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THE ANALYSIS OF THE RUSSIANS SPECTRUM AUCTIONS RESULTS
Elena E. Volodina,
Professor of the Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, PhD Moscow, Russia, [email protected]
Evgeny E. Devyatkin,
Radio Research&Development Institute, Head of laboratory 036-21 Moscow, Russia, [email protected]
Tatiana A. Sukhodolskaya,
Radio Research&Development Institute, Keywords: bidding procedure, auction, competition,
Key specialist, Moscow, Russia, [email protected] spectrum, reserve price, license, bidding procedure's rules.
In world practice auction as a method of distribution of frequency spectrum has been used since 90s of XX century. New Zealand and USA were first to use auction in this field. In Europe spectrum auctions have been conducted since 2000. In Russian Federation spectrum auction was planned during the past few years. However first auctions for telecommunication licenses were conducted in October 2015 and February 2016.
The aim of this article is assessment of the results and comparative analysis of the two first spectrum auctions in Russian Federation.
Authors give brief description and characteristics of auction as spectrum distribution method in foreign countries.
They also give the main provisions of national normative-legal base defining the rules for trading on the distribution licenses for provision of telecommunications services using the radio frequency spectrum in the Russian Federation, namely Federal law "On communication" and decree On tenders (auctions, contests) for a license to provide communication services".
The article gives the final results of first spectrum auctions in Russian Federation. In particular, information on result prices of lots is given.
Authors note a number of the past auctions features. First, in both cases the starting price was derived from appraiser's conclusion without providing methodology and assessment criteria. The assessment was maid and the authors note that in the first auction the total initial cost and total final price of the lots differed by approximately six-fold; in the second auction, this difference was approximately one and a half times, while one lot was not purchased. Taking into account the different state of the economies of Russia and European countries, the conclusion was made about inflated prices for Russian auctions, despite their comparability with the results of similar auctions in Europe.
Для цитирования:
Володина Е.Е., Девяткин Е.Е., Суходольская Т.А. Анализ итогов проведения аукционов по распределению радиочастотного спектра в Российской Федерации // T-Comm: Телекоммуникации и транспорт. - 2016. - Том 10. - №7. - С. 87-92.
For citation:
Volodina Е.Е., Devyatkin Е.Е., Sukhodolskaya Т.А. The analysis of the Russian's spectrum auctions results. T-Comm. 2016. Vol. 10. No.7, рр. 87-92.
The first auction as a method to distribute the rights u> use the radio frequency spectrum was conducted in New Zealand in 1990. The auction was held in a closed format: the winner paid the second highest offered price. Put up for tender were national licenses, each for using 8 MHz for TV broadcasting, and a separate closed-format auction took place for cacli license. All lots were identical, and bidding was done simultaneously for all the lots, f 11.
In USA, the idea to use an auction as a way to distribute the frequency spectrum emerged in 1985. However at the time Ihe Congress did not support it. Only later, at the end of 80s and in the beginning of 90s, the Congress was forced to look for additional sources of revenue. It was in 1993 that the auction was legally fixed as a method to distribute radio frequency spectrum because it was recognized to be more economically efficient than lotteries and comparative hearings used before that, in Europe, auctions as a method for radio-frequency resource distribution came into use in the beginning of 2000s and at present are becoming more widely used [2].
In Europe, auctions were initially used for the radio-frequency spectrum distribution in the beginning of 2000s. Results of bidding formed the basis for the distribution of licenses to provide 3G services. As a result of an auction, in Great Britain for example, the price of the licenses was £22.5 bin ($34 bin). This placed the winner companies in a very difficult financial position, and as a consequence, it had a negative impact on the 3G networks' rate of development, on the quality of communication services and on the development of telecommunications in general. Table 1 summarizes data on the results of the auctions for radio-frequency spectrum distribution held in various countries [3J.
Table 1
Country Date of auction Frequency band, MHz Frequent y blocks, MHz Starling (minimal) block price Block price as a result of auct ion
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sweden 02.20! 1 791-796/832-837 796-801/КЗ7-842 2*5 £16.4 mln 0.262 Euro/ MH//person.
