WAYS OF ORGANIZING STUDENTS' INDEPENDENT WORK USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
K.T. Duvanaeva, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor N. Ysmanov, Graduate Student Osh State University (Kyrgyzstan, Osh)
DOI:10.24412/2500-1000-2024-3-3-166-171
Abstract. One of the most pressing problems of modern pedagogy is the organization of independent activity of students in the learning process. Professionals are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of learning, personal development, creative application of acquired knowledge and adaptability in professional activities in today's environment. The problem of independence and activity in learning with all its importance had different socio-pedagogical understanding. Mastering the methodology of independent activity poses the task of analyzing pedagogical and psychological literature from the point of view of understanding the essence of independent work in the learning process. The article deals with the use of information and communication technologies. Different types of independent work realized with the help of modern information technologies are shown.
Keywords: pedagogic, didactic, independent work, self-development, activity, educational process.
Students' individual work constitutes a significant part of the educational process that determines the formation of skills, successful solution of real practical tasks in the field of professional activities.
The independent work of the students is carried out in order to:
- to systematize and consolidate the acquired theoretical knowledge and practical skills of the students.
- to deepen and broaden theoretical knowledge.
- to develop the ability to use normative, legal, reference and specialized literature.
- to develop students' cognitive abilities and activities.
- to acquire skills in solving practical professional activities.
- to develop independent thinking, self-development, self-improvement and self-realization, developing project and research skills.
- to develop skills in locating and using normative, legal, reference, informational, patent, and other specialized literature and Internet resources as sources of information.
In today's world, changes in higher education mean that our very notion of teaching is evolving. In accordance with the modern
trends of social development, the new paradigm of education gives priority to the interests of the individual. If in the past such symbols of learning as knowledge, ability, social education has been developed, the symbols of the new view of education are skills, erudition, individual creativity, independent seeking and improvement of knowledge, high culture of the individual.
The formation of the inner need for self-learning becomes both a requirement of time and a condition for the realization of personal potential. A person's ability to be at a level appropriate to his claims to a high position in society is entirely dependent on his individual involvement in the independent process of mastery of new knowledge.
Therefore, one of the goals of professional education of a specialist is the necessity to provide the student with a solid basic knowledge. On the basis of this knowledge, he will be able to learn independently in the direction he needs. In this connection, the independent work of students, which creates conditions for formation of their readiness and ability to use various means of information for search of necessary knowledge, becomes more and more important.
The formation of the creative personality of a specialist, capable of self-development, self-education, innovative activity in conditions of rapid changes in many aspects of social life is one of the most important tasks of modern higher education. A modern, skilled, competitive expert must be a Master of Information and communication technology, he must be willing to constantly improve himself, he must be able to transform the acquired knowledge into innovative technology, he must form and develop the ability to acquire knowledge independently, to think critically.
The solution to these problems is possible by introducing into the educational process of higher education new forms and technologies of education, which correspond to the current level of technical possibilities. It is impossible for one person to cover the amount of knowledge accumulated during many years of human existence in the new economy, in the new knowledge economy. The use of information and communication technologies to access databases, Internet resources, file servers, etc. is a fast and convenient way to do this [4].
The new information technologies have a great potential for the intensification of the educational process and for the introduction of forms and methods of teaching which are aimed at the development of the learner's personality.
Methodology
One of the current issues of modern pedagogy is the problem of organization of independent activity of students in the learning process. There is a situation when there is a need for reflection, correction and new pedagogical solutions of the established ways and forms of designing and carrying out independent work of students. This is caused, first, by the expansion of the field of independent activity of students in the conditions of inclusion of information and telecommunication computer technologies in the learning process, formation of skills of self-organization and self-learning.
The relevance of the problem of the students' command of the methods of independent activity is based on the fact that during the period of study at universities the foundation of professionalism is created, the ability of
independent professional activity is developed [3]. In this connection it is particularly important that the students, having mastered the knowledge and the ways of acquiring it, realize that the independent work is intended to fulfill the tasks of all other types of academic work, because no knowledge, which has not become the object of its own activity, can be considered a real asset of the individual.
Simultaneously, the analysis of educational practice shows that in many educational institutions insufficient attention was paid to the organization and implementation of systematic independent work of students both on horizontal and vertical level. Due to the transition to the new curriculum and the reduction of the number of lessons, many subjects, sections of the work programs studied by the students were without the support of talks, laboratory work and other types of training carried out with the participation of an instructor. In this connection the questions of the organization of the independent work of the students, the control not only over their knowledge, but also over the process of the independent work itself become relevant. Meanwhile, at present the functions of control are practically reduced to one - registration (final): certificates, credits and examinations. And there is no adequate development of all other functions: teaching (controlling), educating, developing, activating [2].
