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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-16-9.10-52-54
Abrekova Nadjie Narimanovna, Institute of Bioorganic chemistry Uz AS, Researcher, Department of Pharmacology, E-mail: nanaooooo@mail.ru Turaboev Shukhrat Makhmadalievich, Institute of Bioorganic chemistry UzAS, Researcher, Department of Chemistry of Polysaccharides, E-mail: shuh_fmi@mail.ru Mahmudov Sardor Djalilovich, Institute of Bioorganic chemistry UzAS, Researcher, Department of Chemistry of Polysaccharides, E-mail: s_telecom@mail.ru Mamatmusaeva Nilufar Erkinovna, Institute of Bioorganic chemistry UzAS, PhD, Researcher Department of Chemistry of Polysaccharides, E-mail: erkinova81@mail.ru Sagdullaev Bakhodir Takhirovich, Institute of Bioorganic chemistry UzAS, DSc, Senior Researcher, Department of Chemistry of Polysaccharides,
E-mail: bsagdullaev29@gmail.com
The study of laxative activity of polysaccharides from the fruit of Prunus Domestica L.
Abstract: In the modern society are very popular laxatives, for a constipation treatment and for the prevention of activity of the gastrointestinal tract that stimulates the development of safe and effective herbal medicines.
In the present paper we investigated the laxative activity of various polysaccharide fractions isolated from prunes, individually and in mixture (natural ratio).
During studying experimental constipation on mice for all selected polysaccharide fractions is shown presence of laxative action at dose of 125 and 250 mg/kg, but with a different dose-effect. The studies of laxative activity of the mixture of individually polysaccharide fractions at the natural ratio are shown that the most beneficial effect is observed at a dose of 250 mg/kg.
Keyword: laxatives remedies, constipation, fruits of Prunus domestica L., Polysaccharides.
According to statistical data from constipation is suffering 1015% of the population of countries with high levels of economic development. This problem has long acquired a social character [1]. Also, there is a tendency of use of laxatives as a means for weight loss. For this widely used dietary supplement, teas for weight loss and other product [1, 2].
Currently, there are several types of action of laxatives remedies according to the mechanism: saline laxatives/osmotic action which cause an increase in the volume and dilution of feces; herbal laxatives — irritate the intestinal receptor; preparations, prebiotics, that normalizing intestinal micro flora and natural neutral substances/excipients which absorbs water.
Existing drugs belonging to one ofthe above mentioned the group oflaxatives remedy, showing unilateral therapeutic effect, which stimulates receptors oflarge intestine, increases peristalsis and promote intestinal emptying, or only helps to the softening of fecal masses.
Although the drugs of osmotic actions are inorganic salts which at long reception cause loss of electrolytes from the organism.
In addition, laxatives are based on herbs possess more favorable and harmless effect to the organism.
In search of an effective laxative at the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan was developed a new remedy named Ravonol.
In this research work is presented of the laxative action of different polysaccharides fractions as individually and as mixtures in natural ratio.
Materials and methods: The experiments on the white laboratory mice (n=75) of both genders weighing of 25 ± 2,7 g were performed. Experimental animals contained in conditions ofvivarium. Before setting the experiment the animals were at the quarantine during 14 days.
In order to achieve the state of constipation, during the week before the start of the experiment, feed ration of mice consisted of: dry whole grain, mixed with a food starch and activated charcoal (25mg/mouse for per day); Crackers ofbread; and with free access to water [3].
Studied polysaccharide fractions (1, 2, 3, 4 IVF) in individually and their sum (natural ratio), were introduced intragastrically at doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg.
Control animals received saline. During the next 4 hours we observed the quantity and quality of boluses (solid, soft, liquid).
As a positive control, we used a condensed prunes' extract — 0.5 ml/per mouse, and as reference the herbal drugs Fitolaks (92 mg/kg) and Senadeksin (13 mg/kg) [4; 5].
Results and discussion: Comparative analysis of laxative action of polysaccharides of prunes individually or in admixture showed that each of the selected fractions at the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg has laxative activity (picture 1).