801-806/842-847 8(16-811/847-852 2*5 €.4 mln 0.467 Euro/ MH//person
811-816/852-857 816-821/857-862 2x5 t" 16.4 mln 0.519 Euro/ MH /'person
Hong Кiing 02.2011 800 MHz: 832,5-837,5/ 877,5-882,5 2*5 £2.9 mln 1.217 Euro/ MHz/person
800 MHz: 885-890/93 0-935 2*5 62.9 mln 1.5 Euro/ MHz,' person
Australia 07.2011 2,3 GHz 28 and 35 blocks (regional licenses) Average of 10 920 Euro per license
Italy 08-10. 2011 800 2*5 €58.9 mln 0.814 Euro' MHz/person
1800 2*5 € 155.9 mln 0,262 Euro/ MHz/person
2600 (FDD) 2*5 £2.56 mln 0,006 Euro/ MHz/person
2600 (TDD) 1*15 £18.4 mln 0.02 l-uro/MH/j'p erson
Belgium 06.20 П 1950.1-1964.9 и 2140.1-2154.9 1*14.8 20833 Euro/ MH ¿'month 32000 Euro/ MHz/nwmh* 0.219 Euro/ MH //person
11.2011 2500-2520/ 2620-2640 2x20 2778 Euro/ MH //'month (£20 mln in 15 years) 0.046 Euro/ MH/'person
2550-2570/ 2670-2690 2*20 2778 Euro/ MHz/month (£20 mln in 15 years) 0.045 Euro/ MHz/person
Belgium II. 2011 2535-2550/ 2655-2670 2*15 2778 Euro/ MHz/month (£15 mln in 15 years) 0.045 Euro/ MHz/person
2575-2620 1^45 2778 Euro/ MHz/month (£22.5 mln in 15 years) 0.045 Euro/ MHz/person
Spain 11.2011 900 2x4,8 €169 mln 0.381 Euro/ Ml 1 ¿person.
2600 1x10 €5 mln 0.011 Euro/ Ml {¿person.
2600 IMO 0.0002 Euro/ Ml Iz/person.
Spain 0607.2011 800 2x5 £170 mln 0.472 Euro/ MHz/person.
900 2*5 €169 mln 0.366 Euro/ MHz/person.
2600 2*5 £5 mln 0.021 Euro/ M11 //person.
2600 2*10 €10 mln 0.024 Euro.' MHz/person.
France 12.2011 791-801/832-842 2 к 10 £400 min 0.54 Euro/ M i l/'person.
801-806/842-847 2 ч 5 £300 mln 0.84 Euro' mh/j person.
806-811/847-852 2* 5 £300 mln 0.84 Euro.' Ml Iz/person.
811-821/852-862 2\ 10 £800 mln 0.71 Euro/ MHz/person.
09.2011 2600 2x5 £50 mln 0.076 Euro/ MHz/person.
