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8of people who use drugs, guaranteeing them dignified treatment, protection from stigmatization and equal access to health care and social assistance should be respected.
However, there are also obstacles in the fight against drug trafficking. For example, at its 20th session, the UN General Assembly acknowledged that the use of the Internet presents an additional obstacle to tackling drug abuse [10].
Based on the above, a comprehensive approach is needed to address the problem. In this regard, measures to detect illicit proceeds and financial flows that encourage drug trafficking, strict regulation and oversight of cryptocurrency markets, and monitoring of electronic payments to identify suspicious transactions and notify competent authorities are also appropriate. And the effectiveness of approaches depends on all jurisdictions adopting and enforcing the same regulatory framework, and governments setting the same rules for all.
Thus, we can see that UNODC has lofty goals because its work aims to ensure stability and security in the world The solution to the drug problem requires concerted action by states themselves and a conscious attitude on the part of each individual. If these conditions are fulfilled, the battle against the poison that empoisons bodies and destinies will surely be won.
Reference bibliographic list:
1. Zolotov A. Y. Drugs: A Historical Retrospective (in russ) // The Economics of Education. - 2013. - №1. - P. 174-177.
2. Encyclopedia "Krugosvet". (in russ) [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/medicina/NARKOTIK.html. Access date: 22.11.2022.
3. Official website of the United Nations. UNODC world drug report 2022 booklet 1. [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/wdr-2021_booklet-1.html. Access date: 22.11.2022.
4. Official website of the United Nations. UNODC world drug report 2022 booklet 2. [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.unodc.org/res/wdr2022/MS/WDR22_Booklet_2.pdf. Access date: 22.11.2022.
5. Official website of the United Nations. UNODC world drug report 2019. [Electronic resource] URL: https://wdr.unodc.org/wdr2019/prelaunch/WDR2019_B1_R.pdf. Access date: 22.11.2022.
6. Official website of the United Nations. UNODC world drug report 2021. [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.unodc.org/res/wdr2021/field/V2104297_russian.pdf. Access date: 22.11.2022.
7. Official website of the United Nations. UNODC world drug report 2010. [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr/WDR_2010/World_Drug_Report_2010_rus_web.pdf. Access date: 22.11.2022.
8. Official website of the United Nations. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1961_ru.pdf. Access date: 22.11.2022.
9. UNDOC Strategy 2021-2025 // [electronic resource] https://www.unodc.org/documents/Advocacy-Section/UNODC-Strategy-WEB.pdf. Access date: 22.11.2022.
10. Tsirina M. A. Dissemination of pro-drug information on the Internet: countermeasures (in russ) // Journal of Russian Law. -2012. - № 4. - P. 44-50.
Куртумерова Л.А.
студентка 3 курса бакалавриата Крымский филиал ФГБОУВО «РГУП»
Научный руководитель: Эмирильясова С.С., к.пед.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков Крымского филиала ФГБОУВО ««РГУП»»
ЗАЩИТА ПРАВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА В УСЛОВИЯХ ОБОРОТА НАРКОТИКОВ. ОПЫТ ГАНЫ
Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются основные аспекты защиты прав человека в контексте незаконного оборота наркотиков, совместной работы правительства и народа Ганы в интересах устойчивого экономического и социального развития, мира и прав человека. Особое внимание уделяется борьбе с наркотиками, а также обеспечению розыска, изъятия наркотиков и арестов. Главной целью наркополитики должно быть улучшение здоровья людей за счет сокращения употребления наркотиков. Пример Ганы показывает, что гражданское общество и правительство могут вести диалог для пересмотра приоритетов наших стран и содействия устойчивому развитию. Следует поощрять правительства других западноафриканских стран к демонстрации политической воли пойти по стопам Ганы и сделать все, что в их силах, чтобы разорвать порочный круг бедности, уязвимости и криминализации.
Ключевые слова: защита прав человека, незаконный оборот наркотиков, национальное законодательство, Управление ООН по наркотикам и преступности, НАКОБ, обеспечение соблюдения законов о наркотиках, обеспечение соблюдения законов о наркотиках в стране, защита прав человека.
PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DRUG TRAFFIC. GHANA
EXPERIENCE
Abstract: The article examines the main aspects of human rights protection in the context of drug trafficking, the Government and the people of Ghana are working together in the interests of sustainable economic and social development, peace and human rights. Special attention is paid to the fight against drugs, as well as to ensuring the search, seizure of drugs and arrests. The main goal of drug policy should be to improve people's health by reducing drug use. The example of Ghana shows that civil society and Government can engage in dialogue to review the priorities of our countries and promote sustainable development. The Governments of other West African countries
should be encouraged to demonstrate the political will to follow in Ghana's footsteps and do everything in their power to break the vicious cycle of poverty, vulnerability and criminalization
Keywords: Human rights protection, drug trafficking, national legislation, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, NACOB, drug law enforcement, drug law enforcement in the country, protection of human rights.