The development of students' ability to multidimensional modeling of learning and research activities, creative self-realization and self-development should be the main goal of the modern learning process. This process is facilitated by the appropriate organization of independent work of students on the basis of information technology, especially the information and educational environment of universities.
Modern information technologies provide the teacher with an effective set of tools for designing and filling the pedagogical information space with information sources, determining the nature of his interaction with the student and supervising his learning activities during the study of various pedagogical, methodical, reference and other materials in the process of independent working. This type
of learning activity at the stage of implementation of the open educational platform of the higher educational institution, in particular, embodied in the technologies of distance learning and practice, can be both auxiliary, serving the needs of the teacher's work in the classroom, and completely independent.
A number of key opportunities of information technologies in this direction are pointed out by researchers of the problem of organization of independent work of students:
- information technologies allow to create a fundamentally different educational environment, which activates independent work of students, optimizes the learning process, shortens the time of acquisition of a set of knowledge and skills.
- students can learn material not only within the framework of the academic timetable. The material is available at any time that is convenient for the students.
- information technology makes it possible to significantly reduce classroom time and increase the time spent learning on one's own.
- not only traditional educational and scientific literature on paper, but also various types of electronic educational resources are the means of organizing education in the conditions of independent work of students.
- work independently not only with information databases and knowledge, but also with audiovisual information, virtual laboratories, creating simulations, graphical and numerical computer models, training programs and testing tools.
- student's independent work is controlled by the teacher through email, web page, Internet; it is possible to organize feedback between the student and the teacher.
- the purposeful use of information technologies in the independent work of students creates conditions for the establishment of an interactive dialog between the user and the information system. This dialog is realized through multimedia [5].
Use of information technology in all fields of study can expand horizons, improve the level of professional education, and enable creative activity of future professionals.
We can distinguish several ways of using information technology to work independently.
1. The use of electronic textbooks and educational editions, automated teaching systems, etc. for the performance of theoretical tasks for the purpose of independent learning of new knowledge by students is prohibited:
- Electronic textbooks and electronic educational editions, automated systems of learning.
- Computer communications and technologies using the Internet and communications.
2. Tasks which are aimed at the practical consolidation of the theoretically acquired qualifications and skills:
- Table editors (creation of tables, completion of ready tables, development of calculations, creation of diagrams).
- Graphic editors, automatic design systems, preparation of sketches and processing through program menus (preparation of graphics, preparation of drawings, drawing, drawing design).
- Text editors and processors, typographical system programs (word processors, programs for editing text documents and essays that require creative research, abstracts, preparation of term papers and diploma projects).
- Systems for managing databases.
- Editing menus with mathematical and statistical data.
- Using menus for animating and recognizing text.
3. Demonstration of knowledge through the use of algorithms and sample problems, and presentation (computer, projector, video camera, video clips) when working independently.
4. To control independent work, special computer control programs, and various test programs are used.
Therefore, the orientation to the model of competence of pupils' education is determined by the qualitative changes in the type and content of work, initiating the modification of the role of independent work in the process of pupils' education in order to provide professional thought, mobility of future professionals. It should be considered as an internally motivated activity, the performance of which requires a high level of self-discipline, self-awareness, responsibility from students at medical schools and brings satisfaction as a process of self-discovering and self-
improving, contributing to a smooth transition from education to professional activity.
Discussion
Modern requirements are not always adequately met by the existing practice of organizing independent work of students at higher educational institutions. Many graduates do not have a sufficiently strong base of professional knowledge, do not possess the skills of independent work and creative informational activity, and do not feel the need to continue self-education and improvement of professional skills.
The necessity of finding new approaches to organizing independent learning and cognitive activity of students in modern conditions, where information and communication technologies are an integral part, is connected with solving the following contradictions:
a. between downplaying the role of students' independent learning and cognitive activity and recognizing the priority of the holistic formation of a socially active, creative professional.
b. between the dynamic development of information technologies and didactic support tools on the one hand and the preservation of traditional models of student learning activities on the other.
c. between the needs of teachers in the mastery of methods of learning modeling with the use of information technologies and the lack of systematic technologies for the realization of these processes [6].
The active use of distance learning technologies through the organization of an open information and educational environment of the university is an innovative approach to the organization of independent work of students. An important place in it is occupied by such components as a distance learning system and an e-learning course located in it. The use of e-learning courses based on distance learning platforms such as LMS Moodle, A Tutor, WebCT, Prometheus, etc. is one of the most effective ways to organize independent work of students. In particular, one of the most widespread systems of distance learning - Moodle platform allows the realization of various types of independent work, as well as the
organization of group and individual work with students. individual work with students.
