in modern conditions / Problems of finance and accounting. - 2014. - №2. - pp. 47-52.
3. Lavrushin O.I. Banking Management: Textbook. - M.: Knorus, 2011. - 560 p.
4. Panov G.S. Credit policy of a commercial bank. - M.: DIS IPFK, 1997. - 464 p.
5. Shulkov S.A. Issues of optimization of the deposit policy of a commercial bank // Actual problems of banking. - Saratov: Center SGSEU, 2011. - 257 p.
ВАЖНОСТЬ БАНКОВСКОЙ ДЕПОЗИТНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В РАСШИРЕНИИ ДЕПОЗИТНОЙ БАЗЫ КОММЕРЧЕСКИХ БАНКОВ
А.М. Рахимов, исследователь Ташкентский финансовый институт (Узбекистан, г. Ташкент)
Аннотация. Статья посвящена исследованию состояния рынка депозитов коммерческих банков в современных экономических условиях. В статье рассмотрены сущность и направления депозитной политики, принципы ее формирования. Проведено исследование объемов и структуры вкладов физических лиц и депозитов организаций в разрезе сроков, видов валют, банков.
Ключевые слова: депозит, вклад, депозитная политика, эффективная депозитная политика, коммерческие банки, банковская политика, стратегия.
