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Maksudov Erkin Tukhtayevich, Deputy Director The Joint Stock Company "Paxtasanoat Ilmiy Markazi" Scientific Research Center of the Cotton Industry Sulaymonov Rustam Shennikovich, Head of Department, The Joint Stock Company "Paxtasanoat Ilmiy Markazi" Scientific Research Center of the Cotton Industry Umarkhodjayev Davron Hakimovich, Chief Engineer, Uzbek Center "Sifat" Tashkent, Uzbekistan E-mail: fara_tashkent13@mail.ru
DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY OF FIBER CLEANING
Abstract: The article presents an efficient technology of fiber cleaning on a two-drum fiber cleaner with working bodies of a new design. The influence of the aerodynamic regime on the efficiency of the machine operation, the cleaning effect, the quality and yield of the fiber, and the degree of fibrous waste in the processing of raw cotton of hard-to-clean varieties were studied.
Keywords: Fiber cleaner, grate, guide, cleaning effect, selection, hard-to-clean grade of raw cotton, fiber, weed, quality.
Introduction: The technological operation of fiber cleaning is currently an actual problem, as in the textile industry, in the production of yarn, high quality cotton fibers are required.
The contamination of the fiber depends on the way the raw cotton is harvested, the type and amount of the technological equipment during its cleaning and processing.
Currently, in the cotton-processing industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan, a fiber cleaner of the 1VPU type is used in sawing technology (Fig. 1), in which, when processing high and low grades of raw cotton, the declared cleaning effect is 3035%, and the fiber content ofwaste to 20-25% [1, 416-417]. The obtained statistical and experimental data show that the actual cleaning effect of the fiber cleaner 1VPU is 22-25%, which is 8-10% lower than the passport one [1, 416-417], and the content of impurities in the composition of the purified fiber during the processing of I-II grades of grade 1 of raw cotton is on average 0.5-1.5% higher than the permissible norm, which does not allow to receive fiber of the "Oliy" class according to the state standard O'zDst 604-2016 "Cotton fiber, Technical conditions" [2, 10-11]. The increase in the volume of procurement of raw cotton raw cotton, poses the task of obtaining high-quality fibers in front of the cotton ginning industry. Single-drum fiber wipers, due to design deficiencies, do not provide intensive separation of hard-to-remove weeds from the fiber, reduce the potential cleaning ability of machines and do not meet technological requirements.
Experimental part: To eliminate these shortcomings, a two-drum fiber cleaner of grade 2VPM with improved
grate bars and guides was created in JSC "Pakhtasanoat ilmiy Markazi" (Fig. 1). The work of a two-drum fiber cleaner at the Zarbdor cotton gin plant of the Djizak region was studied (Fig. 2).
In previous studies [3, 115-120] it was established that the efficiency of the straight-through wipers depends on the aerodynamic mode of the machine. In this connection, studies were conducted to determine the optimum aerodynamic behavior of the new fiber cleaner.
To determine the optimum aerodynamic mode of the fiber cleaner, during the tests, the effect of the fiber's waste on the cleaning effect was studied, according to the approved procedure [4, 340]. Experiments were carried out, during which the rarefaction at the output of the fiber cleaner changed, and fiber samples were taken before and after cleaning, as well as isolated wastes. The results of the experiments are given in (Table 1).
According to the data in (table 1), a graph of the dependence of the cleaning effect (Figure 3) and the fibrousness of the waste (Figure 4), on the degree of rarefaction at the output of the fiber cleaner.
Analysis of the graphs shows that with increasing dilution, the cleaning effect and the fibrousness of the waste falls. This is typical for all types of straight-cutting saw wipers. To obtain the maximum effect, it is necessary to set the minimum discharge. In this case it is necessary to take into account that with a decrease in the discharge at the output of the fiber cleaner, the pressure in the connecting pipe increases, which prevents the normal operation of the gin.
DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY OF FIBER CLEANING
Table 1.- The results of studying the influence of the aerodynamic mode of operation of a fiber cleaner on its technological parameters
№ Discharge at the output of the fiber-izer, kg/m2 Fibrous waste, % The content of defects and impurities in the fiber before cleaning,% The content of defects and impurities in the fiber after cleaning,% Cleansing effect of fiber-cleaner,%
1. -1 45.8 7.1 2.51 40.1
2. -5.5 33.3 6.8 2.6 31.2
3. -8 21.4 3.65 2.4 37.6
4. -12 16.3 3.72 2.91 24.5
Figure 1. Scheme of the modernized two-bar-fiber wiper with new grate bars and guide. 1 - saw cylinder; 2 - guide; 3 - cutter knife; 4 - Lapping device; 5 - grate; 6 - grate; 7 - shit; 8 - a louvered grating; 9 - weed chamber
Figure 2. Upgraded double-drum fiber cleaner in production conditions
40
30
i 20
ID
-- 37,6
jjl ^
-5,5
Otniei vacumn
-8
-12
Figure 3. Graph of the dependence of the cleaning effect on the vacuum at the output of a two-drum fiber cleaner
In this series ofexperiments, the optimal ratio ofaerodynam-ic and technological indicators was observed with a discharge at the fiber cleaner output of the order of 8 kg / m2. In this case, the pressure gradient in the connecting pipe was at the permissible limit. Experiments were carried out during the operation of the fiber cleaner at full load. Therefore, the data given in table 1 should be considered as orienting indicators that do not fully characterize the technological characteristics of the fiber cleaner. In the course ofthe experiments, an aerodynamic regime was determined in which the fiber content of the waste was 15% -25%.
As a result of the tests, technological characteristics of a pilot-industrial sample of a two-drum fiber cleaner are deter-
mined. The experiments were carried out on hand-picked cotton ofgrade I, grade 2, selection varieties C-6541 and Porlock-1.
The results of the tests showed that when processing raw cotton 1-grade, 2-grade, selection grade C-6541, the content of defects and impurities in the fiber after gin is 3.10%-3.5%, and after the fiber cleaner it decreased to 2, 0-2.2%. At the same time, the cleaning effect of the new fiber cleaner averages 34%-35%.
When processing raw cotton 1-grade, 2-grade, selection grade Porlock-1, the content of defects and weed after gin was 3.8%-4.0%, and after the fiber was reduced to 2.4%-2.5% [5, 7-11].
Figure 4. Graph of the dependence of the fibrousness of the waste from the vacuum at the outlet, kg/m2
The cleaning effect of the new fiber cleaner increased to 36.0% -37.0%. The average cleaning effect of the new fiber cleaner was 35.7%, which is twice as much compared to the used 1VPU wipers [5, 7-11].
Conclusions: The proposed fiber cleaner effectively cleans the fiber of hard-to-clean selections of raw cotton and manual harvesting, its design allows to provide high quality of fiber during cleaning. Reduction of the fibrous part in the waste makes it possible to increase the fiber yield.
References:
1. Handbook of primary cotton processing. Under the leadership of F. B. Omonov. - Tashkent. "Voris nashriot" LLO, 2008.416 p.
2. O'zDst 604-2016 "Cotton fiber, Technical conditions". State standard - Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 2016.- 10 p.
3. Maksudov E. T., Aminov H. X., Murodov R. M., Improvement of the high-efficiency unit for cleaning cotton fiber. - Kursk, Russia. Modern materials, techniques and technologies. 2015 y.- No. 2.- P. 115-120.
4. Maksudov I. T., Nuraliev A. N. Collection of instructions and techniques for technical control and assessment of the quality of seed cotton and its processing products in the cotton ginning industry. - Tashkent, "Mekhnat", 1992.- 340 p.
5. Sulaymonov R. Sh., Maksudov E. T., Zhumaniyazov K. Tests of the modernized two-battery fiber cleaner in production conditions. «Textile problem», - Tashkent, 2016.- No. 4.- P. 7-11.