0.116 Euro/ Mllt'person.
0.104 Euro/ M l Iz/person.
0.11 Euro/ Ml Iz/person.
Latvia 01,2012 2600 2*20 £286 000 0.01 Euro/ Ml Iz/person
Switzerland 02.2012 800 2*5 21.3 mln ctif 0.219 CHF/ MHz/person
900 2*5 21.3mh.CHF
1800 2*10 16.6 mln. GIF
1800 2*5 7.1 mln. chf
210(1 (TDD) 1*5 4.15 mln CHF
2100 (TDD) 1*5 2.7 mln CHF
2100 (FDD) 2*5 8.3 mln CHF
2100 (FDD) 2*5 5.4 mln CHF
2600 (FDD) 2*5 8.3 mln CHF
2600 ( FDD) 1x5 12.45 mln CHF
2010-2025 1*5 1245 mill CHI
TOTAL (incl. Hie number of blocks) 637.55 mill CHF
Denmark 06.2012 801-821/842-862 2*5 50 mill DDK SO.476 mh// person
791-801/832-842 2*5 50 mill DDK $0.169 m Hz/ person
Romania 09.2012 800 2x5 £35 mln 0.094 Euro' MI 1 ¿'person
900 mi ь. (01.01.20 13-06.04, 2014) 1,7 mln
2*5 MHz (06.04.20 14-05.04. 2029) £40 mln 0.104 Euro.' MHz/person
1800 2x5 мп/ (01.01.20 13-06.04. 2014) £0,8 mln
T-Comm Том 10. #7-2016
____
2*5 MHz (06.04.20 14-05.04, 2029) €10 mln 0.099 Furo/ MHz/person
2600 2x5 €4 mln 0.21 Euro/ MHz/person
2600 1x15 €3 mln 0.012 Furo/ M H ¿'person
TOTAL: €624 mln (depending on no, of blocks) 0.096 Furo/ M H ¿'person
Thailand 10.2012 2100 2^5 $ 146,4 mln $0.228 MHz/ person
$0,211 MHz/ person
$0.211 MHz/ person
Ireland 12.2012 791-821/832-862 2x5 €20 mln 0.48 Euro/Ml Iz/p erson
880-915/925-960 2x5 €20 mln
1710-1785/ 1805-1880 2x5 €10 mln
Holland 12.2012 791-821/832-862 2x5 €35 mln 0.63 Euro/ M H ¿'person
880-915/925-960 2x5 €28,9 mln
1710-1785/ 1805-1880 2x5 €4,125 mln
1900 (unpaired) 1 * 14,6 €590 ,000
2100 2x5 €810 ,000
2600 (unpaired) |x5 €585,000
Norway 12.2012 1920-1980/ 2110-2170 2x5 5 mln NKK
G rem Britain 02.2013 800 2x5 £225 mln $0.64 M H ¿person
2600 2x5 £15 mln $0.1 MHz/ person
Iceland 03.2013 800 2x5 €122 200 0.03817 Euro/ M il ¿'person
0.04 Euro/ M H ¿'person
2x10 €488 800 0.07635 Euro/ Ml 1 ¿/person
led and 03.2013 1800 2x5 €30 550 0.0095 Euro/ MHz/person
0.0102 Euro/ Ml ]//person
0.0108 Euro/ Mi ¡¿'person
0.0194 Euro/ MHz/person
0.0344 Euro/ Mi ¡¿'person
Australia 05,2013 700 2x5 1.36 auslr.S /MHz/person 0.43 Auslr. dollars/MHz/ pei'son
2500 2x5 0,03 anstr. $ ■M! \tJ person
Korea 09.2013 1800 15 289 bin KRW $1.1 /Mllz/ person
1800 35 674 bin KRW $0.55 Mllz' person
2600 40 479 bin KRW $0.22/ MHz/ person
Austria 09-10. 2013 800 2x5 €32 mln 1.06 Euro/ M! ¡¿/person
900 2x5 €28 mln 1.126 Euro/ MHz/person
1800 2x5 €10.4 mln 0.683 Euro/ MHz/person
New Zealand 10.2013 700 2xj 22 mln NZ dollars (€13.64 mln) 0.308 Euro/ MHz/person
Note: * In Belgium, the starting price was differentiated. For the market participants who had less than 2x5 MHz of spectrum in the band of 2100 MHz it was set to 20,133 Euro/MHz/month while for those who had mure than 2 '■■•5 MHz it was 32,00(1 Euro/MHz/month.
In the Russian Federation, first auctions for the distribution of licenses to provide communication services took place at the end of 2015/beginning of 2016. They were held in accordance with the laws in force applicable to the process of organizing and conducting a bidding related to the radio-frequency spectrum distribution, and namely, the Federal Law on Communication (below referred to as the FL on Communication) and the Government Order "On bidding processes (auctions, tenders) for the award of licenses to provide communication services1' (below referred to as the Order on Bidding) |4,5].
