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19WAYS TO IMPROVE THE LOGISTICS SUPPORT OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE ELEMENTS IN DEFENSE OF THE SEA COAST
BaranovA.
Candidate of Technical Sciences (Ph.D), associate professor, Department of Combat (Operational) Support Units Tactics,
Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy
Ukraine, Lviv Baranov Yu.
Candidate of Technical Sciences (Ph.D), senior instructor, Department of Combat (Operational) Support Units Tactics, Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy
Ukraine, Lviv Kalenyk M.
Candidate of Technical Sciences (Ph.D), senior researcher,
Deputy Head of the Department of Engineering Equipment Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy
Ukraine, Lviv Ivanskyi V.
Senior instructor, Department of Combat (Operational) Support Units Tactics, Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy
Ukraine, Lviv Brychynskyi O.
Instructor, Department of Combat (Operational) Support Units Tactics, Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy
Ukraine, Lviv
Abstract.
The article is elaborated on a topical issue related to increasing the efficiency of logistics support operation of elements in defense of the sea coast. To date, logistics support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine elements is in the process of reforming and represents an unbalanced system that operates in certain areas and types of support failing a single effective system of logistics support.
The purpose of the article is to provide recommendations for improving the logistics support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine elements in defense of the sea coast.
Keywords: logistics support; sea coast; Armed Forces of Ukraine elements.
1. INTRODUCTION.
Analysis of the experience of logistics support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine elements in the course of combat missions shows that one of the key problems of the logistics support system is, first of all, paying insufficient attention to issues related to the management of logistics support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine elements in various types of combat actions, in particular in defense of the sea coast [1, 2].
According to the experience of local wars and armed conflicts, one of the difficult tasks for troops (forces) can become the transition to defense in the coastal direction: by the main forces - on land, and by part of the forces - on the coast.
Successful solution of these tasks will depend on the completeness of support and supply, so the combat power of troops (forces) in defense in the coastal direction is particularly closely linked to their logistics support.
This is explained, first of all, by the growing needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine elements in materiel supply, as well as the complexity of tasks solving by all logistics support services in modern conditions.
Formulation of the problem. Analysis of logistics support of troops (forces) illustrates that insufficient attention was paid to the training of units and officials on logistics support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine elements issues in defense of the sea coast. These issues have acquired the greatest relevance right now during the Joint Forces operation (JFO) [3 4].
Analysis of recent research and publications. In the scientific research the scientific works of O. Voro-byov, I. Vlasov, O. Uhrynovych and others, that reveal quite deeply most of the issues on these terms of reference, could not be ignored [5].
The purpose of the article. To provide recommendations for improving logistics support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine elements in defense of the sea coast.
2. RESEARCH RESULTS.
The organization of logistics support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine elements that defend the sea coast has a number of features specified by the nature of their combat employment, need for close interation with the logistics of the Navy, as well as by physical, geographical and economic conditions.
When deciding on the organization of logistics support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine elements, it is
necessary to take into account the intent of combat actions, creating conditions for autonomy of units in logistical terms, possibility of using sea transport to transport sypplies and evacuate casualties, as well as the terrain features, and its impact on sustainability of supply and evacuation routes.
Bearing in mind that the indicators of defense combat of the sea coast can be higher than under ordinary conditions, especially in width, so it is advisable to divide the logistics units into two groups deploying them in two directions. At the same time, the main forces must be allocated to support the troops operating in the main line of defense.
The distance of service support units from the front edge of defense is determined taking into account not only the combat order and the location of its defensive positions, but also the physical and geographical conditions. Therefore, it will be larger than the adopted standards.
In addition to the main and reserve supply and evacuation routes, it is advisable to designate and prepare routes for bypassing objects on which the enemy is most likely to strike. This task must be solved in close interaction with combat (operational) support units.
Particular attention in the organization of logistics support has to be paid to creation of stocks of material supplies in the amounts established by the higher command, to their most rational arranging in depth and secure hiding-place.
During defense of the sea coast, the size of stocks of material supplies, especially ammunition, will increase. On that basis, the stocks of ammunition in units, subunits and in the warehouse of the higher body are increased accordingly, and on holding fire positions by the Artillery, part of the ammunition is taken to fire positions. Increased reserves must be also provided in the units that are allocated to defend the isolated direction of the probable landing.
In anticipation of possible sudden enemy air and artillery strikes, a significant part of the material supplies in all parts of the logistics must be laid out on the ground and placed in protected shelters. Implementation of these measures will significantly increase the survivability of the logistics system of elements standing on the defensive.
During defense of the sea coast material supplies must be delivered primarily to units and subunits operating in the main direction. At the same time, one third of the expenses of material supplies is replenished by involving automotive transport of units standing on the defensive. The rationale for such a decision is determined primarily by the fact that automotive transport of the logistics support unit is involved into delivery of material supplies from the warehouses of the logistics top echelon.
The delivery of material supplies to forward detachments intended for the defense of the supply zone, and to units defending the forward position, must be carried out by automotive transport of the unit (forces) that allocated them.
In the most difficult situation, helicopters must be used to deliver material supplies, and maritime
transport - for units standing on the defensive on the sea coast.
Particular attention needs to be paid to creating conditions for rapid evacuation of the wounded and sick during combat operations in order to provide them with qualified medical care. For this purpose it is necessary to exploit not only automobile ambulance transport, but also aircraft, and from the units defending the coast - maritime transport.
