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18ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
FEATURES OF INTERPRETATION OF THE TRADITIONAL LIFE OF THE PEOPLES OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE MODERN HOUSING Sarzhanov N.Zh.J, Samoilov K.I.2
1Sarzhanov Niyaz Zhasulanovich - Tutor;
2Samoilov Konstantin Ivanovich - Professor, DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, KAZAKH NATIONAL RESEARCH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER K.I. SATPAYEV, ALMATY, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: the connection of living space with a person, with the nature of his activity and rest is a deeply studied topic. However, the design of modern residential buildings and apartments is limited by the general comfort requirements for housing. At the same time, an unfavorable living environment is created that does not take into account the needs of residents, namely the ethnic characteristics of life and cultural values.
Keywords: modern housing, lifestyle, architecture and traditions.
UDC 721 (574)
Historically, a dwelling is a reflection of the worldview of the people living in it, their cultural values, lifestyle, the nature of leisure activities and much more. Speaking about cultural values, it is necessary to clearly realize the importance of certain rituals, ceremonies in the life of specific people of various ethnic groups. But in the modern globalized world, when the borders of various cultures are becoming more and more blurred, the concept of traditionality is replaced by the concept of universality and internationality. This trend is highly debatable, since the needs of people from different regions of the world are completely different from each other, as well as an understanding of the comfort of a residential environment. Therefore, the design of housing should be based on a specific social order [1], which includes all national, regional characteristics of residents.
In the Republic of Kazakhstan with its multinational population, the formulation of a common social order based on the ethnic characteristics of people, their key needs in everyday life is a difficult task. However, the ongoing research on the formation of a modern ethnic group in Kazakhstan allows us to talk about the transformation of the peoples living in the republic into a new ethnic group, with common cultural values [6].
Currently, in Kazakhstan, the traditions of the Kazakh people associated with hospitality and family have found the most vivid contemporary expression in the architecture of the home. First of all, it is necessary to note the role of the guest in Kazakh customs. Many proverbs and sayings speak of the importance of the guest, of respect and honor to the person who comes to the house [2, 3, 4]. Such an attitude was reflected in the planning of wintering and residential buildings in Western Kazakhstan, and even the functional zoning of the yurt provides maximum comfort for the guest [5].
In modern residential buildings and apartments, this cult took on a material form in the form of layouts with large entrance groups of rooms, a hall-hall and the presence of a recreation room (guest). Another Kazakh tradition that has influenced modern housing in Kazakhstan is the unity of the family around the hearth, the meeting of all living in a single space. This custom has influenced the appearance in modern layouts of a common room connected with the kitchen and dining room, and as a rule it is the central hall in houses and apartments. With a small area of housing, the function of the common room is performed by the living or dining room.
The peculiarity of the life of the Russian people also had a significant impact on the formation of the architecture of modern housing in Kazakhstan. Of the variety of distinctive features of Russian culture, it is worth noting the specifics of housekeeping and national
cuisine, namely the preparation of food for the winter, its canning and salting. In residential buildings, this feature of life was expressed in the design of large storage facilities, pantries and unheated food storage areas.
In modern residential buildings and apartments under construction in Kazakhstan, the traditional planning decisions of Russian dwellings are reflected in the organization of the kitchen and summer unheated rooms. For example, most balconies and loggias adjacent to kitchens are usually used to store pickles and other canning products. Also, there are layout options with increased kitchen space, with the subsequent organization of food storage, cooking and eating areas.
In addition to the peculiarities of the cultures of the Kazakh and Russian peoples, the tea tradition, widespread among the ethnic groups of Central Asia, had a significant impact on the formation of the architecture of modern housing in Kazakhstan.
The national ritual of drinking tea on the terrace ("aivan"), these days, is reflected in the form of layouts with large shaded summer rooms, direct connection of the kitchen with the garden, the presence of a tea room. It is also worth noting that the frequency of this ritual during the day influenced the combination of the dining room with a common room or with a separate recreation area. So, for example, the dining area in modern apartments is designed taking into account the long stay of people, as a result, you can observe the organization of space with a recreation area equipped with upholstered furniture and video devices.
Undoubtedly, the architecture of the modern dwelling in Kazakhstan was influenced by the cultures of many peoples living in it, including Koreans, Germans, Dungans, Arabs and others, and for a complete understanding of the specifics of the formation of the architecture of the dwelling in the country, an analysis of the cultural characteristics of ethnic groups and their impact on architecture is needed traditional home.
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