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Поскольку ископаемое топливо является одним из самых больших загрязнителей на планете, растет спрос на нетрадиционные источники. Эти источники не только провоцируют парниковый эффект, но и снижают зависимость от нефти и газа. Поэтому, чтобы удовлетворить потребности растущего населения в энергии, ученые разрабатывают для нас методы использования различных нетрадиционных источников энергии, которые не только возобновляемы, но и не загрязняют окружающую среду.
Список использованной литературы:
1. Абук Магомедов. Нетрадиционные возобновляемые источники энергии. Махачкала: Издательско-полиграфическое объединение "Юпитер", 1996. - 245с.
2. Твайделл Дж., Уэйр А. Возобновляемые источники энергии: Пер. с англ. - М. Энергоатомиздат. 1990. - 392с.
3. Сичкарев В.И. Волновые энергетические станции в океане / В.И. Сичкарев, В.А. Акуличев. - М.: Наука, 1989. - 132 с.
4. Бернштейн Л.Б. Приливные электростанции в современной энергетике/ Л.Б. Бернштейн и др.; Под ред.Л.Б. Бернштейна. - М.:, 1961. - 256 с.
©Дурдыев С., Нурлыев Б., Худайбергенова Г., 2023
УДК 628.04
Оразмырадова Улкер
Студент,
Международный университет гуманитарных наук и развития
г. Ашгабад, Туркменистан
ПУТИ СНИЖЕНИЯ ВРЕДНОГО ВЛИЯНИЯ НА ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ ПУТЕМ СБОРА, ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ
И ПОВТОРНОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ОТХОДОВ
Аннотация
В данной работе рассматривается вопрос особенностей развития методик по сбору, переработки и повторного использования отходов и их влияние на развитие общества. Проведен перекрестный и сравнительный анализ влияния различных факторов на рост эффективности в экологии по средством внедрения технологий.
Ключевые слова Анализ, метод, оценка, экология, технологии.
Orazmyradova Ulker
Student,
International University for the Humanities and Development
Ashgabad, Turkmenistan
WAYS TO REDUCE THE HARMFUL IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT BY WASTE COLLECTION,
RECYCLING AND REUSE
Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of the features of the development of methods for the collection,
НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «CETERIS PARIBUS»
ISSN (p) 2411-717X / ISSN (e) 2712-9470
№1 / 2023
processing and reuse of waste and their impact on the development of society. A cross-sectional and comparative analysis of the influence of various factors on the growth of efficiency in ecology through the introduction of technologies has been carried out.
Keywords
Analysis, method, evaluation, ecology, technology.
Waste processing is an activity that consists in waste management in order to ensure their reuse in the national economy and obtain raw materials, energy, products and materials.
It is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional waste disposal. Allows you to reduce the amount of resources used, as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Recycling can prevent the disposal of potentially useful materials and reduce the consumption of primary raw materials, thereby reducing energy consumption, air pollution (from incineration), water pollution, soil pollution (from landfilling).
According to the generally accepted hierarchy of responsible consumption and waste management, the principle of reducing waste generation is ranked first, then recycling and recycling, and then incineration. The landfill method is considered the least preferred option.
Waste recycling should be distinguished from disposal. The purpose of recycling is to turn waste into secondary raw materials [o], energy [o] or products with certain consumer properties.
Waste recycling may or may not include their treatment - activities aimed at changing the physical, chemical or biological state of waste to ensure subsequent waste management. Many materials recovered from waste are processed, including glass, paper, aluminum, asphalt, iron, fabrics, various types of plastic and organic waste (sources of numerous harmful substances and even bacteria and viruses). In some cases, individual waste recycling processes are technically impractical or economically unprofitable due to prohibitive costs of material, transport, financial and human resources. Disposal
Waste recycling - the use of waste for the production of goods (products), performance of work, provision of services, including the reuse of waste, including the reuse of waste for its intended purpose (recycling), their return to the production cycle after appropriate preparation (regeneration), as well as extraction of useful components for their reuse (recuperation);
Waste disposal (from Latin utilis - useful) means the following:
- use of waste at various stages of their technological cycle;
- ensuring the recycling or recycling of waste and end-of-life or rejected products.
When designing modern products, their recyclability is considered - a set of indicators that ensure the effective disposal of waste generated during its production and operation and after being withdrawn from circulation.
Thus, the concepts of recycling and recycling intersect. Thus, waste recycling may include their recycling in terms of recycling, and recycling may include waste recycling in cases where it is technically possible, technologically necessary or required by law. On the other hand, recycling does not consider recycling where the waste can be used directly in products without recycling. According to some experts, in addition to secondary resources and production and consumption waste, resources that are not directly applicable are also subject to recycling.
Recycling (syn. recycling) is the return of waste to the processes of technogenesis. Recycling is an
activity consisting of industries and many different processes. Recycling is one of the elements of waste disposal, which is part of waste processing. Waste recycling is carried out by reusing waste for the same purpose, for example, glass bottles after their safe processing and labeling (labeling), or by returning waste after processing to the production cycle (for example, cans - to steel production; waste paper - to paper, cardboard production etc.).
Sorting - selection of components from mixed (not sorted) already formed as a result of waste collection.
Separation and / or mixing of waste according to certain criteria into qualitatively different components.
Waste sorting is carried out at specialized enterprises, sorting complexes, sorting shops, sorting lines.
The vast majority of sorting lines in the world are manual. But there are also automated ones, on which metals are separated by a magnet, the smallest fraction is mechanically screened out, the garbage is blown in a ballistic separator and separated into light and heavy. The optical system then sorts the plastics by grade and/or color. On highly automated lines, human operators work only at the first stage of sorting, namely, they track large or dangerous items for equipment (gas cylinders, etc.).
Waste disposal is a reduction in the mass of waste, a change in their composition, physical and chemical properties (including incineration and (or) disinfection at specialized installations) in order to reduce the negative impact of waste on human health and the environment.
Some wastes require disposal before disposal in landfills, landfills, or dumps. Thus, titanium production waste containing volatile and toxic anhydrous aluminum chloride is treated with lime before export.
Medical waste also requires neutralization (disinfection). Some medical plastic can be sent for recycling, but for this, hospitals need to collect plastic waste separately from the rest, and also sort it according to safety classes and types. Medical plastic can be sorted at special recycling plants, but only manually, in the absence of automated lines at present. For most enterprises, this type of recycling is unprofitable, since it is cheaper to produce new plastic than to purchase recycled materials.
However, some countries are already actively working on this situation. For example, in the United States, Australia and New Zealand, Class A waste is successfully recycled. At the output of the enterprise, low-pressure polyethylene, PVC and polystyrene are obtained. They can again produce medical items that do not require sterilization (packaging and containers), as well as household items: bags, boxes, pipes, stationery and building materials. At the same time, the output sometimes turns out to be a material with an indeterminate composition, which is difficult to use at the present stage of development.
Список использованной литературы:
1. Багрянцев Г.И., Черников В.Е. Термическое обезвреживание и переработка промышленных и бытовых отходов // Муниципальные и промышленные отходы: способы обезвреживания и вторичной переработки - аналитические обзоры. Новосибирск, 1995, серия Экология.
2. Байкулатова К.Ш. Вторичное сырье - эффективный резерв материальных ресурсов. Алма-Ата, Казахстан, 1982.
3. Безотходная технология. М., Знание, 1983.
4. Бернадинер М.Н., Шурыгин А.П. Огневая переработка и обезвреживание промышленных отходов. М., Химия, 1990.
©Оразмырадова У., 2023