Attention must be also paid to the survivability of the logistics support system, which depends on reliable protection, security and defense of logistics. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the enemy's capabilities for delivering strikes against rear targets not only from the side of the land sector, but also from the side of the sea coast with the widespread employment of reconnaissance and sabotage groups as well as landing forces.
As the experience of local wars and exercises shows, the solution of these tasks has to be provided in accordance with a unified plan through the most efficient use of the capabilities of the logistics support units themselves, as well as the material and human resources allocated additionally for these purposes by the commander of a unit standing on the defensive. Particular attention has to be paid to air defense of logistics facilities in cooperation with air defense formations and units.
However, logistics support units themselves have effective means of destroying enemy aircraft and helicopters, operating at low and fairly low altitudes. Calculations show that the implementation of all measures for protection, security and defense of logistics can reduce its losses by 30-50 percent.
While deciding on the logistics support of the Ukrainian Armed Forces elements in defense of the sea coast, much attention has to be paid to the organization of logistics management in the course of combat operations, namely: a clear formulation and setting of tasks to subordinates; organization of control over execution of given orders; checking of the readiness of the logistics management system during the transition to defense; timely transmitting of orders and regulations as for logistics support; officials' awareness of the tasks that were assigned; the quality of implementation of measures concerning training of logistics bodies and units of support [6].
When determining the distance for deployment of logistics from the front line of defense, it is necessary to ensure the guaranteed possibility of timely replenishment of stocks of materiel in units, as well as the timely evacuation of the wounded and sick to medical stations in separate medical companies, where they will be provided with first medical aid. Therefore, the areas for deployment of logistics units should be chosen primarily taking into account this important factor, and also depending on the terrain, the conditions of development of their positions, disguise, organization of protection, security and defense.
This indicates that deployment of logistic support units in defense of the coast can be deeper than in other cases.
Logistics must be constantly ready to perform the assigned tasks in the most difficult environment, therefore, for this purpose, not one, but two or three options need to be considered for its deployment and formation that has to be planned, practically worked out with the authorities and logistics support units.
3. CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS OF FURTHER RESEARCH.
Thus, the organization of logistical support of elements of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in defense of the sea coast is proposed to carry out in the following directions: improvement of existing scientific approaches to the rational use of automotive transport units; reduction of time for carrying out loading and unloading operations during organization of logistics support of units in defense of the sea coast; encreasing the efficiency of management and performing calculations as for the logistics support of units in defense of the sea coast by increasing the efficiency of the Deputy Commander for Logistics performance.
References
1. State Program for the Development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine of March 22, 2017 № 73.
2. On approval of the Basic Provisions of Logistics Support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Order of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine dated 11.10.2016 № 552.
3. Problematic issues of development and organization of the Armed Forces of Ukraine logistics based on the experience of the anti-terrorist operation and the development of the logistics system in NATO countries. Scientific and practical seminar, June 29, 2017. Kyiv. 2017. 107 p.
4. Ways to create a unified logistics system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine based on the experience of local wars and anti-terrorist operation. Scientific and practical seminar, June 27th, 2018. Kyiv. 2018. P. 136.
5. Vorobiov O.M., Vlasov I.O., Ugrinovich O.I., Golicin V.O. Analysis of problematic issues of logistics support of the anti-terrorist operation and determining directions for their solution. Collection of research papers "Proceedings of the University". Kyiv: NDA, 2014. № 4. P. 206.
6. Dachkovsky V.O., Vorobiov O.M., Ovcharenko I.V. Fundamentals of logistics. Training manual. Kyiv: NUOU, 2018. 203 p.
АПРИОРНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ТОЧНОСТИ ВЕЕРООБРАЗНОГО ТРИГОНОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО НИВЕЛИРОВАНИЯ КОРОТКИМ ЛУЧОМ
Клепиков И.В.
Кандидат технических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой геодезии и земельного кадастра, Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, г. Архангельск, Россия
Рыльщиков В.В.
Кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры геодезии и земельного кадастра, Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, г. Архангельск, Россия
A PRIORI ESTIMATION OF THE ACCURACY OF FAN-SHAPED TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELING
WITH SHORT LENGTHS OF SIGHT
Klepikov I.
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Geodesy and Land Cadastre, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk, Russia
Rylshchikov V.
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Geodesy and Land Cadastre, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk, Russia
Аннотация
В настоящей статье рассматривается априорная оценка точности веерообразного тригонометрического нивелирования при выполнении измерений на наблюдаемые цели при одном положении вертикального круга электронного тахеометра. Априорная оценка точности необходима для разработки проектов схем измерений, например, при выполнении наблюдений за осадками инженерных сооружений. Применение веерообразного тригонометрического нивелирования позволяет существенно повысить производительность работ, но одновременно приводит к тому, что превышения между точкой пересечения основных осей тахеометра и наблюдаемыми целями оказываются корреляционно зависимыми из-за наличия в результатах измерений вертикальных углов общего параметра - места нуля вертикального круга. На основе теории ошибок измерений получено выражение для средней квадратической ошибки превышения на станции с учетом коррелированности измерений. Приведены числовые примеры. Показано, что пренебрежение корреляционной зависимостью в некоторых случаях может приводить к искажению оценки точности до 40%.
