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DeAgamis2: ВТОРОЙ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СИМПОЗИУМ ПО АГАМОВЫМ ЯЩЕРИЦАМ
Lake (B1) and those in the north of Kuku-noor Lake (B2). AMOVA showed that these five groups were distinctly different (P < 0.01), with 88.63% of the total genetic diversity being attributable to variation among groups. There might be recent population expansion in A1 and A2, which corresponded to the dry climate of the last interglacial period. The expansion times were estimated at about 0.189 - 0.105 Ma and 0.102 - 0.057 Ma, respectively. Molecular clock estimation indicated that Clade A and Clade B diverged at ca. 4.29 - 2.38 Ma, which fell within the timeframe of the A phase of Qingzang Movement.
The divergence between B1 and B2 at ca. 1.73 -0.96 Ma may be caused by the geological event in Huangshui valley. In early Pleistocene, populations in B1 may have strong gene flow because of geographic linkage, following with a few extinct haplo-types related to the uplift of Tibetan Plateau and the change of Yellow River route. The divergence triggered by A'nyemaqen Mountains between A1 and A2 was estimated at ca. 0.66 - 0.37 Ma, which may occurred at ca. 0.7 Ma glaciations.
Key words: Phrynocephalus vlangalii complex, mtDNA ND4, phylogeography.
WEST AFRICAN AGAMAS: SYSTEMATICS, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION,
ECOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY O. Mediannikov 1, S. Trape 2, Y. Mane 3, and J.-F. Trape 4
1 Unite des Rickettsies, UMR URMITE, Faculté de Medecine 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France E-mail: olegusss1@gmail.com 2 UMR ECOLAG, University Montpellier 2 cc 093, place Eugene Bataillon, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France E-mail: sebastien_trape@yahoo.fr 3 Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), UMR URMITE, B.P.
1386, Dakar, Senegal E-mail: maney@ird.sn 4 Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) B.P. 1386, Dakar, Senegal E-mail: trape@ird.sn
Few published data are available on West African Agamid lizards. From 2003 to 2009, we have collected 1,020 specimens from 11 countries (Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Guinea, Liberia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria) and investigated their systematics, geographic distribution, ecology and phylogeny. For molecular studies, we have used two separate portions of mitogenome, coding for 16S rRNA and for cytochrome B. DNA from 100 mg of homogenized muscular tissue conserved in ethanol, was extracted using the QIAGEN BioRobot MDx Workstation with customized extraction protocol and stored at 4°C until use in PCR amplifications. Primers were manufactured by Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium. Polymerase chain reactions were performed in automated DNA thermal cyclers. PCR products were visualized by electrophoresis on a 1.5% agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide and examined using an ultraviolet transilluminator. The PCR products were purified using a QIAquick Spin PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Sequencing of amplicons was performed
using the BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit with ABI automated sequencer. Obtained sequences were assembled, edited by BioEdit Sequence alignment editor v. 7.0.9.0 and compared with those available in GenBank by NCBI BLAST. Sequences of both mitochondrial genes from studied lizards were concatenated and aligned with CLUSTAL W program, and a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was constructed with Geneious 4.7.6 software.
Fourteen different species were recognized in the genus Agama in West Africa, excluding the easternmost part of Nigeria near the Cameroon border which was not included in our study: Agama africana, A. agama, A. boueti, A. boulengeri, A. cas-troviejoi, A. cristata, A. doriae benueensis, A. gra-cilimembris, A. insularis, A. paragama, A. sanka-ranica, A. weidholzi, and two undescribed species. According to biogeographic areas, four species were Sahelian, seven species were Sudanian, two species were Guinean, and one species was ubiquitous.
Key words: agama, systematics, geographic distribution, ecology and phylogeny, West Africa.
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