CC BY
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М.Б. Алимбаи, Р.Б. Аюпова, Д.Б. Зауренбекова
Казахский Национальный медицинский университет имени С.Д. Асфендиярова, кафедра «Технологии лекарств и инженерных дисциплин»
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ АНТИБАКТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ ЭКСТРАКТА ИЗ ПРОЛОМНИКА НИТЕВИДНОГО (ANDROSACE FILIFORMIS)
Резюме: В статье показаны результаты исследования антибактериальной активности экстракта лекарственного растительного сырья Проломника Нитевидного (Androsace filiformisRetz.). По результатам исследования мы обнаружили, что исследуемый экстракта проломника нитевидного обладает антибактериальным эффектом в разной степени выраженности. Ключевые слова: Проломник нитевидный, экстракт, лекарственное растительное сырье, антибактериальная активность.
M.B. Alimbai, R.B. Ayupova, D.B. Zaurenbekova
Kazakh National Medical University, head of the department «Drug technology and engineering disciplines»
STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE EXTRACT FROM THE ANDROSACE FILIFORMIS
Resume: In the article showed the results of the study of the antibacterial activity of the extract of the medicinal plant (Androsace filiformisRetz.).Based on the results of the study, we found that the extract of the androsacefiliformis has an antibacterial effect in varying degrees.
Keywords: Androsacefiliformis, extract, medicinal plant raw materials, antibacterial activity.
UDC 615.246.4/.6:65.9
G.T. Zhumashova, Z.B. Sakipova, G.M. Sayakova, D.M. Jankulov
Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University
A MARKETING ANALYSIS OF THE KAZAKHSTANI PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF LAXATIVES
The article presents an overview of the laxative preparations market for 2012-2016 and the revealed features of the development of this segment of the pharmaceutical market in Kazakhstan. The ratio of countries-manufactures represented in the market of laxative preparations has been analyzed; the analysis of laxatives by origin has been carried out.
On the basis of herbal preparations Senna (Kazakhstan), Senadexin (Ukraine), Alax(Poland) and Eucarbon (Austria) the sales figures for 2012-2016 have been analyzed in natural and monetary units and the main trends in the development of the market of drugs recommended for use to patients with impaired activity of the gastrointestinal tract, including with constipation, have been identified. Keywords: Kazakhstani market of medicines, laxatives, consumption trends.
Introduction.
The growth of the population with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is considered a problematic issue of the XXI century, which increasingly attracts the attention of scientists and practitioners of many countries of the world. Dynamic pace of modern life, irrational nutrition, bad health habits, increase in the number of causes of stress and etiological factors in the development of allergic diseases, irrational drug intake - that is an incomplete list of the driving factors that are recognized as the main causes of gastrointestinal diseases. More than half of the population (up to 75%) with varying frequency meets with a violation of the gastrointestinal tract, which manifests itself in a difficult or rare emptying of the intestine, that is, with constipation. Most often, this ailment is not an independent pathology, but indicates already existing diseases in the body [1, 2].
In addition to the adult population, children often suffer from constipation, so safe preparations with the possibility of use for children from the first year of life are increasingly in demand. To treat functional disorders of the digestive system, which are manifested by constipation, laxatives are used [3, 4]. Laxative pharmacological properties are pronounced in a number of plants, for example, in rhubarb Tangut,alder buckthorn, common buckthorn, senna Alexandria, and aloe tree. This effect of the plant is determined by the leading group of biologically active substances - anthracene derivatives [3, 5, 6].
From the position of pharmacokinetics it is known that anthraquinones are practically not absorbed in the small intestine. Further transformations of compounds are interpreted as follows: in the large intestine under the influence of microorganisms sugar is cleaved from the anthraquinone molecule and restored to a free anthrone or anthranol, which are the active substances [5]. Anthraquinones exert their effect directly in the large intestine (they practically do not affect the secretion and peristalsis of the stomach and small intestine), causing the electrolytes and water to escape into the intestinal lumen, while the passage of stools is reduced and their liquefaction is observed [7, 8].