Article 31 of the FL on Communication defines the cases where the licenses for the provision of communication services are to be distributed according to the results of bidding (auction, tender). One of these cases stipulates that the following conditions should be met:
1. Communication service will be provided based on the use of radio frequency spectrum;
2. The State Committee on Radiofrequencies sets out that the rad¡©frequency spectrum available for provision of the services put limits on the possible number of telecommunication operators within given territory.
In this case a license is issued and corresponding frequencies are allocated to the bidding (auction, tender) winner.
The Decree on Bidding sets out rules to be followed when carrying out a bidding (lender, auction) related to radio-frequency spectrum distribution. In accordance with this Order the bidding may be held in two versions: tender and auction. However, as far as the distribution of licenses for provision of communication services based on the use of radiofrequency spectrum is concerned, bidding may take place only in the form of an auction.
According to the rules, the bidding shall be organized by the Federal Agency for Oversight of Communications and Mass Media whose duty would be [51:
- Deli lie the procedure, venue, date and lime of the start and termination of accepting application for participation in the bidding;
- Organize the preparation and publication of the notice of the bidding, re-tender (if required), declaration of lender void, completion of the bidding or cancellation of the bidding;
- Provide clarifications with respect to documents to be submitted prior to the deadline for presenting applications;
- Enter into agreements on the bidder down payment;
- Ensure the keeping of the registered applications and accompanying documents as well as confidentiality of the data contained therein;
- Form the bidding commission to be active for the period of the bidding and endorse its personal composition;
- Provide organizational and technical support of the commission activity;
-Carry out other activity connected with organization of the bidding.
Physical persons and legal entities who meet the requirements listed in the published notice of bidding are allowed to take part in the bidding. Such requirements may include: time of application submission, list of documents to be provided by the applicant, as well as a sum of money to be transferred by the applicant within certain period oftime.
When an auction is taking place, the notice of bidding should indicate a starting price of the auction subject, a bid increment
and significant terms of the agreement on bidder down payment. Person who offered the highest price for the lot shall be recognized as a w inner. The offered price may not he lower that the Starting price indicated in the notice of bidding. It should be aiso noted that in accordance with the current laws of the Russian Federation, the w inner of an auction shall be exempted from the one-time payment for the use of radio frequency spectrum, but shall be obliged to make annual payments.
The first auction in the history of the Russian Federation related to the distribution of licenses for provision of communication services look place in October 2015 [6]. 10 regional lots were put up for auction, each granting the right to get a license for providing mobile communication sen'ices by using radio frequency spectrum in the frequency band of ¡800 MHz The starting price of the lots is indicated in table 2.
Table 2
Lot Territory Kloek size, MHz Lot starting price, mln rubles Final hid price of Ihe lot, mill rubles
1 Republic of Dagestan 2*15 240.4 1 060.164
2 K arac h ay- C herkess Republic 2*13.8 31.6 200.344
3 Republic of North Ossetia-Aiania 2x6.8 2*5.2 47.0 275. 890
4 Stavropol Krai 2x13.7 210.3 1 701.327
5 Orenburg Region 2x2.8 2*6.6 z 66.7 587.627
6 Perm Krai (excluding Komi-Permyak Okrug) 2x8 2x1.8 2x] 183.4 744.604
7 Samara Region 2x7.6 101.2 1 082.840
8 Komi-Permyak Okrug of the Perm Krai 2x1 0.5 0.545
9 Republic of Buryatia 2x3.6 2x0.4 83.4 326.094
10 Amur Region 2x4.6 2x8.6 69.1 303.349
The following obligations were imposed on the winning bidders in accordance with the auction documentation [7]:
- To provide communication serv ices to population of cities and communities with more than 2000 inhabitants according to the time schedule adopted by the State Committee on Frequency Registration in December 2013;
- To use redioelectronic devices and systems having performance specifications approved by a decision of the State Committee on Frequency Registration.
