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2018.03.005. MUSLIMAT MAGOMEDOVA. MANIFESTATIONS OF RELIGIOUS-POLITICAL EXTREMISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF DAGHESTAN AND COUNTERMEASURES // "Vlast," Moscow, 2017, № 12, P. 171-177.
Keywords: religious and political extremism, the Republic of Daghestan, opposition, Islam, ideology.
Muslimat Magomedova,
PhD(Philosophy), Senior Research Associate, Regional Center for Ethnopolitical Research, Daghestan Scientific Center, RAS
The author examines the causes of religious and political extremism in Daghestan, analyzes the factors of the growth of social tension that causes protest mood of the population.
The author notes that the manifestation of religious and political extremism is typical for the North Caucasus over the past two decades. The region is one of the most difficult in Russia, as there is a growing influence of the religious factor on ethnopolitical processes and the general growth of social tension.
The confessional factor has always played and is now playing a big role in public life of Daghestan, but extremism based on religion is more often associated with politics and nationalism. The danger of spreading religious and political extremism in the territory of Daghestan is that young people (making up 30,3% of the population) are most vulnerable to this trend.
The author, based on a survey of experts, dealing with the problems of ideological confrontation between extremism and terrorism, identifies the following problems among modern Daghestan societies: corruption; absence of social elevators; stratification of society in terms of material well-being; decrease in the level of education; violation of an individual's rights; religious fanaticism that engenders religious extremism and terrorism; the worsening of the social and economic situation; intra-confessional contradictions; the strengthening of the role of religion in public
life (clericalism); ineffective management; lack of social justice; organized crime; impunity of officials; lack of channels for the will of citizens; inefficient judicial system; religious extremism; low levels of education and health care.
A number of factors of social tension in the republic were also revealed: the problem of unemployment, its growth in recent years and outflow of citizens from the republic, including in search of work.
As for the level of the terrorist threat, the author of the article notes that there has been an increase in the activity of armed bandit formations in the south of Daghestan since the beginning of 2017. The regime of the counter-terrorist operation (CTO) is periodically introduced in various regions of the republic.
The author draws attention to the influence of the Islamic state on the North Caucasus in the framework of this study. The author cites statistical data for 2017 on the inhabitants of the North Caucasus, who are fighting for ISIS in Syria, and among which 1,2 thousand people come from Daghestan (the total number is 2 thousand people). There is a danger that these people can be a serious threat to the country's national security upon returning home.
Speaking about the reasons for the spread of religious and political extremism in the North Caucasus, the author calls such factors as the clan system of governing the republic, the criminalization of power, an ineffective judicial system, the recruitment of youth into extremist groups by means of information technologies, and intra-confessional conflicts. All this is exacerbated by the lack of appropriate information policies by the Spiritual Administration of Muslims and state bodies, a harmonious and consistent national policy closely linked with the strategy of national and spiritual development of the peoples of Daghestan; lack of confidence in the bodies of state power and law enforcement structures among citizens. Problems and gaps in the activities of the authorities are used by supporters of Salafism for their own purposes, for raising the protest mood among the population.
In addition to the internal causes of the spread of religious and political extremism, the author of the article points to external factors, namely: the actions of various emissaries, outside funding, the work of missionaries and compatriots who arrived in the Republic of Daghestan in the early 1990s, Internet resources, the influence of external destructive forces (Saudi Arabia, Qatar) The reasons for radicalization lie in the misinterpreted, simplified interpretation of Islam as well.
According to the results of the study on determining the effectiveness of countering extremism among law enforcement bodies of Daghestan, the most effective is the FSB bodies, then the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Internal Affairs for countering extremism in the Republic of Daghestan, and the bodies of the Federal Migration Service and the bodies of the Prosecutor Office are in the last places.
The author points out that the state is fighting terrorists, not the reasons for their appearance and the goals they pursue. The ideological counteraction to extremism is reduced to ineffective and formalized measures in the republic. Based on the study, the author claims that representatives of the clergy of the republic have an ambiguous role in ideological counteraction to extremism. On the one hand, religious figures hold medjlises with the participation of prominent religious scholars of the republic, as well as international conferences with the participation of famous world Islamic scholars; the "As-Salam" newspaper is being published, television programs on religious topics are being conducted. On the other hand, the contradictions within traditional Islam cause discontent in Daghestan society. Spiritual leaders of traditional Islam are inferior in public debate to representatives of the unconventional current.
Despite some successful campaigns and actions to counter the ideology and practice of extremism and terrorism, the regional system of such resistance has not developed in the republic.
The author suggests the following measures to overcome extremism and, as a result, terrorism in the republic: to carry out
reforms in the economic and political spheres; to overcome ugly forms of corruption; to work with young people in educational institutions, mosques, broadcast television programs of antiterrorist orientation, improve legislation, explain more actively the insolvency, social harm and the criminal nature of ideologies, programs and actions that encompass hatred towards people of other races, nationalities, faiths and social groups.
Author of the abstract- Elena Dmitrieva
2018.03.006. ZENFIRA RUSTAMOVA. AZERBAIJAN - IRAN: SOME IMPORTANT STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF BILATERAL RELATIONS / / "Sotrudnichestvo Rossii i Irana v politicheskoj, ehkonomicheskoj i kulturnoj oblastyazh kak faktor ukrepleniya mira i bezopasnosti v Evrazii: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskaya konferenuiya. 19 oktyabrya 2016," Moscow, FSBEI of HE, MSLU, 2017, P. 110-116.
Keywords: Azerbaijan, Iran, bilateral relations, Heydar Aliyev, Ilham Aliyev, Vladimir Putin, Hasan Roukhani, political and economic cooperation, cooperation in the field of culture and tourism.
Zenfira Rustamova,
Dr.Sc.(Philology), Professor, Baku Slavic University, Azerbaijan
On August 8, 2016, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev said in his welcoming speech at the first historical meeting of the heads of the three States, Russia, Azerbaijan and Iran in Baku that our peoples living side by side for centuries were united by common history and geography, and close ties of friendship connected Azerbaijan with both Iran and Russia. These relations have reached the level of strategic partnership in recent years. Iran, Russia and Azerbaijan successfully cooperated in the framework of international organizations. Azerbaijan was against the