The domestic pharmaceutical market offers to the targeted segment of consumers a range of laxative drugs. In the pharmaceutical industry much attention is paid to the analysis of the situation in the pharmaceutical market. The analysis of the pharmaceutical market allows evaluating the effectiveness of decisions in this industry.
The purpose of the work was to conduct a marketing analysis of the Kazakhstani pharmaceutical market of laxatives. Results and discussion.
At this stage of the study we conducted a more detailed analysisof the domestic pharmaceutical market of laxatives with ATCof A06Aclassification for years 2012-2016.
BecmHUK Kß^HMy №1-2018
The structure of the market of laxative preparations by manufacturers registered in Kazakhstan for 2012-2016 was analyzed. [Table 1) [9, 10].
According to Table 1, the total number of assortments of laxative preparations for year 2012 is 40, for year 2013 - 38, for year 2014 - 43, for year 2015 - 38, and for year 2016 - 36. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the total number of producing countries for the period under study had changed insignificantly: laxatives in years 2012 and 2013 were presented by foreign manufacturers from 13 countries, in year 2014 from 16 countries, in year 2015 from 15 countries, in year 2016 from 14 countries.
The overall ratio of foreign and Kazakhstani producers of this group of drugsis shown in Figures 1-5.
Kazakhstani producers occupied 32% of the market in this segment with 13 assortment positions in 2012, the largest number of drugs among which was produced by PC Kyzylmai and Pharmacy 2010 Ltd; in 2013 with 12 assortment positions - 31% of the market of this segment; in 2014 with 12 assortment positions - 28% of the market of this segment; in 2015 with 11 assortment positions - 29% of the market of this segment; in 2016 with 11 assortment positions - 30% of the market of this segment [Figures 1-5).
Imported preparations of this segment in the largest number are supplied from India, Ukraine, Czech Republic and France
Table 1 - Generalized data on the structure of names of laxatives by for 2012-2016
throughout the analyzed period. The number of drugs from other countries is small.
Laxative preparations were also analyzed by source of manifacturing [Table 2). The share of herbal medicines in 2012 is 40 %, in 2013 -37 %, in 2014 -39,5%, in 2015 - 42 %, in 2016 -41,7 % of the total market [Figure 6). In 2013 there was a tendency to reduce the share of plant laxatives on the market compared to 2012, from 2013 to 2014 there was a tendency to increase the proportion of herbal products. Then there is an insignificant change in the share of herbal preparations. The main producers of herbal preparations on the market are domestic companies: PC Kyzylmay, Zerdefito LLP [Table 3). Analysis of laxative preparations of domestic production shows that the share of preparations of plant origin is greater than that of synthetic ones [Fig. 7). Among domestic laxatives the share of phytopreparations in 2012 was 69%, in 2013 and 2014 - 67%, in 2015 and 2016 - 73%. Most likely, this is explained by the fact that Kazakhstani producers of synthetic drugs are dependent on the raw material component of production. Local producers have to buy raw materials for the production of drugs abroad, which makes the pharmaceutical industry dependent. With regard to the production of herbal products, Kazakhstan has a sufficient raw material base that needs to be developed, as well as to maximize its potential as part of the development of domestic production.