Ail the lots were sold as a result of the auction. In this case the composite value of the licenses as a result of bidding exceeded the composite starting price of the lots approximately by a factor of 6 and amounted to 6.3 bin rubles (about f0.26/MlIz/person) (Table 1) |8], that matches the price of similar frequencies in Europe where the price of 1 MHz of the spectrum in the 1800 MHz band amounted, as a result of bidding, to an average of €0.22/person for a national license.
In February 2016, the second auction for distribution of radio-frequency spectrum was carried out in the Russian Federation [9]; in this case, the bidding involved 82 licenses for provision of mobile radiotelephony communication services, data transmission services and telematics services based on the
use of radio-electronic devices and systems of the LTF, telecommunication standard and its later modifications in the frequency band of 2500-2690 MHz One of these licenses was of federal level (besides Moscow, Moscow Region, Republic of Crimea and city of Sevastopol), and 81 of regional level. The composite starling price of ihe lots was set to 5.9 bin rubles (incl. 2.9 bin rubles for the federal lot). In addition to it, the terms of the second auction's conduct stipulated an extra charge for the auction winners in form of compensation to the telecom operators that had a license to provide MMDS services in the acquired frequency band [10J. Data on starting prices and final bid prices are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Lot startin 8 price, mir rubles Final hid
Territory of the Russian Block price of the
Federation size, MHz lot, mln rubles
Territory of the Russian Federation 25 2 939.40 3968.19
ATCA Krai 25 49.7 57.155
AmuI' Region 25 19.6 20.58
Arkhangelsk Region 25 28.3 32.545
Astrakhan Region 25 22.3 25.645
lielgorod Region 25 34.6 38.06
Uryansk Region 25 27.1 36.585
Vladimir Region 25 31.3 35.995
Volgograd Region 25 58.1 69.72
Vologda Region 25 26.5 27.825
Voronezh Region 25 51.4 69.39
City of St.-Petersburg 25 134.3 456.62
Zabaykalsky Krai 25 24.9 26.145
Ivanovo Region 25 23.2 25.52
Irkutsk Region 25 56.4 64.86
Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria 25 16.5 18.975
Kaliningrad Region 25 22.1 25.415
Kaluga Region 25 23.2 26.68
Kamchatka Krai 25 9,6 10.08
Karachay-Cherkess Republic 25 8.5 9.35
Kemerovo Region 25 68 81.6
Kirov Region 25 29.6 38.48
Kostroma Region 25 13.8 15.87
Krasnodar Krai 25 126.2 170.37
Krasnoyarsk Krai 25 70.5 84.6
Kurgan Region 25 20.4 43.86
Kursk Region 25 24.3 31.59
Leningrad Region 25 46.1 53.015
Lipeisk Region 25 25.2 32.76
Murmansk Region 25 20.9 21.945
Nenets Autonomous Okrug 25 1.1 1,155
Nizliny Novgorod Region 25 83.6 112.86
Novgorod region 25 13.9 14.595
Novosibirsk Region 25 66.7 93.38
Omsk Region 25 45.6 61.56
Orenburg Region 25 43.4 56.42
Oriol Region 25 ¡6.2 17.82
Penza Region 25 30.9 33.99
Perm Krai 25 66.3 89.505
Primorsky Krai 25 50.1 55.11
Pskov Region 25 13.8 15.87
Republic of Adygea 25 9 9.9
Altai republic 25 3.4 3.74
Republic of Bashkortostan 25 90.1 121.635
w
Republic of Buryatia 25 22 23.1
Republic of Dagestan 25 59.9 74.875
Ingush Republic 25 8,1 8.91
Kalmyk Republic 25 5.1 5.61
Republic of Karelia 25 14.6 16.06
Komi republic 25 22.8 23.94
Mari El Republic 25 14.9 15.645
Republic of Mordovia 25 17.2 18.92
Republic of Sakha Yakutia 25 26.9 29.59
Republic of North Ossetia-Alania 25 14.6 16.06
Republic of Tatarstan 25 100 155
Republic of Tyva 25 6.2 6.51
Republic of Khakassia 25 11.9 12.495
Rostov Region 25 95.8 134.12
Ryazan region 25 25 27.5
Samara region 25 81.5 1 10.025
Saratov Region 25 57.2 68.64
Sakhalin Region 25 15.9 17.49
Sverdlovsk Region 25 122.9 356.41
Smolensk Reaion 25 21.1 24.265
Stavropol Krai 25 57.4 66.01
Tambov region 25 23.7 26.07
Tver Region 25 28.9 31.79
Tomsk Region 25 24.4 28.06
Tula Region 25 34.4 39.56
Tyumen Region 25 34.2 97.47
Udmurt Republic 25 32.1 38.52
Ulyanovsk Region 25 29.7 32,67
Khabarovsk Krai 25 35.1 36.855
Khantv-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra 25 51.8 119.14
