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23Scientific Journal Impact Factor
ANALYSIS OF COTTON QUALITY EFFICIENCY AND INCREASING ITS COMPETITIVENESS IN THE WORLD
Muhammadjonova Iroda Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology
Abstract: This article analyzes the improvement of cotton growing technologies in the country, the creation of opportunities for the production of quality fiber. Opportunities for the production of competitive fiber, which is recognized in the world market through the production of quality fiber, were considered.
The properties and quality of the fiber produced in the analysis were determined in modern laboratory equipment.
Keywords. Cotton, fiber, technological process, cotton ginning, enterprise, selection, textile, fiber properties, quality, cultivation, moisture, pollution, primary processing
Аннотация: В этой статье анализируются улучшение технологий выращивания хлопок в стране, создание возможностей для производства качественного волокна. Были рассмотрены возможности для производства конкурентного волокна, которые признаются на мировом рынке посредством производства качественного волокна.
Свойства и качество волокна, полученного в анализе, были определены в современном лабораторном оборудовании.
Ключевые слова. Хлопок, волокно, технологический процесс, хлопковое ужин, предприятие, выбор, текстиль, свойства волокна, качество, культивирование, влажность, загрязнение, первичная обработка
Changes in the quality of varieties of cotton, which are regionalized in the cotton fields of the country, vary during the hard work of ginners and in the production of yarn from them. For this purpose, an alternative variant of a separate technological process will be developed at the ginneries for each selection variety. Therefore, the acquisition of quality raw materials in the initial processing of various selection varieties in ginneries is one of the most pressing issues today.
Currently, our country is the sixth largest producer of cotton in the world and the third largest exporter. Our country is one of the most active participants in the global textile market.
The modern complex for growing, processing and cooling of cotton fiber, which meets the highest requirements of the world, is also developing rapidly in our country.
INTRODUCTION
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The efficiency of this complex is increasing due to the implementation of deep structural reforms in the industry, the systematic modernization of all links, technical and technological re-equipment, the rapid development of relevant infrastructure, as well as the widespread introduction of modern market mechanisms.
The research process used the methods of objectivity, logic, analysis and synthesis of scientific knowledge. In 2020, the country has achieved balance in the economic and social spheres, developed with high qualities due to modernization and diversification. The country's GDP grew by 8%, industrial production by 8.8%, agriculture by 6.8% and retail trade turnover by 14.8%. Inflation will be lower than forecast at 6.8%. At the end of last year, the external public debt was 17% of GDP and about 60% of exports. This is primarily the result of a deep and comprehensive approach to foreign investment and borrowing in general. In 2020, despite the reduction of the tax burden on the economy from 21.5% to 20.5% and the minimum rate of personal income tax from 9% to 8%, the state budget was executed with a surplus of 0.3% of GDP. As part of the state budget expenditures, expenditures on the social sphere remained high and accounted for 59.3% of total expenditures.
Before determining the quality of cotton fiber, samples are stored in climatic conditions in accordance with GOST 10681-75.
Sampling of cotton fiber is determined by the standard UzDst 614-2000. This standard applies to cotton fiber and specifies methods for sampling and preparation of raw fiber and yarn for testing. The sample taken from the spot is the amount of unbleached fiber or cotton fiber at a given time from a specific location of the point.
The sum of the samples taken from the combined sample point. Sample for testing - the amount of cotton fiber taken from the combined sample and prepared for testing according to the specified method. Without breaking the marked part, the convex fabric is cut by the convex at least 20-25 cm between the two strips. If possible and allowed under certain conditions, one or more tapes will be removed for easy sampling. Remove 1-2 cm from the top layer of cotton fiber.
The sample is taken from the point in the form of a layer with a mass of 100 g and a width of 10-12 cm, which is lightly blown by hand. The mass of the combined sample should not be less than 1 kg. Humidity should not be less than 200 g. In the event of a discrepancy in the determination of the moisture content of the baled cotton fibers, the bales are fully opened and two combined samples are taken.
REFERENCES AND METHODS
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
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Maturity of cotton fiber is determined by the standard UzDst 618-2009. To determine the maturity of the cotton fiber, a staple is prepared by taking a sample of 35-40 mg from a sample cotton. Under the microscope, the values of the fibers are recorded according to the degree of ripeness according to the standard. The fibers are divided into 11 groups according to the degree of maturity. Based on the results obtained, the degree of toughness of the fiber is determined.
The specific tensile strength of cotton fiber is determined by the standard Oz Dst 619-2009. The strength of cotton fiber was studied with a dynamometer type DSh-3M. This is the same as determining the linear density of the fiber, from which a sample with a mass of 50-60 mg is taken from a standard fiber and a flat comb is prepared. 8 mm from the flat surface of the sample and marked with color. The prepared sample is divided into about 10 pieces, so that each length of fiber must be involved in the break. The fibers are flattened before each piece is fastened to the top clamp. The other end of the fiber is attached to the bottom.
The distance between the clamps is 3mm and the drop of the lower clamp is 300 ± 15 mm / min. The broken fiber bundle is then removed from both clamps and the weight is weighed in a series of scales.
