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The author concludes that the opposition to the ideology of extremism consists of a complex of organizational, socio-political, awareness-raising measures to prevent the spread of opinion in society, ideas, reasons, aimed at a radical change of the existing social and political institutions of the state.
The author of the abstract - N. Ginesina
2016.12.004. A. ZARIPOV. RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN ISLAM IN THE WORKS OF TATAR SCHOLARS // "The 2nd Bigiyev Readings - 2015. The Muslim thought in the 21st century: the unity of tradition and renovation: The materials of the 2nd International Scientific - Educational Conference, St. Petersburg, 17-20 May 2015", Moscow, 2016. P. 159-168.
Key words: theme of women in Islam, crisis of the family institution, depreciation of the family and spiritual and moral values.
A. Zaripov,
graduate student of the department of history
of social thought and Islamic Studies
in the Institute of History named after Sh. Marjani,
Academy of Sciences of the Republic
of Tatarstan, educator in the IT-lyceum
of the Kazan (Volga) Federal University
The author believes that the relevance of referring to the theme of women is caused by negative developments in Russian society today, which is undergoing the crisis of the family institution, the depreciation of family, spiritual and moral values.
It is impossible to overcome these tendencies without using the potential and historical experience of different faiths and peoples. The theme of women in Islam is relevant at all times
and therefore the aim of this work is to study the image of the present Tatar woman of a Muslim.
The thesis of the lack of rights of women in Islam is perceived as an axiom, though it is far from the truth and comes from misperceptions of Muslim traditions and values by Europeans. It is forgotten that women were placed in a subordinate position to men until recently in Western civilization. The image of a Tatar woman is usually associated with the so-called purdah, existing in a subordinate position in her family and having limited social rights. The belonging of the Tatars to the Islamic world has contributed to the consolidation of the stereotype in the public mind to a great extent.
The theme of women in the Tatar literature was further developed in the national journalism. The author notes that the social and creative activity of Muslim intellectuals led the theme of women in a number of pressing social problems of the Muslim world, demanding immediate solution.
The author writes that Moses Bigiyev believed that Islam could be proud of deference and respect for a woman, having a number of advantages compared to other religious systems.
R. Fahretdin and Z. Kamali paid close attention to the benefits that Islam gave women in comparison with other religious laws and regulations in the era of Jahiliyyah (ignorance). Islam abolished in a number of inhuman rules and customs, gave women the right to divorce under certain circumstances, which is not found in other religious systems. Thus, the intellectuals believed that Islam, has reformed the family and marriage relations, improving their legal and ethical framework.
Muhammad Al-Nazhip Tuntari listed the rights of women, established by the Islamic religion:
1. Equality of rights - a man and woman are equal.
2. The right to obtain knowledge. Men and women are equal, and the acquisition of knowledge is an obligation, from the point of view of the Islamic religion. In ancient times, there were
many women among scientists, even those who were muftis and issue fatwas, taught various Islamic disciplines.
3. Cultural law. Here women and men are equal, too. A woman can engage in trade, give gifts, pay waqf without the permission of her husband. She has the right to dispose of the selection means.
4. The right to participate in public life, women can participate in important public affairs, they can express their opinion. Shariah has allowed women to participate in public and political affairs.
5. The right of participation of women in wars and battles. Even if it is not necessary for women, but in the early centuries of Islam, many women took part in the wars.
6. The right to choose a spouse.
7. The right to give divorce belongs to a man, but a man and woman have the same right to divorce in displaced situations.
8. Polygamy.
9. The right to inheritance and testimony. Muhammad Al-Nazhip Tuntari said that a man had has the ability to lead. Leadership involved the ability to manage the house, to manage resources, the ability to lead the family business. In conclusion, Muhammad Al-Nazhip Tuntari warned about the non-fulfillment of the duties of men. If men did not follow the duties assigned to them, then women would not comply with their obligations, and would be forced to perform the duties of men, which contradicts their natural essence.
The author concludes that each of these Muslim intellectuals examined a number of issues, among which are the following:
1. The contribution of Islam in changing attitudes towards women.
2. Problems of the hijab, the inequality in inheritance laws and testimony in court.
3. The essence of female nature.
4. Problems of the relationship of husband to wife. Polygamy and talaq (divorce).
5. The moral qualities of wife and her responsibilities.
The author of the abstract - N. Ginesina
2016.12.005. D. MUKHETDINOV. THE PROBLEM OF THE ISLAMIC DISCOURSE MARGINALIZATION // "II Faizhanovskie readings. Islam in the Ryazan Region: Past, Present and Future." Materials of the 11 All-Russian scientific-practical conf., Ryazan, April 14. 2015 - Moscow, 2016. - P. 10-13.
Keywords: Islamic discourse, marginalization, Islamophobia, the intellectual elite, Europe, Russia, mass-media, radicalism.
D. Mukhetdinov,
Ph. Sc. (Politics), Institute of Asia and Africa
at the Moscow State University,
the First Deputy Chairman
of the Spiritual Directorate of Moslems of the RF
Today's media and social situation in Europe is characterized by marginalization of the Islamic discourse, - said author. Marginalization means removal of the Moslem thought to the periphery of intellectual space. Such a situation is relevant for the secular states where Islam is not related to the state ideology and Moslems are a minority. Marginalization manifests itself in the following: first, creation of a negative image of Islam, support of Islamophobia (Islam is sometimes just ignored as a subject of no interest); second, Moslems are not involved in the intellectual elite activities connected with generation of meanings; third, the Islamic discourse receives no representation at the grassroots level, it is not integrated in the actual agenda.
Islamophobia has become a real problem of the Western media after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the conflict in the Middle East and a number of scandals with cartoons. Since