Chelyabinsk Region 25 87.2 117.72
Chechen Republic 25 24.5 50.225
Chuvashi Republic 25 26 29.9
Chukotka Autonomous Region 25 1.7 1.785
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District 25 19.6 47.04
Yaroslavl Region 25 29,4 33.81
Thus, the composite price of the licenses as a result of bidding grew by a factor of 1.4 and amounted to 8.2 billion rubles (including 3,97 billion rubles for the federal lot) [11]. It is important to note that two regional lots remained unsold.
It should be noted that the bidding results for the spectrum in the frequency band of 2600 MHz in Russia match the results of similar auctions in Europe where the value of I MHz of the spectrum in this band amounted to 0.003...0.16 Euro/MHz/person (in the Russian Federation - about 0.015 Euro/MHz/person). However, account should be taken of different levels of economies. Indicative of the auctions held was that in both eases the starting price was determined from the findings of a valuator without reference to the methodology and objective evaluation criteria.
As the international practice shows the value of the starting price should cover the state expenditure on the radio-frequency resource usage monitoring including the cost of conducting bidding. As stipulated in Article 23 of the FL on Communication, in the Russian Federation the expenditure of the stale on managing the use of radio-frequency spectrum is to be compensated by the charge for its use that takes account of the costs related to the support of the radio-frequency monitoring system, to the radio-frequency spectrum conversion and to the funding of the transition of the operating radio-electronic devices
and systems to other frequency bands. With this in mind, the Federal State Unitary Enterprise NIIR developed a methodology to define the staring price for an auction; according to this methodology this price is equal to the payment for the use of the frequency resource put for bid which reflects the existing international practice [12]. However, the established value for the starting price exceeded significantly the payment for the use of the frequency resource that the radio frequency users have to make according to the current methodology of defining one-time and annual payment for radio-frequency resources [13].
Another specific feature of the auctions carried out in the Russian Federation is the fact that the licenses put up for bid were licenses for provision of communication services based on the use of the radio-frequency spectrum, and as such, according to the FL on Communications grant the right to provide communication services but do not grant the right to use radio-frequency resource. Such right should be accorded by the permit to use frequencies/frequency channels (Article 24, FL on Communications).
Furthermore, an overestimated starting price, and, as a consequence, an excessive price of buying the lots, which exceeded the starling price by a factor of 3 to 6, may adversely affect the development of the Infocommunication industry in Russia. Such a situation was observed in Europe after the first auctions of frequency spectrum in the beginning of 2000s when operators were buying license lots at very high prices to be able to develop the 3G technology and then spent several years restoring their sharply deteriorated financial situation.
References
1. Spectrum Allocation Methods: Studying Allocation through Auctions, Journal of Economies. Business and Management, 2015. Vol. 3. No.7. Manuscript of4,h march 2014,
2. Salmon T.C. Spectrum Auctions by the United States Federal Communications Commission. Florida Stale University, 2002.
3. Votodina E.. Devyatkin £.. Sukhodolskqya T. Features of radio spectrum allocation based on the results of auction. Trudy NIIR. 2013. No, 4. Ppl9-27,
4. Federal law of 7lh July 2003 №126-FZ «On communications».
5. Government Order No. 480 of 24 May 2014 "On bidding processes (auctions, competitions) for the award of licenses to provide communication services".
