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20THEORETICAL, PRACTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE CREATION OF AN ENERGY-SAVING UNIVERSAL SCREW IN A NEW DESIGN OF THE TRANSFER LINE OF THE DRYING DRUM OF RAW COTTON.
Fayziev Sirojiddin
PhD Student of Department "Machines and equipment of light industry" of Bukhara engineering-technological Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan. Rakhmonov Khayridin Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Light Industry Machinery and Equipment,
Bukhara engineering-technological Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan. Rakhimov Khakim
Assistant of Department "Technology and Fabric Design " of Bukhara engineering-technological Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan.
Ibodullaev Odil
Master student of the Department of Light Industry Machinery and Equipment,
Bukhara engineering-technological Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan.
Mirzoyeva Sayyora
Master student of the Department of Light Industry Machinery and Equipment,
Bukhara engineering-technological Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan.
Abstract. The article presents the results of theoretical studies of the heat and mass transfer process for the analysis of uniform heating and drying of cotton mass by optimizing the drum rotation speed as a result of falling cotton balls in order to increase the degree of vibration in the drum. Based on the results of analysis and research, a method for drying a heat exchanger by increasing the cotton surface by changing the design of the heat exchanger for a cotton drum dryer has been proposed.
Key words: drying drum, cotton, mine, auger, material, tray, core for seeds, electric motor.
VIII.Introduction
The main goal of the state is to improve the level of civil, cultural and spiritual life of the population, build an economy based on free relations, build a prosperous life for our people and achieve the right approach in the international arena.
Cotton growing and flour milling are of great importance in developing countries. Cotton processing is freed from flour grinding, since the quality and efficiency of processing cotton-based products depends on the moisture content of the cotton.
Drying and heat exchange is a complex process, one of the most important technological improvements in the processing of cotton raw materials, based on the forms of connection with moisture and the physical properties of soil materials.
More than 10000 different types of materials are dried worldwide. These materials are considered the most difficult to digest raw cotton. After all, it is considered a coupononet material (toothbrush, bark, staple material) that has different thermal properties.
IX.Literature review
At the same time, the quality of cotton wool, the formation of dosing processes, modes of drying, irrigation, as well as cleaning of cotton wool as a detergent and drying processes of materials are preserved.
At present, the share of raw cotton grown in the republic is 80-85%. This is one of the most important examples of the recent development of machines for drying and cleaning natural cotton fibers with modern, less energy-intensive soils and cleaners. 2SB-10, SBT, SBO are currently one of the main reasons for the development of cotton fiber in drums. As you know, the moisture content of cotton swabs is 8-10%.
When cotton is dried at this moisture level, cotton mills are dried by blowing cold air into a tumble dryer. Considering the fact that the cotton processing technology has been violated, raw cotton can be cut into tightly packed pieces of 350-400 tons within 6-8 minutes. One of the main problems of ginneries is that cotton wool is technically standard (8-9%), hardened and refined. Analysis of cotton production in cotton factories revealed a number of problems.
For example, as a result of the retardation in the distribution of gas in the regions, the drying agent, that is, hot air, was limited during the preparation of cotton at a temperature corresponding to the moisture content. As a result, the drying agent is usually dispensed at temperatures from 1400 to 1600S, and the process takes place at low temperatures. The moisture content of tumble dryers is low. In some cases, one of the two tumble dryers does not work due to malfunctions and there is no possibility of double drying the cotton. Even in two-drum cotton mills, the second drum is not used in most cases.
Even in cotton mills that use two drum machines, the second drum is not used in most cases. This is because there is no motivation mechanism for frozen high quality fiber. In this regard, including raw materials produced in factories, maintaining the quantity and quality of cotton products, creating technologies to reduce the consumption of raw materials and energy.
Cotton raw materials, ready-made cotton mills, washing machines and technologies that improve the quantity and quality of raw materials and save energy are of great importance.
In this regard, it is necessary to create a scientific basis for legislation to change the thermophysical indicators of cotton of its components, the speed and uniformity of the construction of cotton fibers and seeds in non-stationary heat and mass transfer processes.