cturers on the pharmaceutical market of Kazakhstan
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
№ Manufacturer Country Amou nt of assort ment items Sha re % Amou nt of assort ment items Sha re % Amou nt of assort ment items Sha re % Amount of assort ment items Share % Amount of assort ment items Share %
1 AbbottBayolodjikalz BV * Netherl ands 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
2 CiplaLtd India 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
3 Sanofi-aventis France 2 5.0 2 5.3 2 4.7 2 5.3 2 5.6
4 Pharmac PJSC Ukraine 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
5 Teva Czech Republi c 3 7.5 4 10.5 3 7.0 3 7.9 3 8.3
6 Stada* German y 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
7 PharmaprimLtd. Moldov a 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
8 Lekhim-Kharkov JSC Ukraine 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
9 KyzylmayFirm PC Kazakhs tan 4 10.0 3 7.9 3 7.0 3 7.9 3 8.3
1 0 Pharmacy 2010 LLP Kazakhs tan 3 7.5 3 7.9 3 7.0 3 7.9 3 8.3
1 1 Pharmaceutical company "Romat" LLP Kazakhs tan 2 5.0 2 5.3 2 4.7 1 2.6 1 2.8
1 2 Nizhpharm Russia 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
1 3 Zerdefito LLP Kazakhs tan 2 5.0 2 5.3 2 4.7 2 5.3 2 5.6
1 4 Shansharov-Pharm LLP Kazakhs tan 2 5.0 2 5.3 2 4.7 2 5.3 2 5.6
1 5 CrevelMoiselbachGmbH German y 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
1 6 Pharmaceutical Comp. Health, Open Company Ukraine 1 2.5 1 2.6 2 4.7 2 5.3 2 5.6
1 7 BofurIpsen Industry France 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
1 8 Dr. Reddy's Laboratory India 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
1 9 Medical Union Pharmaceuticals Egypt 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 -
2 0 Grindeks JSC Latvia 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
2 1 Lugansk Chemical and Pharmaceutical PlantPJSC Ukraine 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 -
2 2 Herbion Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd. Pakista n 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 - -
2 3 LupinPharmaceuticals India 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 - -
2 4 Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH German y 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 - -
2 5 PanaceaBiotec India 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 - -
2 6 Biopharma Turkey 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
2 7 NabikasemlndustriesPvt) Ltd. Pakista n 1 2.5 - - - -
2 8 Nabros Pharma Pvt.Ltd India 1 2.5 - - - -
2 9 Poznan plant of medicinal herbs Gerbapol JSC Poland - - 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
3 0 Lubnyfarm OJSC Ukraine - - 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
3 1 Saltfar Great Britain - - 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
3 2 DKPPharmaceutical Factory Ukraine Ukraine - - 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
3 3 johnson&johnson* USA - - 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
3 4 The pharmaceutical factory of Montavit Tes.M.b.kh Austria 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.3 1 2.6 1 2.8
Total 40 100 38 100 43 100 38 100 36 100
Figure 1 - Distribution of countries -manufacturers of laxatives on the market of Kazakhstan in 2012
Year 2013
France
8% 1 Ukraine
Turkey 1 10%
3% ■ Russia
Figure 2 - Distribution of countries -manufacturers of laxatives on the market of Kazakhstan in 2013
Вестник Ка^ЖМУ №1-2018
Figure 3 - Distribution of countries -manufacturers of laxatives on the market of Kazakhstan in 2014
2015 год
Germany 5%
Figure 4 - Distribution of countries -manufacturers of laxatives on the market of Kazakhstan in year 2015
Figure 5 - Distribution of countries -manufacturers of laxatives at the market of Kazakhstan in 2016
Share of plant preparations
44% 42% 40% 38% 36% 34%
■ •■II
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Figure 6 - The share of plant laxatives on the pharmaceutical market of Kazakhstan in 2012-2016 Table 2 - Generalized data on the structure of plant laxatives on the pharmaceutical market of Kazakhstan in 2012-2016
