CC BY
3
УДК 691
Otakulov B.A. docent
Ferghana Polytechnic Institute
WALL DESIGNS AND THEIR HEATING AND TECHNICAL
INDICATORS OF MODEL HOUSES BUILT INDIVIDUALLY
Annotation: One of the main requirements of the world economy today is the transition to the use of energy-saving materials and technologies.
Key words: amount of energy, thermal performance of structures, temperature difference
One of the main requirements of the world economy today is the transition to the use of energy-saving materials and technologies. In energy saving, the main focus should be on the heat storage capacity of building structures. According to statistics, 90% of the total energy spent on construction is spent on heating buildings, 8% - on the production of building materials and products, and 2% - on construction work. Therefore, it is important to choose the materials and structures used in the construction of buildings, taking into account their thermal performance. For example, according to various data, 40 to 60% of heat loss through wall structures, as well as the use of effective thermal insulation material per 1 m2 of surface can save up to two kilograms of conventional fuel. An analysis of the condition of individual model houses built over the years and their designs has revealed that this issue has not been well addressed. In particular, the walls of these buildings are made of traditional materials - ordinary ceramic bricks. In order to analyze the heat storage capacity of these wall structures, thermal-technical calculations were carried out. It is known that the process of heat transfer of building materials in the presence of temperature differences on their surfaces is called thermal conductivity, and the coefficient of thermal conductivity (X ,
Вт/(м ■ 0С) characterized by
The thermal conductivity is calculated by the following formula: X = 5/R), Вт/м0С
here, 5 - material thickness, m; R0 - thermal resistance of the material, m2
0С/Вт.
The ability of a building structure to retain heat is the thermal resistance of the materials used in its manufacture (R0) determines The higher the thermal resistance value, the less heat the material loses. In general, the thermal resistance of a structure is the required thermal resistance, which is calculated using the following formula ( R^.) should not be less than
Rтэ=(tlIt2)nr^ м2 ■ 0С/Вт.
AtH
here:ti- indoor air temperature, 0С; t2- outside air temperature,0C; n - a coefficient that takes into account the location of the outer surface of the wall relative to the outside air; AtH - the temperature that normalizes the difference between the air in the room and the temperature of the inner surface of the wall 0С; Rb- heat transfer resistance of the inner surface of the wall, м2 • 0С/Вт.
In the projects of model houses, the outer walls of the buildings are 38 cm from ordinary ceramic bricks of 75 marks. (5 1) construction in thickness and 2 cm with a sand-cement construction mixture of 25 marks on both surfaces. (52) thick watering is provided.
According to current regulations,ti= 180C; t2= -150C; Я brick = 0,81Вт/м0С; Я snow =0,93Вт/м0С; Rb= 0,115 м2 • 0С/Вт; AtH
=60С. In that case thermal resistance of wall construction:
R0 = 5i /Я brick + 52 Я snow =0,38/0,81 + 0,04/ 0,93= 0,51м2 • 0С/Вт.
The required thermal resistance is
RT3 Re = (18 +15)1 0,115 = 0,73 м2 • 0С/Вт. га тенг.
Atn 6
Hence, the thermal resistance of the wall structure is less than the required thermal resistance value, ie R0 < Rt.3 or 0,51 < 0,73. This indicates that the materials selected for the wall constructions of standard houses do not meet the thermal-technical standards, their heat storage capacity is low, and cause moisture accumulation inside the wall, freezing and condensation of water vapor on the inner surface.
To eliminate these negative consequences, it is necessary to replace the building materials used in the construction of the wall with other heat-saving materials.
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