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3Nabiev B.N. lecturer
department of genetics, breeding and seed production of agricultural Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agricultural Technologies
Crops
Uzbekistan, Andijan
YIELD OF CERTAIN VARIETIES OF COTTON AND THE INFLUENCE ON ITS INCREASING
Annotatsion: The character management of wild, ruderal and cultivated tropical diverse plants found in nature is particularly dependent on genetic information. The variability that occurs during the growing season of a plant depends on external environmental factors. There fore, it is assumed that artificial selection by humans has led to progress in the evolutionary process. The consumption of cotton fiber is one of the main valuable economic characteristics of the plant.
Key words: cotton, cocoon, seed, fiber index, shape, fiber yield, variability, heredity, crossing, generation, column, hybrid, heterosis, recombinant.
It is known that cotton varieties differ from each other in morphological and biological characteristics. It should be noted that each variety created today is distinguished by its unique characteristics and features. Accordingly, increasing the efficiency of agriculture requires all the attention and knowledge to solve the tasks that ensure the fastest and greatest productivity. In particular, a more thorough study of cotton growing, in particular, increasing the variety of varieties is one of the most pressing issues. Therefore, to date, it is important for genetic, selection scientists to create varieties that are fast-ripening, high-yield, high-quality fiber, resistant to disease and pests, but some varieties are very diverse genotypically and phenotypically. does not bear fruit. This is because these varieties do not have a certain balance in terms of characters. This, in turn, leads to a sharp decline in the yield and quality of cotton varieties over time.
Many of the characteristics of cotton that are valuable to the economy have a complex structure, the complexity of which depends on a number of structural indicators. For example, one of the main factors is the yield of a bush, the weight of a cotton stalk, the weight of 1000 seeds, fiber yield and many other quality indicators. depends on the weight of the cotton in the bowl, the number of bowls, the number and weight of seeds in each bowl, the fiber index. All these structural indicators, which determine the main essence of economic traits, are also hereditary traits.
The productivity of the cotton plant, which is one of the main economic characteristics, depends on the number of fruit elements formed in the plants, according to A.A. Borodulina.
Based on the above considerations, in our scientific research, complex traits that are valuable to the economy have been broken down into constituent elements and their heredity has been studied. While analyzing the yield elements, we made it our main task to study and analyze the yield weight obtained from a single plant. It should be noted that the yield depends on the variety and is in dire need of intensive agro-technical measures.
Table 1
Statistical analysis of yield per plant in varieties (September 30, 2017)_
№ HHaB Ba TH3Ma.nap YCHM^HK COHH * ± S * Lim V %
11 AHAH^OH-35 107 46,1±2,22 31,7-81,2 30,71
22 CypxoH-9 169 47,5±2,41 29,9-72,8 28,07
33 CynTOH 138 57,7±1,21 32-81,6 19,18
During our research, we studied the yield of varieties and ridges on the basis of analysis of each plant account (harvested on September 30 each year). At the same time, the differences between the yield of each biotype in terms of variety and yield of ridges are clearly visible. According to 2017 data, 46.1 g in the Andijan-35 variety, 47.5 g in the Surkhan-9 variety, 57.7 g in the promising Sultan variety, the average yield per bush, the highest coefficient of variation between varieties and ridges in the Andijan-35 variety It was observed that 30.71% showed the result (Table 1).
The results of our research in Andijan-35 in 2017 showed that the yield of a single group of plants was between 36.1-54.3 g, the coefficient of variation was 25.0-32.22%.
Intergroups ranged from 68.2-109.0 g. In 2017, the highest result was 54.3 g for group 1, while in 2018 this figure was 109.0 g for group 5. Both 2017-2018 showed a result of 36.1-68.2 g lower than the biotype allocations of the 7th compound group (Table 3.1.2).
In 2017, the yield of a single plant in the Surkhan-9 variety was 41.8-68.4 g. The coefficient of variation was 19.95-25.96%. The results of 2017 showed that this indicator was 52.2-90.5 g between groups, and the coefficient of variation was 27.38-62.21%. Group 4 showed the highest performance in 2018 with a result of 68.4 g, while Group 6 was recorded in 2018 with a result of 90.5 g. The lowest figure was found to be 41.8 g in Group 7 in 2017 and 52.2 g in Group 3 in 2014.
In the prospective Sultan variety, the results of 2017 were 50.1-59.0 g between groups, the coefficient of variation was 14.82-22.08%, and in 2018
these indicators were 65.1-102.0 g between groups, the coefficient of variation was 49, 84-63.23%. In both years, the highest result on a single plant yield was recorded in group 4, 6 in 2017 (58.8-59.0 g) and 2018 (80.4-102.0 g).
It is positive that this sign is increasing year by year, and it is natural that the limit level is high when the yield is calculated per plant.
Hence, the yield depends not only on the heredity of the variety and the high potential of the hybrid offspring formed on the basis of interbreeding of genetically close populations, but also on agrotechnical measures.
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