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
№ Manufacturer Country Amou nt of assort ment items Sha re % Amou nt of assort ment items Sha re % Amou nt of assor t ment items Sha re % Amou nt of assort ment items Shar e % Amou nt of assor t ment items Sha re %
1 CiplaLtd India 1 6 1 7 1 6 1 6 1 7
2 KyzylmayFirm PC Kazakh stan 4 25 3 21 3 18 3 19 3 20
3 Pharmacy 2010 LLP Kazakh stan 1 6 1 7 1 6 1 6 1 7
4 Pharmaceutical company "Romat" LLP Kazakh stan 1 6 1 7 1 6 1 6 1 7
5 Shansharov-Pharm LLP Kazakh stan 1 6 1 7 1 6 1 6 1 7
6 Zerdefito LLP Kazakh stan 2 13 2 14 2 12 2 13 2 13
7 Pharmaceutical Comp. Health, Open Company Ukraine 1 6 1 7 1 6 1 6 1 7
8 Lugansk Chemical and Pharmaceutical PlantPJSC Ukraine 1 6 1 7 1 6 1 6
BecmHUK Kœ^HMy №1-2018
9 Herbion Pakistan [Pvt] Ltd. Pakista n 1 6 1 7 1 6
1 0 LupinPharmaceuticals India 1 6 1 7 1 6
1 1 Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH German y 1 6 1 7
1 2 Nabros Pharma Pvt.Ltd India
1 3 Poznan plant of medicinal herbs Gerbapol JSC Poland 1 6
1 4 Lubnyfarm OJSC Ukraine 1 6 1 6 1 7
1 5 DKPPharmaceutical Factory Ukraine Ukraine 1 6 1 6 1 7
1 6 The pharmaceutical factory of Montavit Tes.M.b.kh. Austria 1 6 1 6 1 7
Total 16 100 14 100 17 100 16 100 15 100
Table 3 - Generalized data on the structure of names of laxative preparations of vegetable origin of Kazakhstan manufacturerson the
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Amount Shar Amou Shar Amou Shar Amou Shar Amou Shar
of e, nt e, nt e, nt e, nt e,
№ Manufacturer assort ment items % of assort ment items % of assort ment items % of assort ment items % of assort ment items %
1 KyzylmayFirm PC 4 44 3 38 3 38 3 38 3 38
2 Pharmacy 2010 LLP 1 11 1 13 1 13 1 13 1 13
3 Shansharov-Pharm LLP 1 11 1 13 1 13 1 13 1 13
4 Pharmaceutical company "Romat" LLP 1 11 1 13 1 13 1 13 1 13
5 Zerdefito LLP 2 22 2 25 2 25 2 25 2 25
Total 9 100 8 100 8 100 8 100 8 100
The analysis of the structure of domestic plant laxatives showed that Kazakhstani products are represented by 5 manufacturers for the entire analyzed period [Table 3).
When analyzing the assortment of domestic plant laxatives by sources of production it was noted that the senna leaves are among the most popular. Single positions are taken by the raw materials of the buckthorn bark. There are no domestic laxatives based on raw rhubarb. The only preparation based on raw rhubarb in combination with other medicinal plant raw materials present at the market is the preparation of "Eucarbon" in the form of tablets manufactured by Austria.
In order to determine the peculiarities and tendencies of consumption of plant laxatives by the population of Kazakhstan we have analyzed the sales figures of 4 plant products: Senna [Kazakhstan), Senadexin [Ukraine), Alax [Poland) and Eucarbon [Austria) - for years 2012-2016 in natural and monetary units. So, the demand for Senna, Alax, Eucarbon preparations in natural terms is growing every year [Figure 8). As far as the demand for
Senadexin is concerned, it increased significantly in 2015 compared with year 2014 - the increase [in) for this period was 639 %, and in 2016 the demand slightly decreased. The analysis of the price changes of the analyzed preparations for one package in dollars for years 2012-2016 shows that the price for one package in dollars of Senna's medication for the analyzed period has reduced by 31.8 %, Eucarbon preparation -by 65.1 %, Alax preparation - by 34.8 %, Senadexin - by 25 % [Figure 9). Apparently, this canbe explained by the devaluation oftenge; however, in terms of the national currency the price for one package is relatively high.
The sum of wholesales of the analyzed preparations in dollars is growing:for the analyzed period [years 2012-2016) the increase in wholesales of Senna in dollars is 86.6 %, ofEucarbon in total -88.5 %, for Alax[from 2014 to 2016)- 53.9 %, and for the drug Senadexin[from 2014 to 2016) the increase in wholesales in dollars is 373.5 % [Figure 10).