The linear density and microney index of cotton fiber are determined by the standard UzDst 620-2009. To determine the linear density of the cotton fiber, a staple of mass 35-40 mg is taken from the sample plate, then a one-sided flat comb is prepared using a clamp 1 and a base board. The selected strand is removed from the board with the help of a clamp, the flat side of which is squeezed with the fingers of the left hand, and again the fibers are prepared in a straight line. After tying the fibers, slowly remove them from the blackboard with the help of the clamp 1, place them on the millimeter paper, and again with the help of the clamp 1 press the clamp on the flat side, marking 16 mm. Then, using a thin, dense iron comb, we slowly begin to comb through the comb, first from the inside close to the flat side, then from the middle, and finally from near the clip. Loosen the combed fiber from the clamp 1, squeeze it with our left hand, and comb the rest again, first sparsely, then twice with a dense comb. Then, the rake is divided into 10 parts and the fixtures are prepared using the mirrors.
After counting the number of fibers in the microscope, the fibers in the device are combined in a straight line, that is, discarded once, and the discarded fibers are counted and subtracted from the total number of fibers. The handle is then placed on a cutting clip and a 10 mm long cut is made in the middle. The mass of the staple is
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cut to the nearest 0.05 mg on a VT-20 scale by separating the cut part and the edge. The length of cotton fiber is determined by the standard UzDst 633-2009. To determine the cotton fiber, a sample with a standard mass of 60 mg is taken from the resulting fiber and a splint is made from it. The prepared staple is placed on the Zhukov tool and the mass along the length of the fiber is determined with a length difference of 2 mm. Based on the results obtained, the model, staple and average mass lengths of the fiber are determined.
Around the world, cotton is used mainly for fiber and for the development of the flat industry. The high level of competition in the world cotton market, the emergence of more modern, technological and fast textile equipment, the need to obtain high quality and competitive textile products create strict requirements for the quality of cotton fiber. In the process of processing cotton, fiber, seeds and lint are obtained from it. These products are widely used in our daily lives, industry, medicine and technical purposes. Cotton is the cheapest and most common product. Issues related to improving the quality of cotton and its competitiveness in the world market are of paramount importance. After the independence of Uzbekistan, in order to further increase the competitiveness of Uzbek cotton in the world market, the focus on the quality of cotton and cotton products and cotton processing enterprises has changed significantly. At present, there are 13 Pakhtasanoat regional joint-stock companies and Pakhtasanoat Ilmiy Markazi. The Republic of Uzbekistan is the sixth largest producer of cotton fiber and the fifth largest exporter of cotton fiber to the world market. The main purpose of evaluating and determining the quality of cotton is to determine its moisture content, degree of contamination, industrial grade, grade and various defects. The results of many studies show that the cleaning of excessively dry cotton raw material (up to 5%) leads to an increase in mechanical damage and a reduction in fiber length due to the appearance of defects. Uzbekistan has adopted a classification system for the quality of cotton fiber. At present, the method of fiber classification is divided into types (vertical classification) and industrial varieties (horizontal classification). In order to achieve the standard performance of fiber, it is necessary to improve the technology of preparation of raw cotton in ginneries, taking into account the specific characteristics of selection varieties of cotton.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, R VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 4
educational, natural and social sciences 0 ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor SJIF 2021: 5.423
Coefficient of maturity by type of cotton and type of fiber
Fiber type Cotton sort
I II III IV V
1a,16,1,2,3 2,0 1,7 1,4 1,2 1.2 and less
4,5,6,7 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1.2 and less
CONCLUSION.
Therefore, the problem of improving the technology of cleaning raw cotton, which is recognized as promising, plays an important role in solving the problem of improving product quality for new varieties. In the process of preparation for processing of raw cotton it is expedient to improve the technology and modes, the interstate standard 3279-95 "Cotton fiber" is the main in terms of color and quality of cotton ginning, along with other parameters that define the basic nomenclature of cotton fiber quality. These indicators, which determine the price of fiber in the world market, depend on the collection, preparation, storage and complex processing of raw cotton. Fiber preservation is mainly the most important part of the technological process of drying, cleaning, fiber and maintaining the quality of the seeds will depend in many ways on them. At present, the study of the effects of drying and cleaning on the kinetics of contamination, knot formation, the structure of raw cotton determines the mechanism of fiber knot formation by technological processes and the kinetics of fiber color change in the laboratory. 'unstudied. A comprehensive indicator of the cleaning effect on cotton raw materials during the ginning process has not been developed. Study and development of scientifically based, effective technology for cleaning raw cotton on the basis of theoretical and experimental research. Cotton ginning machines are a current challenge to preserve their natural properties (natural color) and reduce fiber defects. The expected results of the study will improve the quality of products produced by the industry. Development of a complex indicator of the effect of the cleaner on the cotton, the coefficient of impact and model of the cleaning drum is determined. The change in fiber color is mainly affected by the drying process of the waste. Based on the results of complex theoretical and experimental research to improve the process of preparation of promising varieties of cotton for processing, the following has been developed:
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, R VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 4
educational, natural and social sciences 0 ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor SJIF 2021: 5.423
Temperature regimes of drying of new varieties of raw cotton, taking into account their specific properties;
Efficient installation of a heat exchanger produced by a clean heat carrier that does not affect the color of the fiber;
Practical recommendations on the technology of cleaning cotton varieties;
In order to improve the quality of fiber and reduce the loss of cotton products, the scheme of the technological process of cleaning promising varieties of raw cotton is selected.
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8. Obidov Avazbek, Sultonov Mirzaolim, Muhksinov Ibrohim, Abdullaev Shokir. The Theoretical Studies of the Cultivation of Three Cotton Seeds along the Plain. Engineering Vol.10 No.08(2018), 514-520 P.
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