One of the important tasks is the implementation of targeted scientific research in such areas as ensuring the production of fiber with competitive quality indicators, the development of new technologies and methods for drying cotton. For this, the raw cotton is prepared for crushing, namely crushing of small pieces of cotton and, to a lesser extent, the transfer of cotton[1].
As mentioned above, the drying process in drum dryers is mainly driven by the use of a high temperature heat transfer medium. At the same time, due to uneven drying, the moisture content in the fiber is below the norm established in the Regulation on Cotton Processing Technology (PDKI-02-03) (5.5%).
As you know, the initial processing process requires a decrease in the moisture content of cotton seeds from 1-2 varieties to 8% and lower by 9%, since the processing of cotton seeds with excess moisture leads to a deterioration in the cleaning process of cotton with dirty impurities, which leads to a decrease in cleaning efficiency. For each process of excess moisture, the increase in fiber defects and impurities increases to 0.7-1.0%. When the moisture content of the cotton seed is 8-9%, the production of fibers improves the cleaning efficiency, improves the coating process, and enables the calculation of defects and impurities in accordance with UZST 6042001 standards.
With the technological processes of drying and designing dryers of raw cotton raw materials, according to research, the temperature of A.I. Kulagin and U.A. Arifova, technical seeds should not exceed 750S, since an increase in temperature leads to a change in the protein content. Heating of cotton fiber should not exceed 1050S, excessive temperature will violate its content and reduce the textile-technological properties of the fiber. Many scientists have been involved in drying technological processes and designing dryers from raw cotton.
Numerous scientific studies have been directed towards improving drum dryers and their interior design. In particular, Bannikov G.V., Mikhailov N.M., Uldyakov A.I., Hamburg G.L., Parpiev A.P., Korsukova A.V., Saidov S., Sadykov, Rakhmanov M.R. and other scientists.
The work of the authors above and the analysis of existing dryers showed that widespread dryers do not meet the requirements of modern cotton drying technology, since as a result of the mechanized method of cotton harvesting, the volume of highly moistened cotton raw materials increases[3].
X. Materials and methods
Cotton, used as a raw material in the textile and light industry and growing in the world market, is essential for the production of high quality and diverse natural products. Much attention is paid to the production of high quality cotton fiber for the further development of the national economy.
The primary processing of cotton begins with the drying of wet cotton delivered to the stand. The duration of drying raw cotton depends on:
- the nature of the material structure;
- the shape and size of the material;
- the amount of moisture to be removed from the material;
- the speed of mixing the material;
- the temperature allowing the material to dry;
- drying procedure;
- drying drum design.
As a result of collision with humid and cold hot air, moist cotton raw materials entering the working chambers of drum dryers are freed from excess air, which is continuous.
The moisture content of a material is defined as the error in the moisture content of the material, measured by the weight ratio of the dry material.
Currently, drum dryers 2CB-10, SBO are used for drying cotton in drying installations.
Studies have shown that the drying process of cotton seeds is influenced not only by its moisture content, but also by its throughput. In particular, when transporting and storing raw cotton in a compressed mode, it is difficult to dry certain parts of the cotton and the process of extracting impurities from them. Therefore, the correct organization of transportation and packaging greatly facilitates the process of drying and cleaning [4].
Product quality is mainly related to the preparation, storage conditions and processing of cotton in cotton factories. However, its quality is primarily determined by the degree of moisture and contamination of raw materials. One of the main operations in this context is that during the primary processing of controlled cotton raw materials, the drying function is assigned to drying shops. Research is being carried out on the use of radio waves for drying cotton seeds in foreign countries using short-wave generating devices that allow moisture removal to an acceptable mode [5].
In recent years, conventional convective drum dryers SXL-1.5M, 2SBS (for drying agent and opposite material movement) for drying cotton raw materials in cotton industry with the same orientation. Used SXL- 1.5M, 2SB-10, SBO (where the raw material and the drying agent move in the same direction). In the counter dryer, the temperature of the drying agent that affects the raw material is constantly increasing, with the heat exerting more pressure on the fiber and core, resulting in overheating. In such dryers, the drying of the components does not proceed evenly with respect to dryers of the same orientation. There are other advantages to this type of drum dryer.