The study of laxative activity of polysaccharides from the fruit of Prunus Domestica L.
Laxative activity of samples was determined by changes in the quantity and quality of fecal bolus (softening of feces).
Most bright laxative activity was shown by fractions — IFP-land IFP-2.However, increasing the dose two-fold from 125 to 250 mg/kg for both samples leads to a reduction laxative activity. When using samples — IFP-1 and 2 at a dose of250 mg/kg boluses of constitute soft 33.3 and 25.4%, while a dose of 125 mg/kg — constitute 43.5% and 64.8%, respectively.
It was indentified that, the lowest activity had both doses of samples ofIFP-3, since 78-79,0% ofboluses offecal were solid. The small number of accounted for soft boluses of — 15,5-16,5%, the remaining amount of liquid. It says, that explore this faction not expedient further.
IFP-4, 250msike IEP- 4-, 125mf/kf IEP 3,250 mg/ kg ŒP- 3 , 125 ms/kg IFP-2, 2 50 mi/kg IFP -2, 125mgAs IEP "1,250^/kg IFP -1, 125ms/is CEP, 0,5 ml'mouss Control
During using IFP-4 fractions with increasing doses twice has not caused change in the character of excrement in mice (the quality and quantity of excrement). At a dose of 125 and 250 mg/kg soft boluses output was 24.2% and 35.8%, respectively. A significant part of boluses were solid which accounted of 60 to 65% and it showed that laxative activity of IFP-4 is weakly expressed.
For the concentrated extract of prunes (CEP) in studied dose (0.5 ml/mouse) 25.5% of total amount of fecal masses was a soft and a hard, and 49.0% was a liquid.
Since the liquid boluses were almost half of the total quantity of excrement, we observed a sharp transition of solid boluses to a liquid state (development of diarrhea).This fact did not favorably impact on the motility, intestinal micro flora and for the whole digestive system.
10 20 30 40 50 SO 70 BO 90 100
■ hard
soft
I liquid
Fig 1. Effect of polysaccharides fractions from prunes on the excretory function of the intestine with experimental constipation on mouse
Thus, it was shown that the selected three fractions of the four have laxative activity depending of applied dose. Most pronounced laxative effect was detected at using fractions IFP-1 and IFP-2 at a dose of 125 mg/kg. The presence in mouse excrements of more than half of the soft bolus after using the IFP-2 fraction, gives a guarantee for use of this fraction as an effective laxative.
After identifying a pronounced laxative effect for the individual fractions of IFP-1 and IFP-2, in order to identifying a possible synergism of activity ofpolysaccharides was studied activity of mixture of these fractions (MFP), taken in their natural ratio. The study of the activity of a mixture of individual fractions of polysaccharides
(MFP), were carried out in contrasting with a condensed plum fruit extract (CEP) and reference preparation Fitolaks.
The results obtained after using MFP and references, ranked by qualitative and quantitative of fecal boluses are shown in picture 2.The weakest laxative activity observed for MFP at dose 125 mg/kg, when an output of boluses were for: hard forms — 14.3%, soft — 85.7% and liquid were not observed.
When using Fitolaks at therapeutic dose (92 mg/kg), the number of soft boluses increases up to half to compared to MFP at dose 125 mg/kg and also the presence of the liquid forms of feces was not observed.
Fig2. Effect of mixture of polysaccharides fractions (MFP) from prunes on the excretory function of the intestine with experimental constipation on mouse
The most favorable softening of feces for the mixture of MFP at a dose of250 mg/kg within 4 hours was observed: hard forms — 66.7%, soft — 30.8% and liquid -only 2.5%.When receiving laxatives important is the fact that a small amount of liquid boluses that occur when using MFP at a dose of 250 mg/kg have not given rise to diarrhea effect.
The reference drug Senadeksin at a dose of13 mg/kg has provided a sharp transition from the state of constipation (62.4% of hard boluses) to diarrheal state (33% liquid boluses).It is an undesirable factor which destabilizing the motility and the intestinal micro flora. Condensed extract (CEP), as in the previous experiments had showed high laxative activity, causing a sharp increase in volume of liquid bolus.