6. Legal Notice about auction on right to get a license to provide communication services using spectrum in 1710-1785 MHz and 18051880 MHz bands.
7. Documentation for auction № 1/2015 on right to get a license to provide communication services using spectrum in 1710-1785 MHz and 1805-1880 MHz bands.
8. The minutes of a meeting of Committee on results of opened e-auction № 1/2015-02 of 5"' October 2015.
9. Legal Notice about auction №2/2015 on right to get licenses to provide mobile, data communication and tclematic services using LTE and its subsequent modification networks in 2570-2595 MHz and 25952620 MHz bands.
10. Documentation for auction № 2/2015,
11. The minutes of a meeting of Committee on results of opened e-a net ton №2/2015-02 of 18th Februaiy 2016.
12. Votodina E.. Devyatkin E.. Sukhodolskaya T. Research of approaches to setting the reserve price at spectrum auctions / T-Comm. 2014. Vol. 8. No.7. Pp. 22-28.
13. Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation Order №164 of 30'1' June 201! on "Methodology for calculating one-time fees and annual fees for using radio frequency spectrum in the Russian Federation".
7t>
PUBLICATIONS IN ENGLISH
АНАЛИЗ ИТОГОВ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ АУКЦИОНОВ ПО РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ РАДИОЧАСТОТНОГО СПЕКТРА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Володина Елена Евгеньевна, к.э.н., профессор кафедры "Экономика связи", МТУСИ, Москва, Россия,
Девяткин Евгений Евгеньевич, Начальник лаборатории 036-21, ФГУП НИИР, Москва, Россия,
Суходольская Татьяна Александровна, Ведущий специалист в области ЭМС, ФГУП НИИР, Москва, Россия,
Аннотация
В мировой практике аукцион, как способ распределения радиочастотного спектра используется с начала 90-х годов XX в. Первыми странами, которые применили аукцион в данной области, были Новая Зеландия и США. В Европе аукционы по распределению радиочастотного спектра проводятся с начала 2000-х годов. В Российской Федерации проведение аукционов планировалось на протяжении нескольких последних лет, однако первые аукционы по распределению лицензий на оказание услуг связи состоялись в октябре 2015 года и в феврале 2016. Основной целью данной статьи является оценка результатов и сравнительный анализ первых двух аукционов в Российской Федерации. Авторами приведена краткая история и дана характеристика аукциону, как способу распределения радиочастотного спектра в зарубежных странах. Рассмотрены основные положения национальной нормативно-правовой базы, определяющей правила проведения торгов по распределению лицензий на оказание услуг связи с использованием радиочастотного спектра в Российской Федерации, а именно: федерального закона "О связи" и постановления правительства "О торгах (аукционах, конкурсах) на получение лицензии на оказание услуг связи". Приведены окончательные результаты первых состоявшихся в РФ аукционов, в частности, приведена информация по ценам выкупленных лотов на получение лицензий на оказание услуг связи с использованием радиочастотного спектра. Авторы отмечают ряд особенностей прошедших торгов. Во-первых, в обоих случаях начальная цена определялась по заключению оценщика без представления методики и объективных критериев оценки. Проведены оценки и отмечено, что: по итогам первого аукциона совокупная начальная стоимость и совокупная окончательная цена лотов различались примерно в шесть раз; по итогам второго аукциона эта разница составила примерно полтора раза, при этом один лот не был выкуплен. Учитывая различное состояние экономик России и европейских стран, сделан вывод о завышенных ценах на российских аукционах, несмотря на их сопоставимость с результатами аналогичных аукционов в Европе.
Ключевые слова: торги, аукцион, конкурс, радиочастотный спектр, начальная цена, лицензия, правила проведения торгов. Литература
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1 3. Приказ Министерства связи и массовых коммуникаций от 30 июня 201 1 года № 164 "Об утверждении Методики расчета размеров разовой платы и ежегодной платы за использование в Российской Федерации радиочастотного спектра".
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