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 7 - The share of domestic herbal preparations for years 2012-2016
M rOislnik JCiudHMM <№1-2018
Amount of packings
□ 2012 Q2013 Q2014 Q2015 Q2016
317960
300 000
250 000
200 000
150 000
100 000
107 416
79 89 72 250
50 000 39 274 82
73023541238573942 0 0 135439319
4302
0
272052
SENNA
EUCARBON
ALAX
00
SENADEXIN
Figure 8 - Dynamics of sales of plant laxatives in physical terms
Q 6
00
£
C 5
<zp
>- 4 o
4-
(L U
£ 3
8,5286
1 0,6076 0
4,4864
0,6254
00 2012
3,7175 3,3921
0,5967
0 0 ll 2013 2014
3,2003
0,5355
7292
2866
2,9777
2379
0,4146
2103
CEHHA ЭУКАРBОН A.HAKC CEHAAEKCMH
2146
2015
2016
Figure 9 - Dynamics of changes in the prices of laxative herbal preparations in monetary indicators for years 2012-2016
0
9
8
7
2
2
2
0
0
Вестник Ка^ЖМУ №1-2018
Q on И с
О
С D
О
Е <
80 000 70 000 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0
"SENNA EUCARBON ALAX
SENADEXIN
2012 23 865 6 226 0 0
2013 27 405 10 566 0 0
2015 42 790 12 344 1 198 75 673
SENNA
EUCARBON
ALAX
SENADEXIN
Figure 10 - Dynamics of sales of plant laxatives in monetary terms
Conclusions.
Thus, the results of the marketing analysis of the domestic pharmaceutical market of laxatives show that the share of foreign medicines dominates in the assortment of this segment. In year 2012it was 68 %, in 2013 -69 %, in 2014 - 72 %, in 2015 - 71 %, in 2016 - 70 % of the total market. The share of phytopreparations in year 2012 was 40 %, in 2013 -37 %, in 2014 -39,5 %, in 2015 -42 %, in 2016 -41,7 % of the total market. The analysis of domestic laxatives shows that the share of phytopreparations is greater than that of synthetic preparations. The share of phytopreparations in year 2012 was 69 %, in years 2013 and 2014- 67 %, in years 2015 and 2016 -73 % of domestic laxatives. The main source of
phytopreparations is the senna raw material, which does not grow on the territory of Kazakhstan.
A comparative analysis of the sales of 4 plant products: Senna [Kazakhstan), Senadexin [Ukraine), Alax [Poland) and Eucarbon [Austria) - for years 2012-2016 indicates an increase in sales volumes in both natural and monetary terms. This confirms the growing need for laxative preparations of plant origin for the analyzed period.
So, due to the availability in Kazakhstan of a sufficient raw material base of wild medicinal plants the development of the market of laxative preparations of plant origin is topical and promising.
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REFERENCES
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ZhumashovaG.T. Reviewofthekazakhstanipharmaceuticalmarketoflaxatives // Science and Education in modern world: The materials of the international scientific-practical conference. - Karagandy: 2018.-P.213-217.
Г.Т. Жумашова, З.Б.Сакипова, Г.М. Саякова, Д.М. Джанкулов
С.Ж. Асфендияров атындагы К,азац ¥лттыц медицина университету Алматы цаласы
1Ш ЖУРГ1ЗЕТ1Н ПРЕПАРАТТАРДЬЩ ЦАЗАЦСТАНДЫК; ФАРМАЦЕВТИКАЛЬЩ НАРЫГЫНА
МАРКЕТИНГТ1К ТАЛДАУ
ТYЙiн: Ма;алада 2012-2016 жж аралыгындагы ш журпзетш препараттардыц нарыгына шолу журпзшп, Цазак;станныц фармацевтикалык; нарыгыныц бершген сегментшщ дамуыныц непзп ерекшелiктерi аныккталган. 1ш журпзетш препараттар нарыгындагы eндiрушi елдер катынасы талданып, еамдж тект ш журпзетш препараттардыц улеа аныккталган. 2012-2016 жж. аралыгында Сенна (Казахстан), Сенадексин (Украина), Алакс (Польша) и Эукарбон (Австрия) еимдж тект ш журпзетш препараттар нарыгыныц даму динамикасындагы непзп урд^тер аны;талып, сату керсеткштерше талдау журпзыд1 ТYЙiндi сездер: дэршк препараттардыц ;аза;станды; нарыгы, ш журпзетш препараттар,тутыну урд^тер1
