CC BY
17Aktam XOLOV
The Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The chief of department of Information and communication technologies in management, PhD (economics sciences), docent; Shohrux Mahmudov The National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, the faculty of Economics; student;
ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION OF THE UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM DURING THE PANDEMIA IN UZBEKISTAN
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, not only social but also economic instability began to occur in the world.
By March 2021, the virus, which has spread to more than 192 countries and regions, has affected more than 120 million people and killed more than 2.6 million.[1] The pandemic has also led to a significant decline in industry, agriculture and services in the global economy, resulting in unemployment.
Historically, there have been many catastrophes, crises of various kinds, but as noted by the world's leading organizations, this pandemic is causing deep social and economic damage to the countries of the world.
The country is constantly taking measures to address the problem of unemployment in the labor market. Initially, in defining the concept of unemployment in a 1915 U.S. Department of Labor report, we can look at it as a socioeconomic phenomenon, the part of the economically active population that could not find a decent job and became a labor reserve.[2]
In the country, we can see that the concept of unemployment officially came into force with the adoption of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On employment of the population in 1992". [2] According of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On employment of the population" an unemployed person is a person who is able to work (from the age of sixteen until receiving the right to a pension), does not have a job and salary (income), and registered as a job seeker in a local labor body. Recognized able-bodied persons who are registered, ready to work, vocational training and retraining, advanced training".[4]
According to the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations at the session of the International Press Club in Fergana, "Unemployment in Uzbekistan during the pandemic reached almost 2 million people, the crisis had a significant negative impact on employment in a number of key sectors
of the economy (services, construction, etc.). especially young people and women in small businesses are vulnerable". In the current situation in the country, according to the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations, the State Statistics Committee puts the unemployment rate at 10.5%.
During the pandemic, as one of the main problems in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as in the world, the scale of the unemployment problem has grown:
First, the fact that the main sectors of the service sector, tourism, hotel chain, railway, aviation and other activities have almost stopped;
Second, because the pandemic is widespread around the world, the opportunities for migrants to return back to the country and return as a result of the borders closure are limited;
Third, the disproportionate number of jobs created and new labor resources, the number of jobs created is significantly less than the number of able-bodied people growing up.
The chart below also shows that even in the developed countries of the world, unemployment has risen during the peak of the pandemic.
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Diagram 1. Unemployment rate in developed countries (Germany, Japan, Canada, USA, French) and the Republic of Uzbekistan (in the
order of the columns). [5]
In the EU, the unemployment rate averaged 6.2 percent in early 2020, compared to an average of 12 percent in Spain, Italy, France, and Greece
during the pandemic. In April-May, the unemployment rate was 14.8 percent, the highest in the United States. increased to.
It is expedient to take the following measures to eliminate the problem of unemployment, along with economic and social problems, with less losses from the pandemic period of the state and people:
First, the establishment of vocational centers in the regions. Increase employment through the training of new and demanding professions and trades in these centers;
Second, the development of silkworm breeding, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, home-based work, beekeeping for the purpose of self-employment.
Third, it is necessary to develop mechanisms for the efficient use of existing irrigated and arable land, two or three times the yield.
A number of practical measures are being taken in the country to eliminate this problem. Also, various decrees and resolutions are being adopted in order to develop and control new measures. In particular, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 5, 2021 provides for the effective maintenance of the "Women's Book" and "Youth Book", the provision of systematic assistance to the unemployed in the field of employment and the organization of work in each neighborhood. "Involvement of" public assistants "in the inspector, conclusion of public contracts with" public assistants "for a period of up to 11 months and setting their salary in the amount of one and a half times the minimum wage" [6].
Conclusions and suggestions. In order to reduce the socioeconomic tensions caused by the coronavirus pandemic, it is necessary, first of all, to provide the population with an understanding of the situation and ensure strict adherence to the basic requirements and to assess the situation as accurately as possible.
In Uzbekistan, it is necessary to take the following important measures to mitigate the effects of the problems caused by this situation:
First, the development of financial incentives for enterprises and organizations, including tax and credit incentives;
Second, it is necessary to expand the financing of small business and entrepreneurship, extend the grace period for loans;
Third, in terms of employment, it is necessary to encourage the creation of short-term jobs.
Literatures:
1. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries[March,2021]
2. https://www.britannica.com/topic/unemployment
3. https://qomus.info/encyclopedia/cat-i/ishsiz-uz/
4.The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On employment of the population"
5.https://fredblog.stlouisfed.org/2020/09/unemployment-rates-by-country-during-covid-19/
6. Resolution of the President of Uzbekistan. PP-5020 of March 5, 2021. https://lex.uz/docs/5320582?otherlang=
7. Абдусаидов А.А. Нодавлат иш билан бандлик хизматлари ривожланишининг хориж тажрибаси // Экономика и финансы (Узбекистан), № 4, 2020. С. 133-139
8. Muminov N., Egamberdieva O. MODERN ASPECTS OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AS A METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE LABOR MARKET OF UZBEKISTAN. В сборнике: Устойчивое развитие экономики: международные и национальные аспекты. Электронный сборник статей IV Международной научно-практической online-конференции. 2020. С. 237-240.