Currently, cotton factories and dry cleaners are equipped with 2SB-10, SBO and SBT drum dryers. We will look at their main devices.
Drum dryer 2SB-10 is a sheet metal drum with a diameter of 3200 mm and a length of 10000 mm (Fig. 1). Its base is made of 2 mm thick sheet steel and is attached to a special frame. The drum has 12 blades in length, which serve to increase the cotton volume and distribute the drum size.
In order to create the best hydrodynamic conditions for the convective heat exchanger and to give rigidity to the structure, the transverse shovels are set at 250 mm per meter. The drum is made of 3 rows of tubular tubes and stops 6000 mm of raw cotton along the drying chamber.
There are casting bars. The purpose of the mesh is to increase the amount of raw cotton in the drop formation zone, which actively affects the drying agent material. Raw cotton is fed into the drum along the tilt of the drum. This feed is transmitted to the drum through a sapphire with a diameter of 1190 mm and is attached to the front of the drum. The drum rotation speed is 10 min-1, and the raw material loading provides 30% of the drum volume, that is 1200-1500 kg of raw cotton. During the drying process, raw cotton is placed in the drum under the influence of a drying agent using a feeder. The raw cotton is caught and lifted up, and then heated when lowered. This is where the desiccant transfers its heat to the wet material, removing moisture and expelling it through the exhaust pipes. Raw cotton, on the other hand, drips and sinks the drums as a result of numerous ups and downs. Removal of dried cotton raw material is carried out using spools attached to a spit 11 at the end of the drum. The 2SB-10 tumble dryer features simple structure and ease of use. However, the 2SB-10 single sided drum dryers have the following disadvantages:
1. Cotton raw material dried in length and width is unevenly distributed. There are empty areas where heat is
lost.
2. Heat transfer is unevenly distributed along the length and width of the drum. The temperature will be 7-8 m / s at the inlet, and up to 0.1-0.4 m / s at the outlet.
3. The structural design of the dryer drum limits the heating rate entering the chamber.
A thin layer on the surface of the wet material protects against heat transfer. The speed of the incoming heat (0.6-1.5 m / s) is insufficient for surface tension turbulence. Consequently, heat is transferred to the material through the heat exchange of the layer, which slows down the heat transfer process. According to research, the average running time of a drum made of raw cotton is 5-6 minutes (heat consumption is determined by the NPS "Pahtasanoatilm" rules). The time of falling raw cotton from shovels is only 1.0-1.5 minutes. In other cases, the raw cotton is in the passive drying zone, that is, in the lifting zone.
A-A Б-Б
1
Fig. 1. Drying drum scheme 2CE-10 1-drum, 2-blades, 3-front support, 4-feeder, 5-backsupport, 6-pipe drying agent, 7-front trunnion, 8-pull pipe, 9-unloading chute, 10-unloading blades, 11-spokes, 12-bearing, 13-drum drive motor, 14-reducer,
15-grate grates.
The analysis of the movement of the cotton in the cross-section of the drum was determined based on the analysis of photographs of raw cotton forming a large pile on the brake mesh. The brake pads prevent the raw cotton from moving normally towards the exit. In section 5-6, in which the pair intersects, the raw cotton accumulates.
The temperature of the drying agent can be increased to 2800S. When drying wet cotton in the dryer, during the first four meters of the drum, the temperature of the drying agent drops from 2800S to 1250S when the raw material heats up and the coating surface is large (250 m2 / kg). In the next drum, the temperature of the drying agent drops to 70 ... 800S, and the evaporation surface of the seeds is much less (1.0 m2 / kg), and the moisture content in the raw cotton slows down.
The performance of the wet cotton dryer 2SB-10 is determined by the following formula:
G, =
600(100+w )
W - W2
The drum performance is determined by the following formula:
^2 =
600(100 + w )
W - W2
where: 600 - moisture capacity of the drum, kg / hour;
W1, W2 - primary and dry moisture content of cotton seeds, %
Drying drum 2SB-10 features simple structure, easy operation and smooth processing of raw cotton.