Students' independent work as a comprehensive, multi-functional
phenomenon, with personal and social as well as pedagogical meaning, represents a form of organization of pedagogical and cognitive activities, performed under the guidance of an instructor, whose essence consists in solving pedagogical and cognitive problems, studying pedagogical and professional issues, contributing to the formation of cognitive autonomy, initiating the ability and necessity of self-education [1].
Particularly important is the problem of organization of independent work in foreign language learning. Nowadays, the majority of students have to develop communicative language skills. This requires a change in the approach to the organization of independent work. Only if it is organized and implemented in the educational process as an integral system, permeating all stages of learning, can the effect of independent work be achieved.
Due to its social, professional, cognitive and developmental functions, foreign language as a means of communication and knowledge of the surrounding world occupies a special place in modern education. With the help of various tools, it is possible to create creative independence of the student - the basis of professional competence - in the process of learning a foreign language.
Only in the presence of serious and lasting motivation active independent work of students is possible. It is well known that motivation is a set of factors that stimulate a person and cause him/her to perform some kind of action within a certain activity. In this case, the activity is usually polymotivated. That is, it is stimulated by several motives at the same time.
With respect to action, motivation has three regulatory functions:
- motivation or providing the motor impulse or motivation for the individual to initiate action.
- meaningfulness, or giving deep personal meaning to the activity, organization, or the reliance on goal setting when conscious motives are transformed into motivational goals.
- organization, or the reliance on goal setting when conscious motives are transformed into motivational goals.
The motivation hierarchy is the foundation for cognitive autonomy, and its formation should be a key educational objective. Cognitive activity, and consequently the ability to self-educate, has a generative character in some students. In others, these qualities should be formed through the organization of the educational process, in which independent work becomes the key link. The goal is to "teach students to learn".
In other words, teaching students to use their intellectual, psychological, creative and motivational resources independently, rather than burdening them with ignorance of factual material, is the main task of every teacher and the educational process as a whole. The student must be helped to move from a "formal" motivation (i.e. to learn the material in order not to get an inadequate grade) to a fully conscious independent cognitive activity (i.e. the student sets the goal to improve professionally significant knowledge and skills in order to secure an advantage in a highly competitive labor market). The general conclusion is that motivation is an important element in succeeding in becoming independent.
Conclusion
Development of motivation for independent work, individualization and differentiation of independent work through a set of tasks of different levels, individual pace of independent work, transfer of independent
work to a higher organizational level, providing high quality of educational and cognitive activity are pedagogical and didactic possibilities of modern information and communication technologies in the system of independent work of students.
Educational conditions for the organization of independent work of students are the management of independent work with the use of information and communication technologies, increase of motivation, task nature of tasks (system of modular tasks of different levels, from reproducing to creative), interactivity, individualization of tasks for independent work with consideration of individual abilities and skills of students, organization of control and evaluation activities, correction of learning activities.
When choosing the optimal way of organizing the independent work, the teacher tries to provide the maximum motivation for learning, to determine accurately the volume of the task and to calculate the optimal time for its realization, taking into account the individual abilities of each student. The effectiveness of learning is greatly reduced by unbearable volume of tasks and too high requirements.
Thus, the organization of independent work of students with the use of information and educational environment of higher education institution will allow activation of cognitive activity of students, formation of stable skills of use of computer equipment and information technologies for further self-development and self-education.
References
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3. Duvanaeva K.T. Features of differentiated organisation of independent work of students // Izvestiya Vuzov (Kyrgyzstan). - 2015. - № 6. - P. 74-76.
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СПОСОБЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ СТУДЕНТОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
К.Т. Дуванаева, канд. пед. наук, доцент Н. Ысманов, магистрант Ошский государственный университет (Кыргызстан, г. Ош)
Аннотация. Одной из наиболее актуальных проблем современной педагогики является организация самостоятельной деятельности учащихся в процессе обучения. Профессионалы все больше осознают важность обучения, личностного развития, творческого применения полученных знаний и адаптивности в профессиональной деятельности в современных условиях. Проблема самостоятельности и активности в обучении при всей ее важности имела различное социально-педагогическое понимание. Овладение методикой самостоятельной деятельности ставит задачу анализа педагогической и психологической литературы с точки зрения понимания сущности самостоятельной работы в учебном процессе. В статье рассматривается использование информационно-коммуникационных технологий. Показаны различные виды самостоятельной работы, реализуемые с помощью современных информационных технологий.
Ключевые слова: педагогика, дидактика, самостоятельная работа, саморазвитие, деятельность, учебный процесс.