Thus, based on experimental results, found that, the most effective a laxative action have the mixture of individual fractions of polysaccharides (MFP) at dose 250 mg/kg.
Conclusions:
1. Experimentally determined that, all isolated fractions of polysaccharides from prunes have a specific therapeutically action, so they can be used as a basis for creation a laxative remedy.
2. The laxative effect of each of obtained polysaccharides fractions dependent on used dose.
3. It was found, that the most favorable laxative effect has the mixture of individual fractions of polysaccharides (MFP) at dose 250 mg/kg.
References:
1. RF Patent 2189242 from 20.09.2002, at Yakovlev A.A, Piskovets V.A, Sadovnichenko N. V. Means for normalization of bowel function.
2. Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M. Dried Plums and their Products: Composition and Health Effects-An Updated Review//Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, - 2013. - N 53. - P. 1277-1302.
3. Demidova M.A, Savchuk I.A, Shneur S. Y. Evaluation of the extract laminaria japanese dry laxative activity//Modern problems of science and education, - 2011. - N 6.
4. Alonso-Coello P., Guyatt G. H., Heels-Ansdell D., Johanson J. F., Lopez-Yarto M., Mills E., Zhuo Q. Laxatives for the treatment of hemorrhoids//Cochrane Database System Rev., - 2005 - Oct 19; (4): CD004649.
5. Michael C., Woodward Constipation in Older People//Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, Pharmacological Management Issues, - 2002, - V. 32, - N. 1, - P. 37-43.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-16-9.10-54-57
Adilbekova Dilorom Bakhtierovna, assistant professor of Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
E-mail: evovision@bk.ru
A morphological state of vascular tissue structures of the small bowelin the generation born to mothers with chronic toxic hepatitis bin conditions of hepatitiscorrection
Abstract: We studied the processes of early postnatal development of vascular and tissue structures of the liver in infant rats born from mothers with chronic toxic hepatitis in conditions of hepatitis correction in the mother.
Our research data have demonstrated that maternal liver pathology produces a negative effect on postnatal growth, development and formation as well as a morphofunctional state of gastrointestinal tract organs and the liver of the breed. It seems that the reason of the pathomorphologic alterations in the vascular tissue structures of the stomach, small and large intestines and the liver lies, first of all, in deficiency of a plastic, trophic and energy material of the fetus during the fetal period of development due to maternal liver pathology. For these reasons it is necessary to develop substantiated medical and preventive measures aimed at prevention of pathology in children born and fed by mothers with hepatic pathology.
Keywords: Chronic toxic hepatitis, maternal liver, gastrointestinal tract organs.
Introduction. Maternal liver diseases are a reason of fetal pathology and can become a reason of adelay in general development of the new generation and its predisposition to various diseases.
Despite the numerous studies, a problem of toxic lesions of organs and tissues in men and animals remains to be important. It is stipulated, first of all, by a rapid development in the chemical industry, incorrect recycling of chemical wastes, spread of toxicomaniaand drug addiction [1; 2].
A wide use of pesticides and other toxic chemicals have caused negative shifts not only on the environment, but also became a reason of occurrence of acute and chronic toxic poisoning, substantial functional and structural shifts in the internal organs [3].
We studied the processes of early postnatal development ofvas-cular and tissue structures of the liver in infant rats born from moth-
ers with chronic toxic hepatitis in conditions of hepatitis correction in the mother — that was the aim of our research.
Materials and methods. The model of chronic heliotrine hepatitis in female rats was reproduced weekly with an injection of heliotrine in a dose of 0.5 mg per 100 gr of mass during 6 weeks. The animals were divided into two groupsafter the last injection as follows: the first group included rats with chronic toxic hepatitisand the second one comprised rats with chronic toxic hepatitis, which were given essentiale forte and carsilfor for 30 days. Male ratswere placedto themon treatment completion. Male ratswere placed to females of the first group 10 days after the last injection. The generation of rats was studied on 3, 7, 21, 30 and 120days after birth.
Pieces of a tissue were taken from the liver of infant rats on the3rd 7th 21st and 30thday of postnatal developmentand they were