In recent years, scientists from Pakhtasanoatilm PS and CJSC Cotton Cleaning at SKB have developed an SBO drum dryer for cotton. This dryer has been introduced to the country's cotton industry after numerous production tests. The advantage of this is that the drying of the seed cotton in the SBO dryer removes many fine particles. The design differs from 2SB-10, where the wall of the dryer is made of steel sheet 8 with perforations for the last 3 meters and is installed in a sealed chamber.
Fig.2. Technological diagram (longitudinal section) of the drying drum SBO 1-feeder, 2-screw, 3-pin, 4-drum, 5-rollers, 6-blades,7-perforated mesh, 8-casing, 9-pipe, 10-nozzle, 11-metalbrush, 12-hopper, 13-auger, 14-pipe, 15-reducer.
The efficiency of cleaning small debris is 40%. By using the SBO dryer instead of the 2SB-10, the screwdriver installed after drying is excluded from the cotton processing scheme.
But the main indicator for this dryer is the name, it remains almost 2SB-10. The advantage of this machine is the fact that the processing equipment of the cotton mill performs the operation of cleaning the raw material from dirt, which increases the overall cleaning efficiency. It will also reduce the amount of cotton dust released into the atmosphere.
A number of new designs have been proposed: heat conductors with a nozzle, type of miner, material flow under hydrodynamic effects, and so on.
Specialists of RNS "Khlopkoprom" studied the operation of dryers 2SB-10 and SBO and developed a new dryer STB for fine-fiber raw materials. The principle of operation of this dryer is the same as that of the SBO dryer. The SBT dryer consists of 3 sections, unlike the previous sectional dryers, as in the previous section, it consists of a three-dimensional lifting system, the third section remains unchanged. In this dryer, the agent collides with the desiccant and the wet cotton material in the dryer drum feeding device.
When the SBT dryer is reduced to 6000 kg / h, the moisture content will be increased, reducing the required process moisture content of raw cotton from 10.5% to 6.5% before cleaning and mixing.
The operation of the SBT medium fiber cotton dryer does not provide sufficient efficiency when the amount of combustible fibers increases. Recently, SBT drying equipment is no longer used in the republic due to a sharp decline in the cultivation of fine staple cotton[2].
Nowadays, screw feeders are widely used in cotton ginning plants for cotton dryers. The purpose of the feeding devices is the uniform supply of wet raw cotton to the drum of the dryer in an amount corresponding to its performance. The mechanisms of the feeding devices must operate smoothly under conditions of contact with high temperatures of the heat carrier and feed wet raw cotton into the dryer drum without damaging it.
Feeders for cotton dryers are used in the form of feed rollers and screw augers. A screw auger feeder is discussed below, which provides better performance in wet raw cotton compared to feeder rollers.
In fig. 3 shows a screw feeder, consisting of a shaft 1, a screw auger 2, 300 mm in diameter, a drive 3 with a V-belt drive, a nozzle 4 for supplying hot air and a drying drum 5. The end of the auger screw enters the coolant nozzle.
The screw feeder works in the following way. Wet raw cotton enters the shaft installed on the upper side of the feeder and is fed into the drying chamber using an inclined screw. The auger is driven through a 2.4 kW V-belt transmission, the raw cotton is fed into the drying chamber. Ignition and high moisture content of raw cotton during feeding, clogging during operation of the auger with high productivity are the main disadvantages of the auger cleaner.
□ fl
Fig. 3. Scheme of the screw feeder: 1-mine; 2-screw; 3-electric motor; 4- branch pipe for hot air supply; 5-drum dryer.
A diagram of a feeder with a tray is shown in Fig. 4. This feeder consists of a shaft 1, an inclined chute 2, a nozzle for hot air 3 and a drying chamber 4. The feeder with a chute operates in the following order. Wet raw cotton advancing along the shaft 1 and installed at the angle of the tray 2, enters the drying chamber of the drying drum. The pan feeder saves energy compared to other feeders. Due to the movement by its own weight, the igniting of raw cotton is not observed. These indicators are the advantages of the feeder, and clogging as a result of feeding raw cotton in heaps is one of the main disadvantages [1].
cotton
Fig. 4. Scheme of a feeder with a tray: 1-mine; 2- tray; 3-branch pipe for hot air supply; 4-drying chamber.