Drug trafficking began in the 1950s and early 1960s, which led to a rapid increase in their distribution in West Africa. Demand in the United States and Europe, namely for cocaine, cannabis and other drugs, was growing rapidly.
This led to the development of two different trade routes, both of which passed through West Africa. One of the routes was the export of domestically produced cannabis from West Africa to South Africa, Europe and Asia. Another trade route brought cocaine from Latin America and heroin from Afghanistan and Southeast Asia to Europe and the United States.
In Ghana itself, there is no extensive or popular knowledge about the drug industry and intercepted drugs due to the activities of the industry and involvement in the underground economy. The social context in which drug trafficking, storage, transportation and repackaging systems exist in Ghana, and the location of the State along the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean - just a few degrees north of the Equator - makes Ghana an attractive country for drug trafficking
International pressure and prioritization by regional Governments have contributed to the growth of drug control organizations in many West African countries, shifting the focus of political, economic and social actions within the country
The Republic of Ghana is one of the largest cannabis producers in West Africa. It is worth noting that Ghana was first exposed to cannabis through Ghanaian soldiers who came into contact with this substance in South Asia during World War II. Ghana is currently the second largest cannabis producer in West Africa and the third in the world.
Initially, drugs were smuggled in small quantities; but over time, the demand for drugs continued to grow, and large quantities of cocaine were entrusted to West African countries, in particular Nigeria, Ghana and Guinea-Bissau.
Since then, West Africa has become a key component of the global drug trade due to the increase in both the diversity and quantity of drugs transported through West Africa, as well as the expansion of drug trafficking from West Africa to other parts of the continent
The United Nations has been present in Ghana since the early 1960s and works together with the Government and people of Ghana for sustainable economic and social development, peace and human rights.
The Drug Control Committee is the main national anti-drug body and works to ensure the search, seizure of drugs and arrests. The Ghana Agency, located under the Ministry of the Interior, develops and enforces drug laws in the country. The committee's work is aimed at preventing the use, import and export of drugs [1].
Taking into account, the committee regularly conducts inspections at various points of entry into the country, especially at airports and seaports. We have decided on regular inspections that are carried out on ships and passengers at airports as a security check. During these inspections, if any suspicious narcotic drugs are found, the committee confiscates them and conducts tests to determine what kind of substance it is.
The Drug Control Committee in Ghana takes three main measures: the first is to enforce and monitor drug control laws in the country; the second is to educate and prevent drug use; and finally, the third is the treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration of drug addicts.
According to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, which was adopted in 1961 at the United Nations Conference, participating countries should take internal measures to coordinate preventive and repressive measures against drug trafficking [2].
Among its main stages we can distinguish:
In 2018, the United Nations in Ghana and the Government
Ghana launched the United Nations Partnership for Sustainable Development.
Second. In 2018, the Government of Ghana and the United Nations in Ghana jointly signed the UN Partnership for Sustainable Development for two thousand eighteen two Thousand Twenty-two years [3].
In 2020, the Ghanaian Parliament passed the Drug Control Commission Act. Under the new law, many people have been jailed for possession of one or two rolls of marijuana or any other drug, but the criminal market has not been eradicated. Therefore, the main goal of drug policy "should be to improve people's health by reducing drug use.
In 2019, the World Health Organization's Committee of Experts on Drug Addiction presented the results of a detailed review of the evidence related to cannabis.
One of the recommendations concerns the exclusion of cannabis from the 1961 UN Convention on Narcotic Drugs, which confirms that the drug has significant therapeutic benefits for the treatment of pain and other diseases.
The example of Ghana shows that civil society and Government can engage in dialogue to review the priorities of our countries and promote sustainable development [4].
Ghana established diplomatic relations with the United States in 1957, the year of independence. Since then, Ghana has been an example for African countries in promoting good governance and ensuring regional stability. The United States and Ghana are working together on various defense and law enforcement cooperation issues
Reiterating that the work of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime of UNODC is guided by a number of different international legal instruments, such as the three drug control conventions, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols, the United Nations Convention against Corruption, United Nations standards and norms, and criminal justice, as well as 19 universal legal instruments on combating terrorism [5].
Reference bibliographic list:
1. The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 (as amended in 1972) [Электронный ресурс] URL:https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/single-convention.html
2. United Nations adopted on 24 October 1945, ratified by Great Britain, China, the Soviet Union, the United States, France [Электронный ресурс] URL:https://www.un.org/ru/
3. The Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/psychotropics.html
4. The United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/illicit-trafficking.html
5. The Commission on Narcotic Drugs [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/commissions/CND/