Theoretical and experimental study and analysis of the regularities of the movement of raw cotton, as well as the study and generalization of other operations of primary processing of raw cotton, the results of analytical and experimental research requires the creation of new designs of installations for feeding and drying raw cotton. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental study of the patterns of movement of cotton, cotton seeds and the results of experimental study and generalization of other operations for processing cotton, as well as analytical and experimental studies of technological parameters, the creation of adequate new heat treatment plants and heat exchangers.
The cotton drum is known to receive heat from the following components:
- directly from the drying agent during disassembly;
- cottoncotton with the outer surface lying in the bag and in the shoulder blades;
- from parts and body of the heated drum.
Drum drop zone utilization is very low - from 39% to 49% depending on the characteristics of the cotton. As you know, the average clap time in a drum is 5-6 minutes. At the same time, the total residence time in the cotton zone is 1.0-1.2 minutes. The remaining 4.0-4.8 minutes are spent on a cotton pad and a shovel, which are not used to effectively heat the cotton.
Based on theoretical and experimental research and analysis of drum dryers, improvements to the drum dryer were made as a result of the idea of heating the drum body, increasing the degree of blockage in the drop zone, and maximizing the drum surface for fast heat transfer conduction.
Figure 5 shows the proposed drying scheme [5-7].
The dryer works as follows. Heat from the heat generator through pipes 1 and 2 up to 10000 m3 / h, respectively, is transferred to the dryer and the air chamber. Heat penetrates into the drum body and heats it in the air chamber, and then enters the drum through the surface.
Fig. 5. Proposed dryer layout: 1-hot air; 2- mine; 3-feed roller; 4-head drum;5- drying drum.
Hot air through groove 1 prevents cotton from being deposited from the beginning of the drum. When the drum rotates, cotton and hot air enter, as well as heat exchange between the drum body, the cotton dries up, and the hot air used exits through pipe 6.
The main challenge is to use enough cotton in the drop zone and use the right side of the drum for faster heat and mass transfer. This was necessary to optimize the number of drum rotations to ensure that about half of the cotton lying on the paddles on the cutting surface of the drum fell evenly and evenly. The rest of the cotton should
be sprayed onto the shovels, before and after the shovel. As a result, the heat exchange of the drum surface in a convective and conventional way with the inner surface of the drum and shovel increases sharply.
This will provide an accelerated heat and moisture exchange by reducing the amount of cotton currently in the drop zone and using it to dry the waste zone.
A condition for stable operation of the drum dryer is a drop of cotton remaining in the blades when the drum rotates 1.5 times.
This device contains a rotating drum with drying cleaning sections with radial blades and an axial nozzle for injecting a drying agent, which is made cone-shaped to improve the heat flow rate, which makes it possible to reduce the transit heat loss by increasing the diameter of the outlet part of the nozzle. This makes it possible to significantly reduce heat loss. The technical result is to obtain high-quality fiber, by increasing the zone of flow of hot air, while the zone of flow of hot air increases, which allows the process of heat and mass transfer in the zone of falling cotton into the drum to be carried out without hindrance.
To improve heat and mass transfer and reduce the load on the pads and rollers supports, the outer drum journal is increased by 2.5 times.
To measure the temperature of the internal devices of the dryer, a KSP-4 potentiometer with flat chromel-copel thermocouples of the THK type was used. The moisture content of raw cotton was determined in an Uz-8m drying cabinet. To study changes in fiber quality depending on the intensity of drying in drum dryers, modern research methods were applied using effective methods and devices for processing the results obtained.
Evaluation of the quality of fiber after the technological process (drying, cleaning, ginning), according to all indicators, was carried out in the laboratory of the Peshku cotton ginning plant and in the testing laboratory of the Sifat association.
The content of the mass fraction of flaws and trash impurities of the fiber was determined by manual analysis by fractions according to the standard method.
To carry out and process the results of the experiment, the method of mathematical planning of the experiment was used. For our research, the method of the full factorial experiment of the PFE-23 type was chosen.
The processing of the obtained experimental data showed that the most significant factors that have a noticeable effect on the quality and productivity of the dryer are: - the temperature of the coolant, the flow rate of the coolant, the performance of the dryer for raw cotton, the initial moisture content of the raw cotton and the heating temperature of the drum shell. In this regard, the following factors were selected for further experimental research: the initial moisture content of the raw cotton, the productivity of the dryer for wet raw cotton and the heating temperature of the drum shell.
The technological regulations recommend a heating agent flow rate of 18-22 m3 / hthousand, depending on the initial moisture content of raw cotton. On this basis, in experimental studies, the coolant flow rate was taken constant, the average value of which is 20 m3 / hthousand.
The temperature of the drying agent was chosen depending on the initial moisture content of the raw cotton in the range from 1300 to 1900S.
Table 1 shows the levels of factors included in the experimental design.
For the output parameters of the experiment, the moisture content of the raw cotton after drying and the content of the mass fraction of flaws and weeds of the fiber were taken.
Table 1.
Factors and levels of their variation
Designations Factorname Variationlevels
-1 0 +1
Xi Initial moisture content of raw cotton,% 10,1 16,3 22,5
X2 Dryercapacity, t / h 3,5 6,75 10,0
Хз Drum shell heating temperature, 0S 35 52,5 70
A planning matrix with a randomized order of experiments is presented in Table 2.
Table 2.
Experiment planning matrix
№T / n ImplementationorderExperience Factors
Wf/o F t / h T60S
1. 13 24 12 10,1 3,5 35
2. 4 19 14 22,5 3,5 35
3. 3 9 22 10,1 10 35
4. 23 5 1 22,5 10 35
5. 15 7 20 10,1 3,5 70
6. 18 21 17 22,5 3,5 70
7. 8 10 6 10,1 10 70
8. 16 2 11 22,5 10 70
The hypothesis about the homogeneity of the variance estimates was tested using the Cochran test, and the hypothesis about the significance of the regression coefficients using the Student's test. Fisher's criteria were used to test the hypothesis of adequacy.
The experiments were carried out according to the accepted planning matrix (PFE 23).
The drying drum was heated using a heat carrier supplied to the space between the drum and the casing. After reaching the required temperature, at the same time, a drying agent and raw cotton were fed into the drum and after 10 minutes samples were taken after the dryer.
By processing the research results on a computer, the regression equations are obtained
yi=12,8+4,75xi+1,15 X2 +0,85 хз-0,37 xi хз y2=5,62+0,51xi+0,31x2-0,11 хз
The obtained regression equations were tested for adequacy by Fisher's criterion.
An analysis of the equations shows that the heating temperature of the drum shell significantly affects the intensity of the drying process.
Calculations have shown that at the minimum values of x1 and x2, the moisture content of raw cotton after drying at a value of хз from -1 to +1 ranges from 7.38% to 6.42%, i.e. with an increase in the temperature of the drum shell from 35 to 700S, the moisture take-off will increase by 0.98%, with the maximum values of the factors xi and x2, respectively, will be 19.92 and 17.8, i.e. moisture take-off will be 2.44% higher, while the content of defects and fiber clogging will be 0.28% less.
This shows the need to organize the drying of raw cotton with the maximum possible heating temperature of the drying drum and the correctness of theoretical calculations, showing a significant amount of heat received by raw cotton from the heated internal device of the dryer.
This indicates that drying the cotton should help accelerate heat and mass transfer by condensation and that the dryer should be set to the maximum allowed temperature.
VI. Conclusion
Changes in the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of cotton and seeds depend on humidity, bulk density and temperature, which makes it possible to provide an optimal drying regime for the proposed dryer, taking into account differences in the thermophysical properties of cotton components, ensuring acceleration and uniformity of the process.
To optimize air flow, the cotton was dried along the cross section of the drum.
Therefore, with the new automated design of the cotton ball drum transmission, it can be ensured that the cotton seeds from the top of the drum are not stacked together and that the heat exchange from the hot air is efficiently used. And it's important to put it into production.
References
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